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Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic amine similar to ephedrine. Its primary mechanism of action is through direct a-adrenergic agonism, but there is also indirect stimulation of norepinephrine release. In November 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Nonprescription Drugs Advisory Committee determined that there is a significant association between PPA and hemorrhagic stroke and recommended that PPA not be considered safe for over-thecounter use. At this time, a letter was issued to manufacturers requesting voluntary removal of PPA from their products. Later, in 2005, the FDA published a Tentative Final Monograph for PPA-containing products proposing Category II status (not generally recognized as safe and effective). To date, no Final Monograph has been released; however, all manufacturers have removed PPA from their products.

14838-15-4 Suppliers

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  • 14838-15-4 Structure
  • Basic information

    1. Product Name: Phenylpropanolamine
    2. Synonyms: PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE;Norpseudoephedrine;(1S,2R)-2-amino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol;(1S,2R)-2-amino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol;(1S,2R)-2-azanyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol;BenzeneMethanol, a-[(1R)-1-aMinoethyl]-, (aS)-rel-;Norefedrine;EOS-62306
    3. CAS NO:14838-15-4
    4. Molecular Formula: C9H13NO
    5. Molecular Weight: 151.21
    6. EINECS: 238-900-2
    7. Product Categories: Amines;Aromatics
    8. Mol File: 14838-15-4.mol
  • Chemical Properties

    1. Melting Point: 101-101.5°
    2. Boiling Point: 273.23°C (rough estimate)
    3. Flash Point: 128.065 °C
    4. Appearance: /
    5. Density: 1.0406 (rough estimate)
    6. Refractive Index: 1.5380 (estimate)
    7. Storage Temp.: N/A
    8. Solubility: N/A
    9. PKA: pKa 9.19(H2O,t =25±0.5,I=0.01)(Approximate)
    10. CAS DataBase Reference: Phenylpropanolamine(CAS DataBase Reference)
    11. NIST Chemistry Reference: Phenylpropanolamine(14838-15-4)
    12. EPA Substance Registry System: Phenylpropanolamine(14838-15-4)
  • Safety Data

    1. Hazard Codes: N/A
    2. Statements: N/A
    3. Safety Statements: N/A
    4. WGK Germany:
    5. RTECS:
    6. HazardClass: N/A
    7. PackingGroup: N/A
    8. Hazardous Substances Data: 14838-15-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

14838-15-4 Usage

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 14838-15-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Norephedrine, also called Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), is a synthetic form of the ephedrine alkaloid. Used in treatment of urinary incontinence in dogs and cats; decongestant nasal. After reports of the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage and other adverse effects, including several deaths, PPA is no longer sold in USA and Canada.
2. The central nervous excitement
3. PPA was used as a nasal decongestant and as an anorectic. Studies have shown benefit in humans for urinary incontinence, and PPA is still used in veterinary medicine for this purpose.

