151-21-3 Usage
Uses
Used in Detergent and Textile Industries:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as a detergent and textile auxiliary due to its strong cleaning and emulsifying capabilities. It is particularly effective in the textile industry as a wetting agent and detergent, helping to clean and process fabrics more efficiently.
Used in Food Industry:
As stipulated by GB 2760-96, SDS is used as a processing aid in the food industry. It serves as a foaming agent, emulsifying agent, and anionic surfactant in the production of cakes, drinks, proteins, fruits, fruit juice, and edible oil.
Used in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products:
SDS is used in the formulation of shampoo and other cosmetic products, as well as wool detergent and detergent for silky class fine fabrics. Its emulsifying and foaming properties make it an ideal ingredient for these products.
Used in Mining and Fire Extinguishing:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is utilized as a mine fire extinguishing agent and a foaming agent for fire extinguishers, thanks to its ability to create stable foams that can effectively suppress fires.
Used in Medical Applications:
SDS is employed as an emulsifying and dispersing agent in the medical field, where it is used to stabilize and disperse various substances in pharmaceutical formulations.
Used in Analytical Chemistry:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as a relatively low-level ion-pairing reagent in analytical chemistry. It is also used as an additive in capillary electrophoresis analysis, typically in molar solutions, and in other analytical techniques such as flow column analysis.
Used in Material Modification:
SDS is used as a raw material for modifying materials, taking advantage of its surfactant properties to enhance the characteristics of various substances.
Used as a Hydrophilic Tablet Lubricant:
In the pharmaceutical industry, sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as a hydrophilic tablet lubricant, improving the flow and processing of tablet formulations.
Used as an Anionic Detergent:
SDS is commonly used as an anionic detergent due to its strong cleaning properties and ability to lower the surface tension of aqueous solutions.
Used as a Wetting Agent and Detergent in the Textile Industry:
In addition to its use as a detergent and textile auxiliary, SDS is also used as a wetting agent and detergent in the textile industry, particularly for electrophoretic separation of proteins and lipids.
Used in Toothpaste Formulation:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an ingredient in toothpaste, where it acts as a foaming agent, contributing to the cleaning and polishing effects of the product.
Anionic surfactants
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant, and is a typical representative of sulphate-based surfactant. It is abbreviated as SDS, and also known as AS, K12, coco alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate and foaming agent. The commercial products are usually white to light yellow crystalline powder. It is non-toxic, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in chloroform and ether, soluble in water, and has good anionic and nonionic complex compatibility. It has good emulsibility, foamability, and foaming, infiltrating, decontaminating and dispersing properties. It is abundant in foams and quickly biodegradable, and has solubility next only to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate (abbreviated as AES). It is not sensitive to alkali and hard water, but its stability is inferior to general sulfonate under acidic conditions and is close to AES. It is not favorable to exceed 95 °C upon long-term heating, and its irritation is at the middle level among surfactants, with an irritation index of 3.3 for a 10% solution, which is higher than AES and lower than sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (abbreviated as LAS). Toxicity LD50 is 1300mg/kg. There is no evidence that this product is carcinogenic, but high doses may indeed irritate the skin. However, in general sanitary products the concentration is limited when used as a forming agent, and is in line with national standards. So there is no need to concern.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a major component of detergent. It is usually used in the DNA extraction process to separate DNA after protein denaturation. It is often misread as sodium dodecyl sulfonate. It is widely used as a foaming agent in toothpaste, soap, shower gel, shampoo, detergent and cosmetics. 95% of personal care products and household cleaning products contain sodium lauryl sulfate.
The above information is edited by the lookchem of Jin Yinxue.
Toxicity
It can be safely used for food, but the content of sodium lauryl sulfate should not be less than 90% (FDA, §172.822, 2000). LD50 is 1288mg/kg (rat, oral).
