13885-13-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Cleavage of the diketonitrile derivative of the herbicide isoxaflutole by extracellular fungal oxidases
Mougin,Boyer,Caminade,Rama
, p. 4529 - 4534 (2000)
Isoxaflutole is a herbicide activated in soils and plants to its diketonitrile derivative, the active herbicide principle. The diketonitrile derivative undergoes cleavage to the inactive benzoic acid analogue. In this paper, it is established that an oxidative mechanism implicating two successive reactions in the presence of dimethyldioxirane can chemically initiate the cleavage of the diketonitrile. It is also shown that two white rot strains, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor, are able to convert the diketonitrile to the acid when cultured in liquid media. This main metabolite amounts to 24.6 and 15.1% of initial herbicide content after 12-15 days of culture. Another polar metabolite represents a time course similar to that of diketonitrile degradation. Purified laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), in the presence of 2 mM 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) acting as a redox mediator at pH 3 supports the reaction with rates of 0.3-0.4 nmol h-1 unit-1.
2-Cyclopropaneglyoxylic Acid: a Probe for the Mechanism of Hydrogen Transfer by Lactate Dehydrogenase and by N-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
Nonhebel, Derek C.,Orszulik, Stefan T.,Suckling, Colin J.
, p. 1146 - 1147 (1982)
Reduction of cyclopropaneglyoxylic acid by lactate dehydrogenase and by model systems for both lactate and alcohol dehydrogenases occurs without cleavage of the three-membered ring implying that radical intermediates are improbable in these reactions.
Facile Synthesis of γ-Butenolides and Maleic Anhydrides via Annulation of α-Keto Acids and Triazenyl Alkynes
Bao, Xiaodong,Zeng, Linwei,Jin, Jian,Cui, Sunliang
, p. 2821 - 2830 (2022/02/14)
A facile synthesis of γ-butenolides and maleic anhydrides via annulation of α-keto acids and triazenyl alkynes is described. In this process, α-keto acids and triazenyl alkynes could undergo a self-catalyzed annulation at room temperature to deliver γ-butenolides efficiently, while the further addition of BF3-Et2O furnished maleic anhydrides. Overall, these processes have mild reaction conditions, broad scope, and high efficiency.
Synthesis and pharmacological in vitro investigations of novel shikonin derivatives with a special focus on cyclopropane bearing derivatives
Kretschmer, Nadine,Hufner, Antje,Durchschein, Christin,Popodi, Katrin,Rinner, Beate,Lohberger, Birgit,Bauer, Rudolf
, p. 1 - 25 (2021/03/15)
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and accounts for about three quarters of all skin cancer deaths. Especially at an advanced stage, its treatment is challenging, and survival rates are very low. In previous studies, we showed that the constitu
Photoinduced homolytic decarboxylative acylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes with α-keto acid under external oxidant and photocatalyst free conditions: access to quinazolinone derivatives
Sun, Bin,Shi, Rongcheng,Zhang, Kesheng,Tang, Xiaoli,Shi, Xiayue,Xu, Jiayun,Yang, Jin,Jin, Can
supporting information, p. 6050 - 6053 (2021/06/21)
A novel and green strategy for the synthesis of acylated quinazolinone derivativesviaphoto-induced decarboxylative cascade radical acylation/cyclization of quinazolinone bearing unactivated alkenes has been developed. The protocol provides a novel route to access acyl radicals from α-keto acids through a self-catalyzed energy transfer process. Most importantly, the reaction proceeded smoothly without any external photocatalyst, additive or oxidant, and could be easily scaled-up in flow conditions with sunlight irradiation.
Ni-Catalyzed C(sp3)–O Arylation of α-Hydroxy Esters
Monteith, John J.,Rousseaux, Sophie A. L.
supporting information, p. 9485 - 9489 (2021/12/09)
A Negishi cross-coupling of α-hydroxy ester derivatives and arylzinc reagents has been developed. This reaction tolerates both primary and secondary C(sp3)–O alcohol precursors and achieves efficient cross-coupling under Ni catalysis without the need for added external metal reductant, photocatalyst, or additives. The arylation of readily accessible C(sp3)–O electrophiles in this operationally simple, rapid, and mild reaction provides a complementary way of accessing desirable α-aryl ester products.
THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR AGONISTS
-
Paragraph 198, (2020/05/19)
Provided herein are novel thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists, e. g., having Formula I, II, or III. Also provided are methods of preparing the novel TR agonists and method of using the novel TR agonists for treating diseases or disorder modulated by TR agonists, such as NAFLD, NASH, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia.
Electrochemical synthesis of enaminones: Via a decarboxylative coupling reaction
Kong, Xianqiang,Liu, Yulong,Lin, Long,Chen, Qianjin,Xu, Bo
supporting information, p. 3796 - 3801 (2019/07/31)
An environmentally benign and efficient electrochemical synthesis of enaminones via a decarboxylative coupling reaction of α-keto acids using n-Bu4NI as a redox catalyst and electrolyte under constant current electrolysis in an undivided cell is reported. A broad vinyl azide substrate scope and high functional group tolerance are observed. A gram-scale reaction further demonstrates the practicability of the protocol. The results of cyclic voltammetry and control experiments indicate that I2 is likely the active species to initiate the oxidative decarboxylation via an acyl hypoiodite intermediate.
HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS
-
Page/Page column 37-38, (2017/03/08)
The present disclosure is generally directed to antiviral compounds, and more specifically directed to combinations of compounds which can inhibit the function of the NS5A protein encoded by Hepatitis C virus (HCV), compositions comprising such combinations, and methods for inhibiting the function of the NS5A protein.
Catalyst-Free Singlet Oxygen-Promoted Decarboxylative Amidation of α-Keto Acids with Free Amines
Xu, Wen-Tao,Huang, Bei,Dai, Jian-Jun,Xu, Jun,Xu, Hua-Jian
supporting information, p. 3114 - 3117 (2016/07/14)
A novel catalyst-free decarboxylative amidation of α-keto acids with amines under mild conditions has been developed. Advantages of the new protocol include avoidance of metal catalysts and high levels of functional group tolerance. In addition, the reaction can be scaled up and shows high chemoselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that singlet oxygen, generated from oxygen under irradiation, is the key promoter for this catalyst-free transformation.
