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143-07-7

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143-07-7 Usage

Chemical properties

Colorless needle-like crystals. Soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in acetone and petroleum ether.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 143-07-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. 1. lauric acid Used for the preparation of alkyd resins, as well as wetting agents, detergents and pesticides 2. Used for peeling vegetables and fruits with a maximum amount of 3.0g/kg. 3. Used as defoamer; GB 2760-86 provides for the spices allowed to use; used for the preparation of other food grade additives. 4. lauric acid is widely used in the surfactant industry and can be, according to the classification of surfactants, divided into cationic, anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric type. The surfactants types of dodecanoic acid are listed in the attached table of this item. Some surfactants of the derivatives of dodecanoic acid and dodecanol are also antiseptics, such as dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (geramine), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide (bromo-geramine) and dodecyl dimethyl (2-phenoxyethyl) ammonium bromide (domiphen bromide). The dodecyldimethyllammonium-2,4,5-trichlorophenolate in these derivatives can be used as citrus preservative. Dodecanoic acid also has many applications in plastic additives, food additives, spices and pharmaceutical industries.
2. Intermediates of Liquid Crystals
3. Given its foaming properties, the derivatives of lauric acid (h-dodecanoic acid) are widely used as a base in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, and lauryl alcohol. Lauric acid is a common constituent of vegetable fats, especially coconut oil and laurel oil. It may have a synergistic effect in a formula to help fight against mircoorganisms. It is a mild irritant but not a sensitizer, and some sources cite it as comedogenic.
4. Lauric Acid is a fatty acid obtained from coconut oil and other veg- etable fats. it is practically insoluble in water but is soluble in alco- hol, chloroform, and ether. it functions as a lubricant, binder, and defoaming agent.

What Is Lauric Acid?

Lauric acid is a medium-length long-chain fatty acid, or lipid, that makes up about half of the fatty acids within coconut oil. It’s a powerful substance that is sometimes extracted from the coconut for use in developing monolaurin. Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent that is able to fight bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and other pathogens. Because you can’t ingest lauric acid alone (it’s irritating and not found alone in nature), you’re most likely to get it in the form of coconut oil or from fresh coconuts. Though coconut oil is being studied at a breakneck pace, much of the research doesn’t pinpoint what in the oil is responsible for its reported benefits. Because coconut oil contains much more than just lauric acid, it would be a stretch to credit it with all of the coconut oil benefits. Still, a 2015 analysis suggests that many of the benefits tied to coconut oil are directly linked to lauric acid. Among the benefits, they suggest lauric acid could aid weight loss and even protect against Alzheimer’s disease. Its effects on blood cholesterol levels still need to be clarified. This research suggests that the benefits of lauric acid are due to how the body uses it. The majority of lauric acid is sent directly to the liver, where it’s converted to energy rather than stored as fat. When compared with other saturated fats, lauric acid contributes the least to fat storage.

Including Lauric Acid in Your Diet

Lauric acid can be taken as a supplement, but it is most commonly consumed as part of coconut oil or palm kernel oil. It is considered to be safe based on the amounts generally found in food. According to NYU Langone Medical Center, coconut and palm kernel oil contain up to 15 percent MCTs, along with a number of other fats. However, because they are still pure oil, limit your intake of MCTs to stay within the recommended 5 to 7 teaspoons of oil per day as set out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. You can use coconut and palm kernel oil for stir-fries because both oils withstand high heat. They can also be used in baking, adding a natural richness to your food.

Toxicity

Natural fatty acids, non-toxic. Safe for use in food products (FDA, §172.860, 2000). LD50 12 g/kg (rat, oral).

Usage limits

FEMA (mg/kg): soft drinks 15, cold drinks 16, candy 2.4, baked food 39, pudding class 25, oil 315. GB 2760-1996: fruit and vegetable peeling 3.0g/kg.

Medium-Chain Triglycerides

Medium-chain triglycerides, or fatty acids, such as lauric acid, are characterized by a specific chemical structure that allows your body to absorb them whole. This makes them more easily digestible--your body processes them as it would carbohydrates, and they are used as a source of direct energy. Compared to long-chain triglycerides, the type in other saturated fats, MCTs have fewer calories per serving, roughly 8.3 calories per gram rather than the standard 9 calories per gram, according to an article in "Nutrition Review."