Sodium dodecyl sulfonate
There is certain universality of confusion and misuse for them, both of which belong to the anionic surfactants and the English abbreviations are both SDS. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (abbreviated as SDS) is also called sodium lauryl sulfate (abbreviated as SLS), belongs to sulfate salt and has a molecular weight of 288.38. It is a white or light yellow crystal, and is easily soluble in water. Sodium dodecyl sulfonate (abbreviated as SDS) belongs to sulfonate, has a molecular weight of 272.38, and differs with the structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate in that it lacks one oxygen atom and the carbon atom is directly connected to the sulfur atom. Please note the difference so as to avoid misuse.
Utilization limitation
(FDA, §172.822, 2000, mg/kg): dry protein 1000; frozen protein 125; liquid protein 125; marshmallow foaming agent used in an amount of 0.5% gelatin; as a surfactant for solid drinks acidified with fumaric acid and juice drinks acidified with fumaric acid, 25; as moisturizers for grease, 10 (amount of grease). According to the regulation of (FDA, §172.210, 2000), it can be used as a citrus fruit surface coating agent, and the amount is limited per GMP.
Chemical property
It is a white to pale yellow powder, has a slight special smell, and is easily soluble in water.
Production method
Sulphur trioxide method: the reaction apparatus is a vertical reactor. At 32 °C nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor through the gas vents at a flow rate of 85.9 L·min-1. At 82.7 kPa lauryl alcohol is introduced at a flow rate of 58 g·min-1. The liquid sulfur trioxide is fed into flash evaporator at 124.1 kPa, the flash temperature is maintained at 100 °C, and sulfur trioxide flow rate is controlled to be 0.907 2 kg·h-1. Sulfated product is then rapidly quenched to 50 °C, injected into the aging device and left for 10 to 20 min, and finally injected into the neutralization kettle and neutralized with a base. The neutralizing temperature is controlled at 50 °C. The material is discharged when the pH value is adjusted to 7 to 8.5, to obtain a liquid product which is spray dried to give a solid product.
Batch method: lauryl alcohol is charged into reaction kettle and pre-heated to 30 °C. Then chlorosulfonic acid 0.03 mol in excess than the theoretical amount is sprayed into the alcohol under high speed agitation. The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 to 35 °C. After the sulfation reaction, it is injected into the neutralization kettle and neutralized with 30% lye to a pH value of 7 to 8.5, and finally bleached with 0.4% (weight) hydrogen peroxide. It is spray dried to give a solid. It can also be formulated into solutions according to quality standard.
Continuous method: the reaction apparatus is tubular reactor. Lauryl alcohol is initially saturated with hydrogen chloride. Lauryl alcohol at a flow rate of 334 g·min-1 and hydrogen chloride at a flow rate of 40.5 g·min-1 are fed into saturation chamber through gauge. Then the solution of lauryl alcohol with hydrogen chloride is fed into reactor at 21.4 °C to react with chlorosulfonic acid. After the reaction is subjected to gas-liquid separation, the sulfated product flows from the bottom of the separator into neutralization kettle. It is neutralized with 30% sodium hydroxide at 50 °C to give a liquid product, which is spray dried to give a solid product.
Production Methods
Sodium lauryl sulfate is prepared by sulfation of lauryl alcohol,
followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
DODECYL SULFATE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also incompatible with cationic materials and with acids with pH below 2.5. Salts, basic, such as DODECYL SULFATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of dust causes sneezing and coughing. Ingestion of large amounts causes irritation of stomach. Dust irritates eyes and may cause burns on prolonged contact. Contact with skin causes some irritation; continued exposure to water solution causes drying out and cracking.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Sodium dodecyl sulfate are not available; however, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is probably combustible.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Sodium lauryl sulfate is an anionic surfactant employed in a wide
range of nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics.It is a detergent and wetting agent effective in both alkaline and
acidic conditions. In recent years it has found application in
analytical electrophoretic techniques: SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is one of the more widely used
techniques for the analysis of proteins; and sodium lauryl sulfate
has been used to enhance the selectivity of micellar electrokinetic
chromatography (MEKC).
Contact allergens
This anionic detergent is widely used in cosmetics and industry. As a skin irritant agent, SLS can be used in several dermatological applications. It is also a good indicator of excited skin during patch testing.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Sodium dodecyl sulphate?(SDS) helps to quickly disrupt the biological membranes. It is usually used as one of the major constituent of several reagents, that are used to purify nucleic acids. SDS can block the activity of RNase and deoxyribonuclease (DNase).
