124508-14-1

Upstream product

• 641-74-7 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol 
• 652-67-5 Isosorbide 
• 24808-18-2 di-O-acetyl-1,4;3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol 
• 3014-56-0 (3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-(benzoyloxy)hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl benzoate 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 2914-23-0 barium methoxide 
• 54522-28-0 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-di-O-p-tosyl-D-iditol 
• 470-15-5 α-L-sorbopyranose 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 48107-55-7 (3R,3aR,6S,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diamine 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 488-45-9 L-iditol 
• 7664-93-9 sulfuric acid 
• 50-70-4 D-sorbitol 

Downstream Products

• 3014-56-0 (3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-6-(benzoyloxy)hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl benzoate 
• 24808-19-3 (3S,3aS,6S,6aS)-6-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl methanesulfonate 
• 54522-28-0 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-di-O-p-tosyl-D-iditol 
• 1201908-67-9 (3S,3aS,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxyhexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 
• 1353755-28-8 2,5-(benzylimino)-2,5-dideoxy-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol 
• 103536-93-2 5-O-Allyl-isosorbide 
• 103536-93-2 2-O-Allyl-isosorbide 
• 6338-34-7 (3R,3aS,6S,6aS)-3,6-Bis-allyloxy-hexahydro-furo[3,2-b]furan 
• 103536-93-2 2-O-Allyl-isomannide 
• 6338-34-7 (3S,3aS,6S,6aS)-3,6-Bis-allyloxy-hexahydro-furo[3,2-b]furan 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Unravelling the Mechanism of the Ru/C-Catalysed Isohexide and Ether Isomerization by Hydrogen Isotope Exchange

In this article we show that the catalytic isomerization of isohexide sugar alcohols as well as their respective ethers can occur by a hydride-based mechanism rather than a dehydrogenation/re-hydrogenation. C?H bonds in α-position to hydroxy and ether groups are activated using Ru/C as solid catalyst at temperatures as high as 160 °C and above. Hydrogen isotope exchange experiments proved that a full hydride exchange and isomerization is possible for isohexides but unexpectedly also for their methyl ethers. This is of great importance as it proves the co-existence of the both mechanisms for reactions that were so far assumed to occur solely by a dehydrogenation/re-hydrogenation. Hence, this co-existence should be taken into account for kinetic investigations of such reaction systems especially in the conversion of biomass-based chemicals under hydrogenation conditions. (Figure presented.).

D-Isomannide in synthesis: Asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions with novel homochiral bis-imine Cu2+-catalysts

The synthesis of a set of novel homochiral bis-imine ligands 4 derived from D-isomannide 6, and their application in the Cu2+-catalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and N-tert-crotonoyloxazolidinone 1 is reported.

THE STRUCTURE OF ADDUCTS OF THE THREE DIASTEREOISOMERIC 1,4:3,6-DIANHYDROHEXITOLS AND LANTHANIDE CHELATES IN ACETONE

Gd(dpm)3 induced 1H and 13C relaxation rate enhancements showed that 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (containing both a threo and an erythro -O-C-C-OH moiety) acts as a bidentate ligand for Gd(dpm)3.Coordination occurs selectively with the erythro -O-C-C-OH moiety, involving the endohydroxyl group at C5 and the neighbouring ether oxygen.From a comparison of the Eu(fod)3 induced 1H shifts of 1,4:3.6-dianhydro-D-glucitol with those of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol it is concluded that the mannitol derivative (containing two erythro -O-C-C-OH moieties) forms analogous adducts, whereas the iditol derivative (containing two threo -O-C-C-OH moeities) has a low association constant.

