133489-47-1

Upstream product

• 63-91-2 L-phenylalanine 
• 7524-50-7 methyl (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate hydrochloride 
• 51987-73-6 (S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-phenyl-propionic acid methyl ester 
• 114744-85-3 [(S)-1-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-carbamic acid benzyl ester 
• 1161-13-3 N-Cbz-L-Phe 
• 13734-34-4 N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine 
• 87694-53-9 Boc-Phe-OH N,O-dimethyl hydroxamate 

Downstream Products

• 186961-76-2 ((S)-1-{(S)-1-[(S)-1-(Methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-2-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl]-3-methyl-butylcarbamoyl}-3-methyl-butyl)-carbamic acid benzyl ester 
• 883973-28-2 2-(3-isopropyl-ureido)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-3-phenyl-propionamide 
• 925913-34-4 Cbz-Trp-Trp-Phe-N-methyl-O-methylhydroxylamine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and antiproteasomal activity of novel O-benzyl salicylamide-based inhibitors built from leucine and phenylalanine

Inhibition of protein degradation is one of strategies for suppression of uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. Proteolytic degradation in cells is mainly ensured by proteasome and its inhibition by bortezomib showed benefit in clinical use for the treatment of multiple myeloma. We report here the library of antiproteasomal O-benzyl salicylamides built from leucine and phenylalanine. Prepared compounds displayed antiproliferative activity on K562, CEM and U266 cancer cell lines, ranging from high micromolar to submicromolar GI50 values. The most potent compounds (series 4 and 6) were further assayed for their inhibition of chymotrypsin-like protease activity of the 26S proteasome in U266 cells. The majority of compounds inhibited the proteasome in mid-nanomolar concentrations (IC50 ranging from 57 to 197 nM) and it correlated with cellular potency. In a cell based assay involving green fluorescence protein (GFP) fused to a short degron that is rapidly degraded by a proteasome the compounds induced accumulation of GFP, visualised and quantified by live-cell imaging. Levels of polyubiquitinated proteins in U266 cells treated by compound 4m were also analyzed by immunoblotting, revealing a typical high molecular mass smear of ubiquitin conjugates. Finally, apoptotic cell death in treated U266 cells was detected biochemically by measuring the activity of caspases 3 and 7 in lysates and by immunoblotting of caspase 7, its substrate poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, and Mcl-1, which all together showed changes typical for apoptosis. All these observations were in agreement with expected cellular mechanism of action and confirmed proteasome targeting by prepared O-benzyl salicylamides.

Photoregulation of α-Chymotrypsin Activity by Spiropyran-Based Inhibitors in Solution and Attached to an Optical Fiber

Here the synthesis and characterization of a new class of spiropyran-based protease inhibitor is reported that can be reversibly photoswitched between an active spiropyran (SP) isomer and a less active merocyanine (MC) isomer upon irradiation with UV and

Probing α-Amino Aldehydes as Weakly Acidic Pronucleophiles: Direct Access to Quaternary α-Amino Aldehydes by an Enantioselective Michael Addition Catalyzed by Br?nsted Bases

The high tendency of α-amino aldehydes to undergo 1,2-additions and their relatively low stability under basic conditions have largely prevented their use as pronucleophiles in the realm of asymmetric catalysis, particularly for the production of quaternary α-amino aldehydes. Herein, it is demonstrated that the chemistry of α-amino aldehydes may be expanded beyond these limits by documenting the first direct α-alkylation of α-branched α-amino aldehydes with nitroolefins. The reaction produces densely functionalized products bearing up to two, quaternary and tertiary, vicinal stereocenters with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. DFT modeling leads to the proposal that intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the NH group and the carbonyl oxygen atom in the starting α-amino aldehyde is key for reaction stereocontrol.

Convenient Synthesis of Alternatively Bridged Tryptophan Ketopiperazines and Their Activities against Trypanosomatid Parasites

There is an urgent need for the development of new treatments against trypanosomatid parasites; the causative agents of some of the most debilitating diseases in the developing world. This work targets an interesting 6-5-6-6 fused carboline scaffold, accessing a range of substituted derivatives through stereospecific intramolecular Pictet–Spengler condensation. Modification of the cyclisation conditions allowed retention of the carbamate protecting group and gave insight into the reaction mechanism. Compounds’ bioactivities were measured against T. brucei, T. cruzi, L. major and HeLa cells. We have identified promising pan-trypanocidal lead compounds based on the core scaffold, and highlight key SAR trends which will be useful for the future development of these compounds as potent trypanocidal agents.

Bis-Cyclic Guanidines as a Novel Class of Compounds Potent against Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) symptoms range from diarrhea to severe toxic megacolon and even death. Due to its rapid acquisition of resistance, C. difficile is listed as an urgent antibiotic-resistant threat, and has surpassed methicillin-resista

Bifunctional amino sulfonohydrazide catalyzed direct asymmetric mannich reaction of cyclic ketimines with ketones: Highly diastereo-and enantioselective construction of quaternary carbon stereocenters

A bifunctional amino sulfonohydrazide which contains multiple sites for hydrogen bonding with substrates was found to enhance reactivity and enantioselectivity in the direct asymmetric Mannich reaction of N-sulfonyl cyclic ketimines with ketones. In this efficient transformation, not only methyl ketones but also cyclic ketones can be employed to provide a general methodology to construct tetrasubstituted α-amino ester in a stereoselective manner. The synthetic utility of a substituted amino ester product is demonstrated by the synthesis of biologically active spirotetrahydrofuran.

Chemical probes to study ADP-ribosylation: Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of inhibitors of the human ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD3/PARP3

The racemic 3-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-N-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl] propanamide, 1, has previously been identified as a potent but unselective inhibitor of diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (ARTD3). Herein we describe synthesis and evaluation of 55 compounds in this class. It was found that the stereochemistry is of great importance for both selectivity and potency and that substituents on the phenyl ring resulted in poor solubility. Certain variations at the meso position were tolerated and caused a large shift in the binding pose. Changes to the ethylene linker that connects the quinazolinone to the amide were also investigated but proved detrimental to binding. By combination of synthetic organic chemistry and structure-based design, two selective inhibitors of ARTD3 were discovered.

Proteasome inhibition by peptide-semicarbazones

Peptide-semicarbazones derived from Z-Trp-Trp-Phe-aldehyde inhibit the chymotryptic activity of the human proteasome at nanomolar concentrations, but are less active in a NFκB reporter gene assay. Cyclic semicarbazones, in contrast, combine a strong inhib

A novel series of urea-based peptidomimetic calpain inhibitors

A series of peptide aldehyde derivatives in which the P2 chiral carbon has been replaced with nitrogen were synthesized as urea-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of μ-calpain. The compounds mirrored the general SAR of peptidyl aldehyde calpain inhibitors but displayed greater selectivity for μ-calpain over cathepsin B.

A practical approach to the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles from amino acids

(Matrix presented) A new sequence for the synthesis of various 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles from α-amino acids is reported. The method is shown to be general and incorporates the reagent combination, triphenylphosphine/hexachloroethane, for cyclodehydration of intermediate α-acylamino aldehydes. Implementation of this reagent system for the conversion of α-acylamino ketones to oxazoles is briefly investigated.