110714-48-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Cancer Therapy:
7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin is used as an anti-cancer agent for its ability to inhibit the growth and spread of various types of cancer cells. It has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer, among others. Its topoisomerase inhibitory activity makes it a potent agent in targeting and disrupting the DNA replication process in cancer cells, thereby limiting their proliferation and survival.
Used in Drug Delivery Systems:
Leveraging its water-soluble properties, 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin is used in drug delivery systems to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes of cancer treatments. Its compatibility with various drug delivery platforms, including organic and metallic nanoparticles, allows for the development of novel formulations that can enhance the delivery, efficacy, and safety of this potent anti-cancer agent. This application helps overcome limitations associated with traditional chemotherapy, such as poor solubility and off-target effects, by enabling more targeted and efficient delivery of the drug to cancer cells.

Upstream product

• 142677-15-4 SN 38 Carboxylate 
• 35364-15-9 2'-amino-5'-hydroxypropiophenone 
• 110351-94-5 (4S)-4-ethyl-7,8-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1H-pyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-3,6,10(4H)-trione 
• 97682-44-5 irinotecan 
• 16400-32-1 1-bromo-pent-2-yne 
• 99-11-6 citrazinic acid 
• 5398-44-7 2,6-dichloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid 
• 183433-74-1 5-Benzyloxymethyl-4-(1-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-propyl)-6-methoxy-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid propyl ester 
• 183433-75-2 5-Benzyloxymethyl-4-((S)-1-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-propyl)-6-methoxy-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid propyl ester 
• 19685-09-7 (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin 
• 123-38-6 propionaldehyde 
• 102978-40-5 4-Ethyl-7,8-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1H-pyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-3,6,10(4H)-trione 
• 1108204-40-5 1-trimethylsilyloxy-2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene 
• 1335104-70-5 (E)-3-ethoxy-1-(9-ethyl-3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-2(3H)-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 

Downstream Products

• 97682-44-5 irinotecan 
• 142677-15-4 SN 38 Carboxylate 
• 181629-63-0 4-[Benzyloxycarbonyl-(4-benzyloxycarbonyl-butyl)-amino]-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid (S)-4,11-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3,13-dioxo-3,4,12,13-tetrahydro-1H-2-oxa-6,12a-diaza-dibenzo[b,h]fluoren-9-yl ester 
• 549520-67-4 3,4,5-triacetoxy-6-{2-[(4,11-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3,13-dioxo-3,4,12,13-tetrahydro-1H-2-oxa-6,12a-diaza-dibenzo[b,h]fluoren-9-yloxycarbonyl)-methyl-amino]-4-nitro-phenoxy}-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 
• 100286-90-6 irinotecan hydrochloirde 
• 946062-01-7 7-ethyl-10-O-t-butyldiphenylsilylcamptothecin 
• 1454575-12-2 7-ethyl-10-benzyloxy-(20S, 21S)-fluorcamptothecin 
• 1574389-55-1 C₄₃H₄₈N₈O₈ 
• 1574389-56-2 C₄₁H₄₇N₇O₈ 
• 946062-02-8 7-ethyl-10-O-t-butyldiphenylsilylcamptothecin-20-O-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Chemical decontamination of iPS cell-derived neural cell mixtures

This report describes the design and evaluation of phosphorylated 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38-P), which selectively eliminates tumor-forming proliferative stem cells, including human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and neural stem cells, from iPSC-derived neural cell mixtures. Results of the present study demonstrate that simple phosphorylation of an anticancer drug can provide a safe, cost-effective, and chemically-defined tool for decontaminating hiPSC-derived neuron.

Evaluation of nitrobenzyl derivatives of camptothecin as anti-cancer agents and potential hypoxia targeting prodrugs