Brand name

A.g.multix;Acutrim;Adistop-f;Amertuss;Amplisiex;Am-tuss liq;Anorexin;Antiadipositum;Apoephedrin;e Aridose;Arm;Bifed-20;Biphetane;Biphetap;Blu-hist;Brocon cr;Bromanate;Bromepaph;Brometapp;Bronco-quintoxil;Cenadex;Chlor-rest;Cinturex;Cletanol;Codimal;Cofpac;Cold cap;Coldecon;Col-decon;Conex-grippe;Contop;Coricidin f;Corsym;Coryztime;Cremacoat;Dalca;Decidex;Decomine;Demazine;Deprecstop;Dexatrim;D-sinus;Efed ii;Eficol;Endal;Endecon;Endex;E-son;Espornade spansule;E-tapp 3;Exyphen;Factus;Fornagest;Fugoa n;Gardax;Ginsopan;Headway;Histade;Histatapp;Hsp 540;Ipercron;Kol-tac;Kontexin;Koryza;Leder;Lipo-sinahist;Lunerin;Mardram;Minus-x;Monatuss;Mucolyt-expecto;Nd-hist;Nectatussin;Neosoldana;Nexaam;Nobese;Norephedrine;Nornatane;Ornacol;Ornatos;Ornex;Pabron nose;Panacorn;Panadyl;Parhist;Partapp;Pholcolix spansule;Pneumidex;Polcimut;Profenade;Propagest;Reduzin;Rhindecon;Rhinergal;Rhinervert;Rhinicept;Rhinidrin;Rhinocap;Rinexin;Rinomar;Rinotussal;Rinurel lictus;Rinurel tablets;Rinutan;Rotabromophen;Rupton;Rynatapp;Rynex;Ryza-gesic;Sacietyl;Scotuss;Secron;Sinacin;Sinudan;Sinu-lets;Sinutab cough l;Spandecon;Srda;Sto-caps;Sulfa-probocon;Symptrol;Taviset;Tinaroc;Totolin;Tricon;Tri-congestic;Triogesic elixir;Triominic;Triotussic;Turbispan;Tussilene-dm;V cold;Veltane;Veltap;Vernate;Vistaminic;Voxin-pg;W 58;X 112 antiadipo;Zerinol;Partuss;Permatrim;Phenapap.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Phenylpropanolamine, a symopathomimetic amine, has been widely available in over-the-counter preparations since 1941. It is one of the most frequently used nasal decongestants and it is a common ingredient in preparations for weight reduction, although doubts have been raised about its usefulness in this indication. It is also used in stress incontinence. Its use has been associated with occasional excessive elevation of blood pressure, especially in hypersensitive individuals.

General Description

Phenylpropanolamine is the N-desmethylanalog of ephedrine and thus has many similar properties.Lacking the N-methyl group, phenylpropanolamine is slightlymore polar, and therefore does not enter the CNS as well asephedrine. This modification gives an agent that has slightlyhigher vasopressive action and lower central stimulatoryaction than ephedrine. Its action as a nasal decongestant ismore prolonged than that of ephedrine. It is orally active.Phenylpropanolamine was a common active component inOTC appetite suppressants and cough and cold medicationsuntil 2001 when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)recommended its removal from such medications, becausestudies showed an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke inyoung women who took the drug.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by subcutaneousroute. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxicfumes of NOx.

Toxicity evaluation

The primary action of PPA is direct a-adrenergic agonism, though it also causes indirect release of norepinephrine at postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals. PPA also has weak β agonistic properties. Hypertension results from α adrenergic mediated vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels. Reflex bradycardia is common. Sympathomimetic effects can produce anxiety, insomnia, agitation, tremor, tachycardia, and mydriasis.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 14838-15-4 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,4,8,3 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 14838-15:
(7*1)+(6*4)+(5*8)+(4*3)+(3*8)+(2*1)+(1*5)=114
114 % 10 = 4
So 14838-15-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.

14838-15-4SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 20, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 20, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name Benzenemethanol, a-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-, (aS)-rel-

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:14838-15-4 SDS

14838-15-4Relevant articles and documents

A modular, low footprint and scalable flow platform for the expedient α-aminohydroxylation of enolizable ketones

Kassin, Victor-Emmanuel H.,Morodo, Romain,Toupy, Thomas,Jacquemin, Isaline,Van Hecke, Kristof,Robiette, Rapha?l,Monbaliu, Jean-Christophe M.