Production methods

1. Industrial production methods can be grouped into two categories: 1) derived from the saponification or high temperature and pressure decomposition of natural vegetable oils and fats; 2) separated from the synthetic fatty acid. Japan mainly uses coconut oil and palm kernel oil as the raw materials for the preparation of lauric acid. The natural vegetable oils used to produce dodecanoic acid include coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and mountain pepper seed oil. Other plants oil, such as palm kernel oil, tea tree seed oil and camphor tree seed oil, can also service industry to produce dodecanoic acid. The residual C12 distillate from the extraction of dodecanoic acid, containing a large number of dodecenoic acid, can be hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure, without catalyst, to convert into dodecanoic acid with a yield of more than 86%. 2. Derived from the separation and purification of coconut oil and other vegetable oil. 3. Lauric acid naturally exists in coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and pepper kernel oil in the form of glyceride. It can be derived from the hydrolysis of natural oils and fats in industry. The coconut oil, water and catalyst are added into the autoclave and hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acid at 250 ℃ under the pressure of 5MPa. The content of dodecanoic acid is 45%~80%, and can be further distilled to obtain dodecanoic acid.

Description

Different sources of media describe the Description of 143-07-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Lauric acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found at high levels in coconut oil. Lauric acid induces the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-1α in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 25 μM.
2. Lauric acid ( systematically: dodecanoic acid ), the saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus falling into the medium chain fatty acids, is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 143-07-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Like many other fatty acids, lauric acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, and is non-toxic and safe to handle. It is mainly used for the production of soaps and cosmetics. For these purposes, lauric acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap. Most commonly, sodium laurate is obtained by saponification of various oils, such as coconut oil. These precursors give mixtures of sodium laurate and other soaps.
2. Lauric acid occurs as a white crystalline powder with a slight odor of bay oil.
3. white solid with a faint odour of bay oil
4. Laurie acid has a fatty odor.
5. Lauric acid has a fatty odor. It is a common constituent of most diets; large doses may produce gastrointestinal upset

Occurrence

Lauric acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty acid content in coconut oil, laurel oil, and in palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil) , Otherwise it is relatively uncommon. It is also found in human breast milk ( 6.2 % of total fat), cow's milk (2.9%), and goat's milk (3.1 %).

Definition

Different sources of media describe the Definition of 143-07-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. ChEBI: A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
2. A white crystalline carboxylic acid, used as a plasticizer and for making detergents and soaps. Its glycerides occur naturally in coconut and palm oils.

Production Methods

Lauric acid is a fatty carboxylic acid isolated from vegetable and animal fats or oils. For example, coconut oil and palm kernel oil both contain high proportions of lauric acid. Isolation from natural fats and oils involves hydrolysis, separation of the fatty acids, hydrogenation to convert unsaturated fatty acids to saturated acids, and finally distillation of the specific fatty acid of interest.

Aroma threshold values

Aroma characteristics at 1.0%: fatty, creamy, cheeselike, candle waxy with egglike richness

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 5 ppm: waxy,fatty and oily, tallowlike, creamy and dairylike with a coating mouthfeel

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron Letters, 32, p. 5931, 1991 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79429-9

General Description

White solid with a slight odor of bay oil.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Lauric acid is a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Lauric acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Lauric acid can react with oxidizing materials.

Health Hazard

May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Vapor or mist is irritating to eyes, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Causes eye and skin irritation.

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: May cause dust explosion.

Pharmaceutical Applications

pharmaceutical applications it has also been examined for use as an enhancer for topical penetration and transdermal absorption, rectal absorption, buccal delivery,(14) and intestinal absorption. It is also useful for stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. Lauric acid has also been evaluated for use in aerosol formulations.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Substrate for CYP 4A11

Safety

Lauric acid is widely used in cosmetic preparations, in the manufacture of food-grade additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations. General exposure to lauric acid occurs through the consumption of food and through dermal contact with cosmetics, soaps, and detergent products. Lauric acid is toxic when administered intravenously. Occupational exposure may cause local irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract, although lauric acid is considered safe and nonirritating for use in cosmetics. No toxicological effects were observed when lauric acid was administered to rats at 35% of the diet for 2 years. Acute exposure tests in rabbits indicate mild irritation. After subcutaneous injection into mice, lauric acid was shown to be noncarcinogenic. LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.13 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 12 g/kg

