100865-93-8Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis, in vitro pharmacology, structure - Activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics of 3-alkoxy-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6- dicarboxylic acid derivatives as potent and selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists
Nakazato, Atsuro,Sakagami, Kazunari,Yasuhara, Akito,Ohta, Hiroshi,Yoshikawa, Ryoko,Itoh, Manabu,Nakamura, Masato,Chaki, Shigeyuki
, p. 4570 - 4587 (2004)
Novel group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonists, 3-alkoxy-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivatives 11 and 12, were discovered by the incorporation of a hydroxy or alkoxyl group onto the C-3 portion of selective and potent group II mGluR agonist 5, (1R,2S,5R,6R)-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. Among these compounds, (1R,2R,3R,5R,6R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-6- fluorobicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (-)-11be (MGS0039) was a highly selective and potent group II mGluR antagonist with the best pharmacokinetic profile. Compound (-)-11be exhibited high affinities for mGlu 2 (Ki = 2.38 ± 0.40 nM) and mGlu 3 (4.46 ± 0.31 nM) but low affinity for mGluR 7 (Ki = 664 ± 106 nM), and potent antagonist activities for mGlu 2 (IC50 = 20.0 ± 3.67nM) and mGluR 3 (IC50 = 24.0 ± 3.54 nM) but much less potent antagonist activities for mGlu 4 (IC50 = 1740 ± 1080 nM), mGlu 6 (IC50 = 2060 ± 1270 nM), mGlu 1 (IC50 = 93300 ± 14600 nM), and mGluR 5 (IC50 = 117000 ± 38600 nM). No significant agonist activities of (-)-11be were found for mGluRs 2, 3, 4, 6, 1, and 5 (EC50 > 100000 nM). Furthermore, (-)-11be exhibited dose-dependent oral absorption (plasma Cmax: 214 ± 56.7, 932 ± 235, and 2960 ± 1150 ng/mL for 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg, po, respectively) and acceptable blood-brain barrier penetration (brain C max: 13.2 ng/mL for 10 mg/kg, po 6 h). In this paper, we report the synthesis, in vitro pharmacological profile, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 3-alkoxy-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6- dicarboxylic acid derivatives 11 and 12, and pharmacokinetic profiles of several typical compounds.
Br?nsted acid catalyzed monoalkylation of anilines with trichloroacetimidates
Wallach, Daniel R.,Stege, Patrick C.,Shah, Jigisha P.,Chisholm, John D.
, p. 1993 - 2000 (2015)
Trichloroacetimidates are useful alkylating agents for aromatic amines, requiring only a catalytic amount of a Br?nsted acid to facilitate the reaction. Monoalkylation predominates under these conditions. Electron-poor anilines provide superior yields, with electron-rich anilines sometimes showing competitive Friedel-Crafts alkylation. A single flask protocol with formation of the imidate in situ is demonstrated, providing a convenient method for the direct substitution of alcohols with anilines. Reaction with a chiral imidate favors a mechanism that proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.
Synthesis of Rovafovir Etalafenamide (Part III): Evolution of the Synthetic Process to the Phosphonamidate Fragment
Ambrosi, Andrea,Bringley, Dustin A.,Calimsiz, Selcuk,Curl, Jonah,Garber, Jeffrey A. O.,Huynh, Huy,Kwong, Bernard,Lapina, Olga,Leung, Edmund,Lin, Lennie,Martins, Andrew,McGinitie, Teague,Mohan, Sankar,Phull, Jaspal,Roberts, Ben,Rosario, Mary,Sarma, Keshab,Shen, Jinyu,Shi, Bing,Standley, Eric A.,Wang, Li,Wang, Xueqing,Yu, Guojun
supporting information, p. 1247 - 1262 (2021/05/29)
Phosphonamidate 1 is a key fragment in the assembly of rovafovir etalafenamide, a novel nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor under development at Gilead Sciences for the treatment of HIV infection. An early manufacturing route, relying on simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography for the separation of phosphorus diastereomers, was executed on scale to produce multiple batches of 1. However, developing alternative synthetic conditions became desirable in consideration of the high production cost, long lead time, and high process mass intensity (PMI) associated with SMB. Several strategies to improve these factors are described herein, including epimerization and recycling of the undesired (R)-phosphorus diastereomer, design of stereoselective approaches to establish the desired (S)-configuration at phosphorus, and identification of conditions or derivatives to allow for selective crystallization. Ultimately, a second-generation route to 1 was developed and demonstrated on scale. The new route achieves the separation of phosphorus diastereomers by means of selective crystallization, does not require SMB, and offers lower PMI, cost, and lead time.