, p. 2336 - 2351 (2021/04/07)

The unique reactivity profile of α-chloronitroso derivatives is expressed to its fullest potential through the development of an integrated, modular and scalable continuous flow process for the electrophilic α-aminohydroxylation of various enolizable ketones. Flow conditions contribute to mitigating the high reactivity and toxicity of α-chloronitroso derivatives and provide an efficient, versatile and safe protocol for the α-aminohydroxylation of ketones with a minimal footprint. Fundamental aspects of the α-aminohydroxylation process were computed by DFT and further supported the experimental observations, hence leading to the unprecedented α-chloronitroso-based α-aminohydroxylation of primary, secondary and tertiary substrates. Recycling of the carbon backbone of the α-chloronitroso derivatives provides a high atom economy for the preparation of value-added molecules. This work showcases α-chloronitroso derivatives as economic and efficient vehicles for transferring electrophilic synthons of hydroxylamine toward nucleophilic enolates. A representative range of precursors and analogs of pharmaceutical active ingredients, including WHO essentials and drugs in shortage (such as epinephrine and ketamine), are prepared within minutes according to a fully concatenated process. The process features sequential modules with distinct unit operations including chemical transformations and multiple in-line extractions. The process relies on an upstream chemical Generator that manages the preparation of α-chloronitroso derivatives and that feeds downstream a series of α-aminohydroxylation modules. The setup is amenable to the addition of libraries of compounds for feeding upstream the process of discovery in medicinal chemistry and is transposable to pilot scale. Several layers of in-line analytical procedures are featured to improve process control and safety.

Chiral-Organotin-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Vicinal Amino Alcohols

Yang, Hui,Zheng, Wen-Hua

, p. 16177 - 16180 (2019/11/03)

A highly efficient kinetic resolution of racemic amino alcohols has been achieved for the first time with a chiral tin catalyst. A chiral organotin compound with 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl groups at the 3,3′-positions of the binaphthyl framework enabled this transformation with excellent yield and high enantioselectivity. The process tolerates aryl- and alkyl-substituted amino alcohols and a variety of other substrates, affording the corresponding products in high enantioselectivity and with s factors up to >500.

Regio- and stereoselective multi-enzymatic aminohydroxylation of β-methylstyrene using dioxygen, ammonia and formate

Corrado, Maria L.,Knaus, Tanja,Mutti, Francesco G.

supporting information, p. 6246 - 6251 (2019/12/03)

We report an enzymatic route for the formal regio- and stereoselective aminohydroxylation of β-methylstyrene that consumes only dioxygen, ammonia and formate; carbonate is the by-product. The biocascade entails highly selective epoxidation, hydrolysis and hydrogen-borrowing alcohol amination. Thus, β-methylstyrene was converted into 1R,2R and 1S,2R-phenylpropanolamine in 59-63% isolated yields, and up to >99.5 : 0.5 dr and er.

Direct catalytic synthesis of unprotected 2-amino-1-phenylethanols from alkenes by using iron(II) phthalocyanine

Legnani, Luca,Morandi, Bill

supporting information, p. 2248 - 2251 (2016/02/18)

Aryl-substituted amino alcohols are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and natural products. Herein, we report that an exceptionally simple and inexpensive FeII complex efficiently catalyzes the direct transformation of simple alkenes into unprotected amino alcohols in good yield and perfect regioselectivity. This new catalytic method was applied in the expedient synthesis of bioactive molecules and could be extended to aminoetherification.

Charge-transfer interactions: An efficient tool for recycling bis(oxazoline)-copper complexes in asymmetric henry reactions

Didier, Dorian,Magnier-Bouvier, Caroline,Schulz, Emmanuelle

supporting information; experimental part, p. 1087 - 1095 (2011/07/09)

An anthracenyl-modified chiral bis(oxazoline) copper complex has been demonstrated to efficiently promote nitroaldol reactions between structurally varying aldehydes and nitromethane or nitroethane. The catalyst was recovered through formation of a charge transfer complex between the chiral ligand and trinitrofluorenone and its subsequent precipitation with pentane. The efficiency of this procedure was proved through several consecutive catalytic cycles that allowed the sturdy formation of the expected product with a high enantioselectivity. The catalyst′s stability was also put to the test in an original multi-substrate procedure. Following the same recovery concept, a new heterogeneous procedure was tested for which trinitrofluorenone was covalently linked to a silica support. Asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis was performed under these conditions as one of the few examples demonstrating the potential catalyst recycling in nitroaldol reactions through reversible, non-covalent interactions. Copyright