Synthesis

Produced from synthetic lauryl alcohol

in vitro

previous study showed that lauric acid could induce apoptosis in both caco-2 and iec-6 cells when compared to butyrate. moreover, lauric acid reduced gsh availability and generated ros in caco-2 cells. mechanistic study indicated that lauric acid reduced caco-2 and iec-6 cells in g0/g1and arrested cells in the s and g2/m phases. in addition, it was found that butyrate protected iec-6 cells from ros-induced damage, while lauric acid induced higher levels of ros when compared with butyrate [1].

in vivo

mouse in vivo study found that both epicutaneous application and intradermal injection of lauric acid could decrease the number of p. acnes colonized in mouse ears effectively, thus relieving p. acnes-induced granulomatous inflammation and ear swelling [2].

Carcinogenicity

Lauric acid was not carcinogenic in the BALB/c:CFW mouse after repeated subcutaneous injections. Lauric acid applied twice weekly for 20 weeks did not promote tumors in mice initiated with 9,10- dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. After more extended application (daily, 6 days/week, for 31 weeks), lauric acid caused an increase in skin papillomas, but no histologically malignant tumors were found. Lauric acid was not carcinogenic in rats after exposure in the diet to 35% lauric acid for 2 years.

storage

Lauric acid is stable at normal temperatures and should be stored in a cool, dry place. Avoid sources of ignition and contact with incompatible materials.

Purification Methods

Distil the acid in a vacuum. Also crystallise it from absolute EtOH, or from acetone at -25o. Alternatively, purify it via its methyl ester (b 140.0o/15mm), as described for capric acid. It has also been purified by zone melting. [cf Beilstein 1 III 2913.]

Incompatibilities

Lauric acid is incompatible with strong bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Lauric acid is listed as a food additive in the EAFUS list compiled by the FDA. Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory.

references

[1] fauser jk,matthews gm,cummins ag,howarth gs. induction of apoptosis by the medium-chain length fatty acid lauric acid in colon cancer cells due to induction of oxidative stress. chemotherapy.2013;59(3):214-24. [2] nakatsuji t,kao mc,fang jy,zouboulis cc,zhang l,gallo rl,huang cm. antimicrobial property of lauric acid against propionibacterium acnes: its therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris. j invest dermatol.2009 oct;129(10):2480-8. [3] kate l. feltrin et al. acute oral administration of lauric acid reduces energy intake in healthy males. e-spen journal. 2014 april; 9 (2): e69–e75

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 143-07-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,4 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 143-07:
(5*1)+(4*4)+(3*3)+(2*0)+(1*7)=37
37 % 10 = 7
So 143-07-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C12H24O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14)

143-07-7 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
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  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A11672)  Dodecanoic acid, 98%   

  • 143-07-7

  • 500g

  • 218.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A11672)  Dodecanoic acid, 98%   

  • 143-07-7

  • 2500g

  • 748.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A11672)  Dodecanoic acid, 98%   

  • 143-07-7

  • 10000g

  • 2306.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (42038)  Dodecanoic acid, typically 99.5%   

  • 143-07-7

  • 50g

  • 157.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (42038)  Dodecanoic acid, typically 99.5%   

  • 143-07-7

  • 250g

  • 265.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (42038)  Dodecanoic acid, typically 99.5%   

  • 143-07-7

  • 1kg

  • 439.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (Y0001474)  Lauricacid  European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

  • 143-07-7

  • Y0001474

  • 1,880.19CNY

  • Detail
  • USP

  • (1356949)  Lauricacid  United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

  • 143-07-7

  • 1356949-500MG

  • 4,326.66CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (L4250)  Dodecanoicacid  ≥99% (GC/titration)

  • 143-07-7

  • L4250-100G

  • 334.62CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (L4250)  Dodecanoicacid  ≥99% (GC/titration)

  • 143-07-7

  • L4250-500G

  • 1,148.94CNY

  • Detail

143-07-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name dodecanoic acid

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Lauric acid

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Surfactants
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:143-07-7 SDS

143-07-7Synthetic route

1-dodecyl alcohol
112-53-8

1-dodecyl alcohol

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With air; sodium nitrite In trifluoroacetic acid at 0 - 20℃; for 5h;100%
With Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; potassium chloride; oxygen In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 25℃; for 12h;100%
With Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; potassium chloride; oxygen In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst; Schlenk technique;100%
S-tert-butyl dodecanethioate
107154-75-6