Synthesis of isoidide through epimerization of isosorbide using ruthenium on carbon

A highly efficient procedure for obtaining resin-grade isoidide through catalytic epimerization of isosorbide using a ruthenium- on-carbon (Ru/C) catalyst is reported. A comprehensive reaction- parameter variation study involving substrate concentration, catalyst (type of metal, support, and loading), initial pH value, hydrogen pressure, solvent, and reaction temperature demonstrates that superior performance and high selectivity can be achieved. Epimerization of isosorbide in water (pH 8) at 220 °C, under 40 bar of hydrogen, and using a Ru/C catalyst (5% Ru) for 2 h results in a thermodynamic equilibrium mixture containing 55% isoidide, 40% isosorbide, and 5% isomannide. In comparison with previously reported nickel-based catalysts, the Ru/C catalyst is advantageous because it is highly active (as low as 360 ppm Ru) and recyclable. High purity isoidide is obtained by high-vacuum distillation of an equilibrium mixture on a 200 g scale. The high substrate loading (50 wt% in water), high selectivity, and the possibility for substrate reuse makes this procedure highly atom efficient and therefore, highly attractive for industrial use.

Direct Amination of Isohexides via Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology: Regio- and Stereoselective Issues

The regio and diastereoselective direct mono or diamination of bio-based isohexides (isosorbide and isomannide) has been developed through borrowing hydrogen (BH) methodology using a cooperative catalysis between an iridium complex and a Br?nsted acid. The access to chiral amino-alcohol (NH2-OH) and diamine (NH2-NH2), interesting optically pure bio-based monomers, was also proposed using BH strategy as a sustainable route for their obtention.

One-Pot Preparation of Dimethyl Isosorbide from d-Sorbitol via Dimethyl Carbonate Chemistry

Direct synthesis of dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) from d-sorbitol via dimethyl carbonate (DMC) chemistry is herein first reported. High yield of DMI was achieved using the nitrogen superbase 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as catalyst and performing the reaction in a stainless steel autoclave by increasing the temperature from 90 to 200 °C. In this procedure, DMC features its full capacity acting in the different steps of the process as carboxymethylating, leaving-group (cyclization), and methylating agent; DMC is also employed as the reaction media.

Is water a suitable solvent for the catalytic amination of alcohols?

The catalytic conversion of biomass and biogenic platform chemicals typically requires the use of solvents. Water is present already in the raw materials and in most cases a suitable solvent for the typically highly polar substrates. Hence, the development of novel catalytic routes for further processing would profit from the optimization of the reaction conditions in the aqueous phase mainly for energetic reasons by avoiding the initial water separation. Herein, we report the amination of biogenic alcohols in aqueous solutions using solid Ru-based catalysts and ammonia as a reactant. The influence of different support materials and bimetallic catalysts is investigated for the amination of isomannide as a biogenic diol. Most importantly, the transferability of the reaction conditions to various other primary and secondary alcohols is successfully proved. Hence, water appears to be a suitable solvent for the sustainable production of biogenic amines and offers great potential for further process development.

ISOIDIDE MANUFACTURE AND PURIFICATION

Methods are provided for the conversion of isosorbide to isoidide, wherein the isosorbide contains sorbitan impurities. The impurities in the isosorbide subjected to epimerization are converted to hydrodeoxygenation products. A method for synthesizing isoidide, comprising, providing an isosorbide containing one or more sorbitans; and, epimerizing the isosorbide to form an epimerization product comprising isoidide and hydrodeoxygenation products.

METHOD OF MAKING ISOIDIDE

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of isoidide from isosorbide. An aqueous solution of isosorbide is subjected to epimerization in the presence of hydrogen under the influence of a catalyst comprising ruthenium on a support, preferably a carbon support. The process of the invention can be conducted using a relatively low hydrogen pressure, and leads to a desired distribution of epimers, favoring isoidide over isomannide and isosorbide.

Sustainable polyacetals from isohexides

A single step synthetic protocol to access a small family of renewable diacetals was established. The resultant chiral diacetals are valuable building blocks in pharmaceuticals and materials science. To demonstrate their synthetic competence, isohexide-diacetals (2a-c) were subjected to acetal metathesis polymerization and the corresponding polymers (poly2a-c) were isolated as white solids with molecular weights in the range 3200-27 600 (g mol-1). The semi-crystalline polymers displayed glass transition temperatures between 38-65 °C and melting temperatures in the range 103-156 °C. The isohexide derived polyacetals are stable under practical washing and rinsing conditions but degrade in slightly acidic media. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.