MAO inhibition by arylisopropylamines: The effect of oxygen substituents at the β-position

Osorio-Olivares, Mauricio,Rezende, Marcos Caroli,Sepulveda-Boza, Silvia,Cassels, Bruce K.,Fierro, Angelica

, p. 4055 - 4066 (2007/10/03)

Twenty-nine arylisopropylamines, substituted at the β-position of their side chain by an oxo, hydroxy, or methoxy group, were evaluated in vitro as MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. The oxo derivatives ('cathinones') were in general less active as MAO-A inhibitors than the corresponding arylisopropylamines, but exhibited an interesting MAO-B inhibiting activity, which was absent in the hydroxy, methoxy, and β-unsubstituted analogues. These results suggest that selective affinity for the two MAO isoforms in this family of compounds is modulated not only by the aryl substitution pattern but also by the side-chain substituents on the arylalkylamine scaffold.

Chemistry of N-Boc-N-tert-butylthiomethyl-protected alpha-aminoorganostannanes: diastereoselective synthesis of primary beta-amino alcohols from alpha-aminoorganostannanes.

Ncube, Adela,Park, Sheldon B,Chong, J Michael

, p. 3625 - 3636 (2007/10/03)

Reaction of N-Boc-N-tert-butylthiomethyl-protected alpha-aminoorganostannanes with n-BuLi generates the corresponding alpha-aminoorganolithiums. Reactions of these organolithiums with aromatic aldehydes provides N-protected beta-amino alcohols with diastereoselectivities up to >99:1 anti/syn; with aliphatic aldehydes, diastereoselectivities were typically 1:1. Diastereoselectivities varied depending on the amount of aldehyde used. The N-protected beta-amino alcohols could be deprotected to primary amines by treatment with NaH to generate oxazolidinones followed by basic hydrolysis. Alternatively, treatment of the protected amino alcohols with acid furnished cyclic acetals that could be deprotected to primary amines with BF(3).OEt(2) and HS(CH(2))(3)SH. Transmetalation of enantiomerically enriched organostannanes with n-BuLi at -95 degrees C provided organolithiums that, although less configurationally stable than N-Boc-N-methyl-protected alpha-aminoorganolithiums, could be trapped with aldehydes with near-complete retention of configuration.

Toward an optimal joint recognition of the s1′ subsites of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and neutral endopeptidase (NEP)

Inguimbert, Nicolas,Coric, Pascale,Poras, Hervé,Meudal, Hervé,Teffot, Franck,Fournié-Zaluski, Marie-Claude,Roques, Bernard P.

, p. 1477 - 1486 (2007/10/03)

The formation of vasoconstrictors (e.g., angiotensin II and endothelin) and the inactivation of vasodilators (e.g., bradykinin and atrial natriuretic) by membrane-bound zinc metallopeptidases are key mechanisms in the control of blood pressure and fluid h

Convenient methods for the hydrolysis of oxazolidinones to vicinal aminoalcohols

Katz, Steven J,Bergmeier, Stephen C

, p. 557 - 559 (2007/10/03)

We have developed two convenient methods for hydrolysis of 2-oxazolidinones to the corresponding vicinal aminoalcohols. N-Substituted oxazolidinones can be readily hydrolyzed using Dowex 1×8-100 resin. N-Unsubstituted oxazolidinones cannot be hydrolyzed using Dowex resins but are effectively hydrolyzed using polymer supported ethylenediamine.

β-Amino alcohols from amino acids: Chelation control via Schiff bases

Polt,Peterson

, p. 4985 - 4986 (2007/10/02)

Sequential addition of iBu2AlH and RLi or RMgX to Schiff base esters derived from amino acids provides a simple route to β-amino alcohols. The reaction procedes without racemization, and with high threo selectivity. Several representative sphingosines are synthesized.