S-tert-butyl dodecanethioate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; hydrophobic polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid for 168h; Heating;100%
3-oxo-2-phenylsulfanyltetradecanamide
1321499-06-2

3-oxo-2-phenylsulfanyltetradecanamide

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; 2-oxopropanal In methanol; water at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;100%
benzyl dodecanoate
140-25-0

benzyl dodecanoate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminum tri-bromide; ethanethiol for 0.5h; Ambient temperature;99.2%
With magnesium iodide In toluene for 48h; Heating;70%
Dodecanal
112-54-9

Dodecanal

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With iron oxide; oxygen; ethyl acetoacetate at 75 - 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 24h; Green chemistry;99%
With oxygen; copper(II) acetate monohydrate; cobalt(II) diacetate tetrahydrate In water at 40℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 3h;97%
With Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; potassium chloride; oxygen In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 25℃; for 12h;94%
1-dodecyl alcohol
112-53-8

1-dodecyl alcohol

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hypochlorite; sodium hydrogencarbonate; potassium bromide; [4-(TEMPO-4-yloxymethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-ylmethyl]-PS In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.5h;A n/a
B 99%
With C30H24N2O7W; dihydrogen peroxide In water; acetonitrile for 22h; Reflux;A 1%
B 82%
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl; oxone; potassium bromide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In acetonitrile at 0℃; for 4h;A 6%
B 53%

A

B

C16H10O3S

C16H10O3S

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In d(4)-methanol at 20℃; Conversion of starting material; light irradiation;A 99%
B n/a
bromobutyric acid

bromobutyric acid

n-octylmagnesium chloride

n-octylmagnesium chloride

lauric acid

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: bromobutyric acid With 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; tert-butylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: n-octylmagnesium chloride With buta-1,3-diene; nickel dichloride In tetrahydrofuran under 760.051 Torr; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Cooling with ice;
99%
methyl n-dodecanoate
111-82-0

methyl n-dodecanoate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminum tri-bromide; ethanethiol for 48h; Ambient temperature;98.7%
With AlBrCl3(1-)*C5H5N*H(1+) at 140℃; for 3h;98%
With iodine; aluminium In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 18h;97%
S-phenyl dodecanethioate
79817-20-2

S-phenyl dodecanethioate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; hydrophobic polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid for 24h; Heating;98%
tridodecanoylglycerol
538-24-9

tridodecanoylglycerol

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol for 1h; Reflux;98%
With aquivion perfluorosulfonic superacid loaded on H+ In neat (no solvent) at 100℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 8h; Reagent/catalyst;
ethyl laurate
106-33-2

ethyl laurate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With AlBrCl3(1-)*C5H5N*H(1+) at 140℃; for 3h;97%
With 2C33H37N*H2O7S2; water at 60℃; for 20h;83%
With aluminum tri-bromide; ethanethiol for 792h; Ambient temperature;73.5%
With 2C33H37N*H2O7S2; water at 80℃;83 %Spectr.
With Novozym 435 from Candida antarctica at 0 - 40℃; for 32h;
Dodecanoic acid 3-methyl-but-2-enyl ester

Dodecanoic acid 3-methyl-but-2-enyl ester

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With iodine In cyclohexane for 6h; Ambient temperature;97%
S-dodecyl dodecanethioate
103212-64-2

S-dodecyl dodecanethioate

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

1-dodecylthiol
112-55-0

1-dodecylthiol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C18-alkylated polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid; water for 24h; Heating;A 96%
B n/a
With water; hydrophobic polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid for 72h; Heating;A 95%
B 95%
With C18-alkylated polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid; water for 24h; Heating;
S-dodecyl dodecanethioate
103212-64-2

S-dodecyl dodecanethioate

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

didodecyl sulfide
2469-45-6

didodecyl sulfide

C

1-dodecylthiol
112-55-0

1-dodecylthiol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; hydrophobic polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid for 72h; Heating;A 95%
B 2%
C n/a
lauric acid

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylnitrite; water at 29℃; for 0.583333h;95%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; W(OTf)6; hydrogen at 135℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h;94%
With palladium on activated carbon; W(OTf)6; hydrogen In neat (no solvent) at 135℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h;94%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; hydrophobic polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid for 36h; Heating;93%

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

ethyl laurate
106-33-2

ethyl laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen In ethanol; water at 240℃; under 25066.7 Torr; for 144h;A 6%
B 93%
2-chloroethyl dodecanoate
64919-15-9

