121-54-0 Usage
Description
Benzethonium chloride, also known as Hyamine? 1622 crystals, is a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt that exists as odorless white crystals or powder with a very bitter taste. It is characterized by its surfactant, antiseptic, and anti-infective properties, making it effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, mold, and viruses.
Uses
Used in Skin Care Preparations:
Benzethonium chloride is used as a preservative in skin care preparations, ensuring the safety of the product at concentrations of 0.5 percent.
Used in Topical Anti-infective Applications:
As a topical anti-infective, benzethonium chloride exhibits microbiocidal activity against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, mold, and viruses, making it suitable for treating various skin infections.
Used in Cosmetics:
Benzethonium chloride serves as a preservative and cationic surfactant in the cosmetics industry, maintaining the quality and safety of cosmetic products.
Used in Disinfection in Dairies and Food Industries:
Due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, benzethonium chloride is employed as a disinfectant in the dairy and food industries, ensuring the cleanliness and safety of these products.
Used in Pharmaceutical Products:
Benzethonium Chloride USP is utilized as a germicide for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, providing a high level of safety and efficacy.
Used in Clinical Reagents:
Benzethonium chloride is used as a clinical reagent for the determination of protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as a pharmaceutic aid (preservative).
Used in Personal Care, Veterinary, and Pharmaceutical Applications:
Hyamine? 1622 Crystals, a brand name for benzethonium chloride, is an FDA accepted ingredient for topical applications. It can be used as a bactericide, deodorant, or preservative in various applications, including personal care, veterinary, and pharmaceutical industries.
Used in Studies and Research:
Benzethonium chloride has been used in studies to assess the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as MRSA, and to prepare biocomposite films from sodium alginate and modified clay for various applications.
Chemical Properties:
Benzethonium chloride is a white or yellowish-white powder that occurs as a white crystalline material with a mild odor and very bitter taste.
Brand Names:
Some brand names for benzethonium chloride include Microklenz (Carrington) and Phemerol Chloride (Parke-Davis).
Originator
Phemerol,Parke Davis,US,1942
Production Methods
p-Diisobutylphenol is condensed in the presence of a basic catalyst
with β,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether to yield 2-[2-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)
phenoxy]ethoxy]ethyl chloride. Alkaline dimethylamination
then produces the corresponding tertiary amine which, after
purification by distillation, is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent
and treated with benzyl chloride to precipitate benzethonium
chloride.
Manufacturing Process
A mixture of 32 g of p-(α,α,γ,γ-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxyethoxyethyldimethylamine and 12.7 parts of benzyl chloride was warmed in 50 g of
benzene for 2 hours. The benzene was then evaporated. The residual viscous
mass gave a foamy, soapy solution in water.
The original starting materials are p-diisobutylphenol, dichlorodiethyl ether
and dimethylamine.
Therapeutic Function
Topical antiinfective
Air & Water Reactions
Hygroscopic. May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Benzethonium chloride is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents Incompatible with soap and anionic detergents. Can react with nitrates. Sensitive to light. Acids cause Benzethonium chloride to precipitate from aqueous solutions of >2% concentration. Stable for two weeks at temperatures up to 140 F, .
Hazard
An oral poison.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Benzethonium chloride are not available. Benzethonium chloride is probably combustible.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Pharmaceutical Applications
Benzethonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound used
in pharmaceutical formulations as an antimicrobial preservative.
Typically, it is used for this purpose in injections, ophthalmic and
otic preparations at concentrations 0.01–0.02% w/v. Benzethonium
chloride may also be used as a wetting and solubilizing agent, and as
a topical disinfectant.
In cosmetics such as deodorants, benzethonium chloride may be
used as an antimicrobial preservative in concentrations up to 0.5%
w/v.
The physical properties and applications of benzethonium
chloride are similar to those of other cationic surfactants such as
cetrimide.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Asevere eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen withexperimental neoplastigenic data. Mutation data reported.When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumesof Cl -
Safety
Benzethonium chloride is readily absorbed and is generally
regarded as a toxic substance when administered orally. Ingestion
may cause vomiting, collapse, convulsions, and coma. The probable
lethal human oral dose is estimated to be 50–500 mg/kg bodyweight.