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. A human skin irritant. An experimental eye and severe skin irritant. A mild allergen. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO, and Na2O. See also ESTERS and SULFATES.
Safety
Sodium lauryl sulfate is widely used in cosmetics and oral and
topical pharmaceutical formulations. It is a moderately toxic
material with acute toxic effects including irritation to the skin,
eyes, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, and stomach.
Repeated, prolonged exposure to dilute solutions may cause drying
and cracking of the skin; contact dermatitis may develop.(3)
Prolonged inhalation of sodium lauryl sulfate will damage the
lungs. Pulmonary sensitization is possible, resulting in hyperactive
airway dysfunction and pulmonary allergy. Animal studies have
shown intravenous administration to cause marked toxic effects to
the lung, kidney, and liver. Mutagenic testing in bacterial systems
has proved negative.
Adverse reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate in cosmetics and
pharmaceutical formulations mainly concern reports of irritation to
the skin or eyes following topical application.
Sodium lauryl sulfate should not be used in intravenous
preparations for humans. The probable human lethal oral dose is
0.5–5.0 g/kg body-weight.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.25 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.12 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 1.29 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 0.21 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 0.12 g/kg
storage
Sodium lauryl sulfate is stable under normal storage conditions.
However, in solution, under extreme conditions, i.e. pH 2.5 or
below, it undergoes hydrolysis to lauryl alcohol and sodium
bisulfate.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container
away from strong oxidizing agents in a cool, dry place.
INDEX/GRADE
SPECIFICATION
Active matter
92% min
Petroleum eth soluble substances
1.5% max
Inorganic salts (NaCl+Na
2
SO
4
)
5.5% max
Water
5.0% max
pH value (1% aq. solution)
7.5-9.5
Whiteness (WG)
80 min
Heavy metal
20ppm max
As
3ppm max
Purification Methods
Purify this detergent by Soxhlet extraction with pet ether for 24hours, followed by dissolution in acetone/MeOH/H2O 90:5:5(v/v) and recrystallisation [Politi et al. J Phys Chem 89 2345 1985]. It has been purified by two recrystallisations from absolute EtOH, aqueous 95% EtOH, MeOH, isopropanol or a 1:1 mixture of EtOH/isopropanol to remove dodecanol, and dried under vacuum [Ramesh & Labes J Am Chem Soc 109 3228 1987]. SDS has also been purified by repeatedly foaming whereby a 0.15% aqueous solution is made to foam and the foam is discarded, then the H2O is removed in vacuo and the residue is diluted to the required concentrations [see Cockbain & McMullen Trans Faraday Soc 47 322 1951] or by liquid-liquid extraction [see Harrold J Colloid Sci 15 280 1960]. Dry it over silica gel. For DNA work it should be dissolved in excess MeOH passed through an activated charcoal column and evaporated until it crystallises out. It has also been purified by dissolving in hot 95% EtOH (14mL/g), filtering and cooling, then drying in a vacuum desiccator. Alternatively, it is crystallised from H2O, vacuum dried, washed with anhydrous Et2O and dried in vacuum again. These operations are repeated five times [Maritato J Phys Chem 89 1341 1985, Lennox and McClelland J Am Chem Soc 108 3771 1986, Dressik J Am Chem Soc 108 7567 1986]. [Beilstein 1 IV 1847.]
Incompatibilities
Sodium lauryl sulfate reacts with cationic surfactants, causing loss
of activity even in concentrations too low to cause precipitation.
Unlike soaps, it is compatible with dilute acids and calcium and
magnesium ions.