2-chloroethyl dodecanoate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; selenium In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 3h; Ambient temperature; also with NaHTe as cat.;92%
2,2,2-Trichloroethyl dodecanoate
71071-51-7

2,2,2-Trichloroethyl dodecanoate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; selenium In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40 - 50℃; for 1h;92%
2-dodecanoyloxyethyl dodecanoate
624-04-4

2-dodecanoyloxyethyl dodecanoate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2C33H37N*H2O7S2; water at 60℃; for 24h;92%
With 2C33H37N*H2O7S2; water at 80℃;92 %Spectr.
benzyl dodecanoate
140-25-0

benzyl dodecanoate

toluene
108-88-3

toluene

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

1-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-benzene
620-47-3

1-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-benzene

C

1-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)benzene
620-83-7

1-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)benzene

D

2-benzyltoluene
713-36-0

2-benzyltoluene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; water at 80℃; for 2h; regioselective reaction;A 92%
B n/a
C n/a
D n/a
glutaric anhydride,
108-55-4

glutaric anhydride,

1-bromo-octane
111-83-1

1-bromo-octane

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With [2,2]bipyridinyl; bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0); zinc In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 80℃; for 12h;92%
lauric anhydride
645-66-9

lauric anhydride

phenylboronic acid
98-80-6

phenylboronic acid

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

dodecanophenone
1674-38-0

dodecanophenone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With P(p-CH3OC6H4)3; palladium diacetate In tetrahydrofuran; water at 60℃; for 16h;A n/a
B 90%
Dodecanal
112-54-9

Dodecanal

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

lauric acid amide
1120-16-7

lauric acid amide

C

undecyl cyanide
2437-25-4

undecyl cyanide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With H2SO4*2NH2OH; Rh(OH)x/Al2O3 In water for 9h; Heating;A 6 % Chromat.
B 89%
C 5 % Chromat.
1-tridecene
2437-56-1

1-tridecene

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Oxone; 2-iodo-3,4,5,6-tetramethylbenzoic acid In water; acetonitrile for 24h;86%
With Oxone In water; acetonitrile for 24h; Reflux;61%
With sodium permanganate In hexane at 69℃; for 24h;13%

A

lauric acid

lauric acid

B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen; lithium bromide In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 6h; UV-irradiation;A 7%
B 86%
methanol

methanol

A

lauric acid

lauric acid

B

5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one
1321499-15-3

5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*)-4,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*)-4,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5R*)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5R*)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In tetrahydrofuran; water at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;A 86%
B 7.8 mg
C 18.2 mg
D 2.5 mg
E 2.3 mg
thiophenol
108-98-5

thiophenol

(1R,5R)-1-dodecanoyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
288854-03-5

(1R,5R)-1-dodecanoyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

3-oxo-2-phenylsulfanyltetradecanamide
1321499-06-2

3-oxo-2-phenylsulfanyltetradecanamide

C

diphenyldisulfane
882-33-7

diphenyldisulfane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In methanol; water at 20℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere;A 20%
B 9%
C 85%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

methyl n-dodecanoate
111-82-0

methyl n-dodecanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron trifluoride at 65℃; for 0.333333h;100%
With ethenetetracarbonitrile for 48h; Ambient temperature;99%
polyaniline hydrocloride at 70℃; for 24h;99%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

n-dodecanoyl chloride
112-16-3

n-dodecanoyl chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 78℃; for 3h;100%
With thionyl chloride; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 88℃; for 2h;99%
With thionyl chloride; sodium dodecanoylglycinate at 25℃; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere;99.8%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

1,1,1-trifluoro-dodecane
764-84-1

1,1,1-trifluoro-dodecane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; phenylsulphur trifluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 50℃; for 24h; Product distribution / selectivity; Neat (no solvent);100%
With phenylsulphur trifluoride at 20 - 100℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity; Neat (no solvent);83%
With 4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenylsulfur trifluoride at 100℃; for 2h; Reactivity;55%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
6066-82-6

1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione

N-succinimidyl laurate
14565-47-0

N-succinimidyl laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane for 24h;100%
With N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide In dichloromethane for 3h;98%
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In ethyl acetate for 6h;98%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

