109-56-8Relevant articles and documents
Reviving electrocatalytic reductive amination: A sustainable route from biogenic levulinic acid to 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone
Holzh?user, F. Joschka,Kurig, Nils,Mürtz, Sonja D.,Palkovits, Regina
supporting information, p. 8428 - 8433 (2021/11/17)
The electrocatalytic reductive amination offers a green pathway to N-containing platform and fine chemicals by using water as a hydrogen source and benign reaction conditions. However, systematic studies about suitable reaction conditions and application to biogenic substrates are rare. Here, we present the electrochemical transformation of levulinic acid to 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone. Data from Smirnov et al. for the amination of conventional ketones were validated and extended by systematically investigating the impact of electrode material, substrate concentration, current density, solvent, electrolyte, and pH value. High substrate concentrations in an aqueous electrolyte with a high pH value enable imine formation and copper is identified as the most selective cathode material at current densities lower than 40 mA cm-2. The application of optimized reaction conditions to levulinic acid, followed by a short heating procedure for dehydrative ring closure, led to 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone in 78% yield. The systematic approach of this work presents the first example of an electrochemical levulinic acid amination and provides a methodology for the benign synthesis of other N-containing species. This journal is
N-Alkylation of Alkylolamines with Alcohols Over Mesoporous Solid Acid–Base Cs–B–Zr Catalyst
Chen, Aimin,Wang, Houyong,Liu, Rui,Bo, Yingying,Hu, Jun
, p. 1182 - 1193 (2016/07/06)
Abstract: The mesoporous solid acid–base Cs–B–Zr mixed oxides were synthesized using the co-precipitation method followed by a subsequent thermal treatment. The catalytic activity of solid Cs–B–Zr mixed oxide was tested for solvent free acid–base catalysed direct alkylolamines with alcohols as green alkylating agent. The effects of Cs/B/Zr ratio, calcination temperature, reaction conditions, and reaction substrate on the catalytic performance of the catalysts were investigated. The XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, ICP-OES, FT-IR and NH3/CO2-TPD results showed that the mesoporous structure and acid–base properties of the catalysts play important roles in the reaction. A suitable number of acid and basic sites on the catalyst lead to a high activity for the N-alkylation reaction. Graphical Abstract: A direct N-alkylation of amino alcohol with alcohols has been developed using mixed oxide Cs–B–Zr as an acid–base bifunctionalized catalyst.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Synthesis of pyrrole N-derivatives from oxazolidines
Sadykov, E. Kh.,Stankevich,Lobanova,Klimenko
, p. 219 - 224 (2014/04/17)
Transformations of oxazolidine derivatives synthesized from industrially produced amino alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones under basic or acidic catalysis lead to the formation of N-alkyl- and N-(hydroxyalkyl)-substituted pyrroles in 19-81% yields.