As part of our initial efforts into developing a tumor-targeting therapy, C-10 substituted derivatives of a camptothecin analog (SN-38) have been synthesized (2-, 3- and 4-nitrobenzyl) for use as potential hypoxia-activated prodrugs and evaluated for their cytotoxicity, topoisomerase Iinhibition and electrochemical (reductive) properties. All three derivatives were found to possess reduced toxicity towards human leukemia K562 cells compared to SN-38, validating a condition for prodrug action. Using an MTS assay, IC50's were found to be 3.0, 25.9, 12.2 and 58.0 nM for SN-38, 2-nitro-, 3-nitro- and 4-nitrobenzyl-C10-substituted-SN-38, respectively, representing an 8-, 4- and 19-fold decrease in cytotoxicity. Using a topoisomerase I assay, one of the analogs (4-nitrobenzyl) was shown to inhibit the ability of this enzyme to relax supercoiled pBR322 DNA, at a similar concentration to the clinically-approved active metabolite SN-38. Cyclic voltammetry detailed the reductive nature of the analogs, and was used to infer the potential of these compounds to serve as hypoxia-targeting prodrugs. The electrochemical results also validated the quasi-reversible nature of the first reduction step, and served as a proof-of-principle that hypoxia-targeting prodrugs of SN- 38 can participate in a redox-futile cycle, the proposed mechanism of activation and targeting. Chemical reduction of the 4-nitrobenzyl analog led to the formation/release of SN-38 and validated the prodrug ability of the C-10 substituted derivative.

Copper-free Sonogashira reaction using 7-chloro camptothecins

We studied copper-free Sonogashira reaction using 7-chloro camptothecins, and determined that rac-BINAP/Pd(OAc)2 was an efficient catalyst for the coupling reaction. With this process, a number of 7-substituted camptothecins with a wide range of functional groups are potentially accessible. Besides, two drugs, SN-38 and BNP-1350, could be prepared by this method.

Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Cyclization: Synthesis of (20S)-Camptothecin, SN-38 and Irinotecan

(20S)-Camptothecin, irinotecan and SN-38 were successfully synthesized by a photocatalyzed radical cascade cyclization from an N-propargyl iodopyridinone and an arylisonitrile under visible light with a ruthenium catalyst. This synthetic method provided a useful entry into composing camptothecin family of antitumor agents in good yields under mild reaction conditions without the use of heavy metal reagents.

Different hydrolases involved in bioactivation of prodrug-type angiotensin receptor blockers: Carboxymethylenebutenolidase and carboxylesterase 1

Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is a prodrug-type angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB). We recently identified carboxymethylenebutenolidase homolog (CMBL) as the responsible enzyme for OM bioactivation in humans. In the present study, we compared the bioactivating properties of OM with those of other prodrug-type ARBs, candesartan cilexetil (CC) and azilsartan medoxomil (AM), by focusing on interspecies differences and tissue specificity. In invitro experiments with pooled tissue subcellular fractions of mice, rats, monkeys, dogs, and humans, substantial OM-hydrolase activities were observed in cytosols of the liver, intestine, and kidney in all the species tested except for dog intestine, which showed negligible activity, whereas lung cytosols showed relatively low activities compared with the other tissues. AM-hydrolase activities were well correlated with the OM-hydrolase activities. In contrast, liver microsomes exhibited the highest CC-hydrolase activity among various tissue subcellular fractions in all the species tested. As a result of Western blot analysis with the tissue subcellular fractions, the band intensities stained with anti-human CMBL and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) antibodies well reflected OM- and AM-hydrolase activities and CC-hydrolase activity, respectively, in animals and humans. Recombinant human CMBL and CES1 showed significant AM- and CC-hydrolase activities, respectively, whereas CC hydrolysis was hardly catalyzed with recombinant carboxylesterase 2 (CES2). In conclusion, OM is bioactivated mainly via intestinal and additionally hepatic CMBL not only in humans but also in mice, rats, and monkeys, while CC is bioactivated via hepatic CES1 rather than intestinal enzymes, including CES2. AM is a substrate for CMBL. Copyright

10-Boronic acid substituted camptothecin as prodrug of SN-38

Malignant tumor cells have been found to have high levels of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), supporting the hypothesis that a prodrug could be activated by intracellular H2O2 and lead to a potential antitumor therapy. In this study, the 7-ethyl-10-boronic acid camptothecin (B1) was synthesized for the first time as prodrug of SN-38, by linking a cleavable aryl carbon-boron bond to the SN-38. Prodrug B1 selectively activated by H2O2, converted rapidly to the active form SN-38 under favorable oxidative conditions in cancer cells with elevated levels of H2O2. The cell survival assay showed that prodrug B1 was equally or more effective in inhibiting the growth of six different cancer cells, as compared to SN-38. Unexpectedly, prodrug B1 displayed even more potent Topo I inhibitory activity than SN-38, suggesting that it was not only a prodrug of SN-38 but also a typical Topo I inhibitor. Prodrug B1 also demonstrated a significant antitumor activity at 2.0 mg/kg in a xenograft model using human brain star glioblastoma cell lines U87MG.