Sodium lauryl sulfate is incompatible with salts of polyvalent
metal ions, such as aluminum, lead, tin or zinc, and precipitates with
potassium salts. Solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.5–10.0)
are mildly corrosive to mild steel, copper, brass, bronze, and
aluminum.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(dental preparations; oral capsules, suspensions, and tablets; topical
and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines
licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable
Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 151-21-3 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,5 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 151-21:
(5*1)+(4*5)+(3*1)+(2*2)+(1*1)=33
33 % 10 = 3
So 151-21-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C24H50O4S.Na/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-27-29(25,26)28-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2;/h3-24H2,1-2H3;/q;+1
151-21-3Relevant articles and documents
A method for the production of sulfate or sulfonate esters
-
Paragraph 0036, (2015/03/31)
The present invention relates to method for the production of sulfate or sulfonate esters essentially comprising the steps of adding sulfuric acid or sulfonic acid to boron acid in a medium with or without solvent (121), stirring the prepared mixture 8122), removing the precipitated boric acid (123), removing the solvent in case the solvent is used (124), producing dialkyl sulfate esters, mono alkyl sulfate esters and sulfonate esters of alkali metal salts (125), and based on the acidolysis of boron esters obtained from alcohol and boric acid with sulfuric acid or sulfonic acid.
Structural characterization of solid trivalent metal dodecyl sulfates: From aqueous solution to lamellar superstructures
Pereira, Rui F. P.,Valente, Artur J. M.,Burrows, Hugh D.,De Zea Bermudez, Veronica,Carvalho, Rui A.,Castro, Ricardo A. E.
, p. 1420 - 1433 (2013/03/13)
Metal dodecyl sulfates of trivalent aluminium, chromium, lanthanum and gadolinium were prepared by addition of the corresponding salts to aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate at the natural pH (ca. 6). Using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, DSC, thermogravimetry and polarizing light thermomicroscopy it is shown that metal dodecyl sulfates are formed with lamellar structures. These have different degrees of hydration, which depend upon the metal ion. In some cases there is evidence for coexistence of different lamellar phases. The metal is strongly bound electrostatically to the sulfate group, and although the alkyl chain is in an extended conformation, there are suggestions of local disordering of the methylene groups adjacent to the anionic head group. SEM with an EDS probe on the trivalent metal complexes shows a 1:3 ratio at the surface identical to the bulk structure. Studies by SEM and AFM provide evidence of periodicity, which is likely to be induced by the lamellar, layered structures. Differences are observed in the thermal behavior, which appear to reflect both the coordination behavior of the metal ion and the degree of hydration.
Compositions and Methods Incorporating Photocatalysts
-
, (2009/12/05)
The various embodiments provide a composition including an active material having functional groups capable of covalent attachment to a substrate in the presence of an acid or a base, a photocatalyst capable of generating an acid or a base upon exposure to light, and a vehicle. The compositions may also include surfactants, emulsifiers, oxidants, and other components. A method for treating a substrate is also disclosed. The method includes the steps of applying at least one active material having functional groups to the substrate, applying a photocatalyst to the substrate, and exposing the photocatalyst and the at least one active material to light for forming covalent attachments between the functional groups and constituent groups on the substrate. The compositions and methods described herein are useful in personal care product and consumer care product applications, for example.
Aqueous Cosmetic Composition, Especially for Use as Moisturizing Lotions
-
, (2009/08/16)
The invention relates to the use of an aqueous composition comprising at least one surface-active agent in the form of bilayers and exhibiting a structure of sponge phase type as cosmetic composition or for the preparation of a cosmetic composition. It also relates to aqueous compositions, in particular lotions, in the sponge phase form including at least one cosmetic active agent or one cosmetic additive. It also relates to a method for the cosmetic care of the skin or superficial body growths, in particular for the purpose of moisturizing them, and/or to a method intended to give fragrance to the skin or superficial body growths.
Skin Care Cosmetic Cream/Scrub Product
-
, (2009/06/27)
A series of cosmetic scrubs and creams, some containing coffee, have the ability to moisturize, soften, scrub and revitalize body parts, create natural tanning qualities, and sooth itch from burns and bug bites.
A formulation for broad-range disinfection including prion decontamination
-
, (2009/07/10)
The present invention relates to a formulation for broad-range disinfection including prion decontamination, uses thereof, to a kit and to a method for prion decontaminating and/or disinfecting an object.
