12114-46-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthetic reactions using metal powders under microwave irradiation
Whittaker,Mingos
, p. 3967 - 3970 (2007/10/03)
Liquid-phase synthetic reactions that require the use of metal powders are widely regarded as being unsuited to heating with microwave radiation, as they tend to exhibit destructive arcing. In a previous paper, we examined the factors that lead to arcing in these systems and, hence, how it may be controlled. This paper describes the application of those findings in a range of microwave-induced syntheses of organometallic and organic compounds, where metal powders are necessary. Although reaction yields were similar to those observed when conventional heating is used, the rapid nature of microwave heating leads to a slight reduction in reaction times.
ELECTROCHEMICAL AND ESR KINETICS STUDIES OF ELECTRON TRANSFER IN THE SYSTEM BIS(η6-ARENE)CHROMIUM(0)/BIS(η6-ARENE)CHROMIUM(I)
Li, T. T.- T.,Brubaker, C.H.
, p. 223 - 234 (2007/10/02)
The self-exchange rates and activation parameters in the (η6-arene2Cr0/(η6-arene)2CrI systems (where arene = toluene, benzene, methoxylbenzene, biphenyl, ethylbenzoate and chlorobenzene) have been measured by the ESR line broadening technique in DMSO solvent.The one-electron reduction was investigated by cyclic voltammetry for the series of substituted complexes of (η6-arene)2CrI.A linear correlation was obtained between the measured E1/2 values and the sum of Hammett parameters, Σ?m.For a series of solvents, a linear relationship between log k (the exchange rate constant of (biph)2Cr0/+1) and (1/n2-1/Ds) where n2 and Ds are the optical and static dielectric constants of the solvent medium, respectively, has been observed.This linearity is predicted by Marcus treatment for outer-sphere electron transfer process.A correlation of the oxidation stability of sandwich compounds with their gas-phase ionization potentials is evident from a linear relationship between the oxidation half-potentials E1/2 (or sum of Hammett Σ?m values) and the gas-phase ionization potentials.
