1147350-77-3Relevant articles and documents
Bioactivation of Clopidogrel and Prasugrel: Factors Determining the Stereochemistry of the Thiol Metabolite Double Bond
Dansette, Patrick M.,Levent, Dan,Hessani, Assia,Mansuy, Daniel
, p. 1338 - 1345 (2015/06/25)
The antithrombotics of the tetrahydrothienopyridine series, clopidogrel and prasugrel, are prodrugs that must be metabolized in two steps to become pharmacologically active. The first step is the formation of a thiolactone metabolite. The second step is a further oxidation with the formation of a thiolactone sulfoxide whose hydrolytic opening leads to a sulfenic acid that is eventually reduced into the corresponding active cis thiol. Very few data were available on the formation of the isomer of the active cis thiol having a trans configuration of the double bond, the most striking result in that regard being that both cis and trans thiols were formed upon the metabolism of clopidogrel by human liver microsomes in the presence of glutathione (GSH), whereas only the cis thiol was detected in the sera of patients treated with this drug. This article shows that trans thiols are also formed upon the microsomal metabolism of prasugrel or its thiolactone metabolite in the presence of GSH and that metabolites having the trans configuration of the double bond are only formed when microsomal incubations are done in the presence of thiols, such as GSH, N-acetyl-cysteine, and mercaptoethanol. Intermediate formation of thioesters resulting from the reaction of GSH with the thiolactone sulfoxide metabolite appears to be responsible for trans thiol formation. Addition of human liver cytosol to the microsomal incubations led to a dramatic decrease of the formation of the trans thiol metabolites. These data suggest that cytosolic esterases would accelerate the hydrolytic opening of thiolactone sulfoxide intermediates and disfavor the formation of thioesters resulting from the reaction of these intermediates with GSH that is responsible for trans isomer formation. This would explain why trans thiols have not been detected in the sera of patients treated with clopidogrel.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ATHEROTHROMBOSIS
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, (2013/03/26)
The disclosures herein provide compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, enantiomers, stereoisomers, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These salts may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated for peroral administration- transdermal administration, transmucosal, syrups, topical, extended release, sustained release, or injection. Such compositions may foe used to treatment of vascular disorders or conditions such as thrombotic cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease or its associated complications.
Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the two oxidative steps in the bioactivation of clopidogrel to its pharmacologically active metabolite
Kazui, Miho,Nishiya, Yumi,Ishizuka, Tomoko,Hagihara, Katsunobu,Farid, Nagy A.,Okazaki, Osamu,Ikeda, Toshihiko,Kurihara, Atsushi
experimental part, p. 92 - 99 (2010/11/17)
The aim of the current study is to identify the human cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms involved in the two oxidative steps in the bioactivation of clopidogrel to its pharmacologically active metabolite. In the in vitro experiments using cDNA-expressed huma