The hydrolysis of C12 primary alkyl sulfates in concentrated aqueous solutions. Part 1. General features, kinetic form and mode of catalysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate hydrolysis
Bethell,Fessey,Namwindwa,Roberts
, p. 1489 - 1495 (2007/10/03)
As part of an investigation into the observed rapid hydrolysis of sodium primary alkyl sulfates in commercial concentrated aqueous mixtures (typically 70% by weight of surfactant) at 80 °C, the rate of hydrolysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water has been followed acidimetrically over a wide range of initial SDS concentrations in aqueous buffers, in the presence of added sulfuric acid (0.20 mol kg-1) and also in unbuffered, initially neutral solution. First order rate coefficients derived from the initial rates of sulfuric acid-catalysed reactions showed unexpected, non-monotonic variations with increasing initial [SDS] at constant [H2SO4] and with [H2SO4] at 70% SDS. Reactions in initially neutral solutions were found to have an autocatalytic form arising from the existence of both an uncatalysed and an acid catalysed pathway from reactants to products. Both pathways are characterised by rate coefficients (derived by computer simulation of the initial phase of the hydrolysis) that vary with the initial [SDS]; those for the acid-catalysed pathway show similar but less dramatic variation than observed in reactions in the presence of sulfuric acid. Possible reasons for the difference in behaviour are discussed. The autocatalysis observed in initially neutral solutions is shown to arise from the production of hydrogen sulfate ions during the hydrolysis, but experiments in buffer solutions at both high and low SDS concentrations show the characteristics of specific hydrogen ion catalysis. Solvent kinetic deuterium isotope effects on both pathways are, however, small. Examination of the dodecanol produced by SDS hydrolysis at low and high initial concentrations in18O-enriched water showed no incorporation of the label, signifying exclusive S-O cleavage in the acid-catalysed pathway. It is argued that the results, taken in conjunction with literature data, are consistent with an SN2 displacement of sulfate ion by water in the uncatalysed hydrolysis pathway. While, for the hydrogen ion catalysed pathway, a previously suggested unimolecular cleavage of SO3 from dodecyl hydrogen sulfate, with concerted intramolecular proton transfer, appears more consistent with the observations, proton transfer concerted with direct transfer of SO3 to a preassociated water molecule is a plausible alternative.
The association of an ionic surfactants with β-cyclodextrin. An isothermal titration calorimeter study
Eli, Wumanjiang,Chen, Wenhai,Xue, Qunji
, p. 1283 - 1296 (2007/10/03)
The association of a series of anionic surfactants (CnH2n+1SO4Na, n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14) with β-cyclodextrin was studied by means of the isothermal titration calorimeter (i.t.c.) at T = 298.15 K. For these types of inclusion complexes, the results agreed well with a 1:1 association mode. Apparent values for the association constants, and changes in the standard molar Gibbs energies, enthalpies, and entropies were derived for the association process. The results indicated that the association of surfactants with β-cyclodextrin is characterized by both favourable enthalpy and favourable entropy changes. The results also demonstrated that the longer the alkyl chain of the anionic surfactant, the greater the association constant with β-cyclodextrin.
Method for virus inactivation in the presence of polyalkylene glycol as well as the pharmaceutical preparation obtained therewith
-
, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to a pharmaceutical preparation comprising a plasma protein wherein said preparation is free of infectious agents as well as essentially free of denaturation products and is obtainable by a method that encompasses the following steps: a) addition of a polyether and a chaotropic agent to a solution comprising the plasma protein, optional lyophilization of the solution; b) inactivation of infectious agents in the presence of the polyether by a physio-chemical or chemical treatment, and c) removal of the polyether and the chaotropic agent.
Cosmetic composition for the hair containing a wax microdispersion and a process for treating the hair using the composition
-
, (2008/06/13)
A cosmetic composition for the hair contains a wax dispersion in a liquid vehicle. The dispersed phase is a stable microdispersion of particles of wax having a size lower than 500 nm and an end melting point greater than 60° C. and lower than 100° C. The composition contains from 0.1 to 40 weight percent wax, form 0.01 to 25 weight percent anionic or nonionic emulsifier and at least 35 weight percent water. The composition does not contain a cationic surfactant.
F:Flammable;