A stable and cleavable o-linked spacer for drug delivery systems

Anti-cancer chemotherapy with good efficacy and fewer side effects is highly desirable. A drug delivery system comprising a cancer-targeting module and a cytotoxic agent connected with a cleavable linker is promising for reducing side effects. The development of a cleavable linker satisfying the requirements of both stability and cleavability, however, is difficult, especially when a carbonate moiety is used for conjugating the linker to a hydroxy group in a drug of interest. We herein report a new stable linker comprising carbamate and ester spacers, which can be introduced on a hydroxy group of a drug. This linker is more stable in aqueous neutral buffer than a corresponding carbonate-type linker, and releases a payload anti-cancer drug, SN-38, through a two-step sequence upon cathepsin B treatment. This linker may have potential use in other drug delivery systems to lower side effects by selectively transporting cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells.

On-Demand Activation of a Bioorthogonal Prodrug of SN-38 with Fast Reaction Kinetics and High Releasing Efficiency in Vivo

Although a myriad of bioorthogonal prodrugs have been developed, very few of them present both fast reaction kinetics and complete cleavage. Herein, we report a new bioorthogonal prodrug strategy with both fast reaction kinetics (k2: ～103 M-1 s-1) and complete cleavage (>90% within minutes) using the bioorthogonal reaction pair of N-oxide and boron reagent. Distinctively, an innovative 1,6-elimination-based self-immolative linker is masked by N-oxide, which can be bioorthogonally demasked by a boron reagent for the release of both amino and hydroxy-containing payload in live cells. Such a strategy was applied to prepare a bioorthogonal prodrug for a camptothecin derivative, SN-38, resulting in 10-fold weakened cytotoxicity against A549 cells, 300-fold enhanced water solubility, and on-demand activation upon a click reaction both in vitro and in vivo. This novel bioorthogonal prodrug strategy presents significant advances over the existing ones and may find wide applications in drug delivery in the future.

Diazaborines Are a Versatile Platform to Develop ROS-Responsive Antibody Drug Conjugates**

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of therapeutics that combine the lethality of potent cytotoxic drugs with the targeting ability of antibodies to selectively deliver drugs to cancer cells. In this study we show for the first time the synthesis of a reactive-oxygen-species (ROS)-responsive ADC (VL-DAB31-SN-38) that is highly selective and cytotoxic to B-cell lymphoma (CLBL-1 cell line, IC50 value of 54.1 nM). The synthesis of this ADC was possible due to the discovery that diazaborines (DABs) are a very effective ROS-responsive unit that are also very stable in buffer and in plasma. DFT calculations performed on this system revealed a favorable energetic profile (ΔGR=?74.3 kcal mol?1) similar to the oxidation mechanism of aromatic boronic acids. DABs’ very fast formation rate and modularity enabled the construction of different ROS-responsive linkers featuring self-immolative modules, bioorthogonal functions, and bioconjugation handles. These structures were used in the site-selective functionalization of a VL antibody domain and in the construction of the homogeneous ADC.

Folate Receptor Targeting and Cathepsin B-Sensitive Drug Delivery System for Selective Cancer Cell Death and Imaging

In this work, a folate receptor (FR)-mediated dual-targeting drug delivery system was synthesized to improve the tumor-killing efficiency and inhibit the side effects of anticancer drugs. We designed and synthesized an FR-mediated fluorescence probe (FA-Rho) and FR-mediated cathepsin B-sensitive drug delivery system (FA-GFLG-SN38). FA-GFLG-SN38 is composed of the FR ligand (folic acid, FA), the tetrapeptide substrate for cathepsin B (GFLG), and an anticancer drug (SN38). The rhodamine B (Rho)-labeled probe FA-Rho is suitable for specific fluorescence imaging of SK-Hep-1 cells overexpressing FR and inactive in FR-negative A549 and 16-HBE cells. FA-GFLG-SN38 exhibited strong cytotoxicity against FR-overexpressing SK-Hep-1, HeLa, and Siha cells, with IC50 values of 2-3 μM, but had no effect on FR-negative A549 and 16-HBE cells. The experimental results show that the FA-CFLG-SN38 drug delivery system proposed by us can effectively inhibit tumor proliferation in vitro, and it can be adopted for the diagnostics of tumor tissues and provide a basis for effective tumor therapy.