The topical use of solutions containing greater than 5% w/v
benzethonium chloride can cause irritation although benzethonium
chloride is not regarded as a sensitizer. The use of 0.5% w/v
benzethonium chloride in cosmetics is associated with few adverse
effects. A maximum concentration of 0.02% w/v benzethonium
chloride is recommended for use in cosmetics used in the eye area
and this is also the maximum concentration generally used in
pharmaceutical formulations such as injections and ophthalmic
preparations.
See also Benzalkonium Chloride.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 15.5 mg/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 30 mg/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 338 mg/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 16.5 mg/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 19 mg/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 368 mg/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 119 mg/kg
storage
Benzethonium chloride is stable. Aqueous solutions may be
sterilized by autoclaving.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container
protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from boiling acetone after filtering or from CHCl3/pet ether. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried for 24hours in a vacuum desiccator. It is a cationic antiseptic surfactant which forms crystals also from a 1:9 MeOH/Et2O mixture. It foams in water. [Beilstein 12 IV 2187.]
Incompatibilities
Benzethonium chloride is incompatible with soaps and other
anionic surfactants and may be precipitated from solutions greater
than 2% w/v concentration by the addition of mineral acids and
some salt solutions.
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM and IV
injections; nasal, ophthalmic and otic preparations). Included in the
Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 121-54-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,2 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 121-54:
(5*1)+(4*2)+(3*1)+(2*5)+(1*4)=30
30 % 10 = 0
So 121-54-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C27H42NO2.ClH/c1-26(2,3)22-27(4,5)24-13-15-25(16-14-24)30-20-19-29-18-17-28(6,7)21-23-11-9-8-10-12-23;/h8-16H,17-22H2,1-7H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
121-54-0Relevant articles and documents
METHOD FOR PREPARING ARYL POLYOXY ALKYL QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND
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Paragraph 0050; 0051; 0052, (2014/03/25)
A method for preparation of an aryl poly(oxalkyl) quaternary ammonium compound is provided, said method comprising steps of: 1) reacting a phenol with a dihalopolyalkylene ether under the action of a phase transfer catalyst, to obtain an arylpoly(oxalkyl) halide; 2) reacting said arylpoly(oxalkyl) halide with an amination reagent under the action of a phase transfer catalyst, to obtain an arylpoly(oxalkyl) amine; 3) reacting said arylpoly(oxalkyl) amine with an alkylation reagent, to obtain an aryl poly(oxalkyl) quaternary ammonium compound; wherein R1 is H or a C1 to C16 alkyl group, located in the ortho, meta or para position; n is an integer of 2 to 6; R2 is H or a C1 to C16 alkyl group; R3 is H or a C1 to C16 alkyl group; R4 is a C1 to C16 alkyl group; X1 is Br or Cl; X is Cl, Br, or I. The preparation method according to the present invention requires low temperature and low pressure, the reaction time is short, and an overall yield can reach 75%. The operation is simple, the cost is low, and the product can be separated easily and have a purity of pharmaceutical grade, thereby facilitating the large-scale production.
NOVEL FORMULATION OF DEHYDRATED LIPID VESICLES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT VIA INHALATION
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, (2009/03/07)
A new formulation of dehydrated lipid vesicles employs a vesicle preserver and permits the control of release and delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the respiratory system for treatment in particular of asthma. The typical formulation provides controlled release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient from 0% to 100% from 0 to 72 hours after inhalation, changes the systemic administration to topical administration, allows prolonged therapeutic period for one administration, increased stability, with reduced dose, reduced systemic side effects, reduced toxicity.
Fungicidal and bactericidal method
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, (2008/06/13)
A fungicidal and bactericidal method of imparting fungicidal and bactericidal properties to an article by coating or impregnating the article with a solution of a quaternary ammonium salt of alginic acid or carboxymethyl cellulose (which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water) in an organic solvent and thereafter removing the solvent from the article.