1-Tetradecanol
112-72-1

1-Tetradecanol

dodecanoic acid tetradecyl ester
22412-97-1

dodecanoic acid tetradecyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dodecylbenzene-sulphonic acid In water at 40℃; for 48h;100%
With para-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid In water at 40℃; for 48h;99%
With triphenylphosphine-sulfur trioxide adduct In neat (no solvent) at 110℃; for 2h; Green chemistry;82%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)

monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)

dodecanoic acid monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) ester

dodecanoic acid monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With camphor sulphuric acid for 18h; Heating;100%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride
37091-73-9

2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride

A

1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
80-73-9

1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone

B

n-dodecanoyl chloride
112-16-3

n-dodecanoyl chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tolueneA 94%
B 100%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride
37091-73-9

2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride

n-dodecanoyl chloride
112-16-3

n-dodecanoyl chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene100%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; 2-oxopropanal In methanol; water at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;100%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
In isopropyl alcohol for 1.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;100%
2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium laurate
88371-70-4

2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water at 20℃;100%
In water at 100℃; for 24h;
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

di(succinimido) carbonate
74124-79-1

di(succinimido) carbonate

N-succinimidyl laurate
14565-47-0

N-succinimidyl laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; for 1h;100%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

levobupivacaine
27262-47-1

levobupivacaine

[(2S)-1-butylpiperidine-2-carbonyl]-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)ammonium dodecanoate

[(2S)-1-butylpiperidine-2-carbonyl]-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)ammonium dodecanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 6h;100%
1-dodecyl alcohol
112-53-8

1-dodecyl alcohol

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

Dodecanal
112-54-9

Dodecanal

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hypochlorite; sodium hydrogencarbonate; potassium bromide; [4-(TEMPO-4-yloxymethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-ylmethyl]-PS In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.5h;A n/a
B 99%
With C30H24N2O7W; dihydrogen peroxide In water; acetonitrile for 22h; Reflux;A 1%
B 82%
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl; oxone; potassium bromide; methyltrioxorhenium(VII) In acetonitrile at 0℃; for 4h;A 6%
B 53%
(4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-1,1-dioxothiochromen-2-yl)methyl dodecanoate
1033736-99-0

(4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-1,1-dioxothiochromen-2-yl)methyl dodecanoate

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

C16H10O3S
1033736-87-6

C16H10O3S

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In d(4)-methanol at 20℃; Conversion of starting material; light irradiation;A 99%
B n/a
bromobutyric acid
2623-87-2

bromobutyric acid

n-octylmagnesium chloride
38841-98-4

n-octylmagnesium chloride

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: bromobutyric acid With 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; tert-butylmagnesium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: n-octylmagnesium chloride With buta-1,3-diene; nickel dichloride In tetrahydrofuran under 760.051 Torr; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Cooling with ice;
99%
Dodecanoic acid methoxy-amide

Dodecanoic acid methoxy-amide

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylnitrite; water at 29℃; for 0.583333h;95%
5-dodecanolide
713-95-1

5-dodecanolide

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; W(OTf)6; hydrogen at 135℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h;94%
With palladium on activated carbon; W(OTf)6; hydrogen In neat (no solvent) at 135℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h;94%
ethyl dodecanethionate
100962-82-1

ethyl dodecanethionate

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; hydrophobic polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid for 36h; Heating;93%
ethyl 7-(5-methyltetrahydrothran-2-yl)-5-oxoheptanoate
1427085-03-7

ethyl 7-(5-methyltetrahydrothran-2-yl)-5-oxoheptanoate

ethyl 5-hydroxy-7-(5-methyltetrahydrothran-2-yl)heptanoate
1454314-43-2

ethyl 5-hydroxy-7-(5-methyltetrahydrothran-2-yl)heptanoate

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

ethyl laurate
106-33-2

ethyl laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen In ethanol; water at 240℃; under 25066.7 Torr; for 144h;A 6%
B 93%
1-dodecyl alcohol
112-53-8

1-dodecyl alcohol

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

dodecyl laurate
13945-76-1

dodecyl laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen; lithium bromide In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 6h; UV-irradiation;A 7%
B 86%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

3-oxo-2-phenylsulfanyltetradecanamide
1321499-06-2

3-oxo-2-phenylsulfanyltetradecanamide

2-oxopropanal
78-98-8

2-oxopropanal

A

lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

B

5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one
1321499-15-3

5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*)-4,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*)-4,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5S*)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5S*)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5R*)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

(+/-)-(3R*,4S*,5R*)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-2-pyrrolidinone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In tetrahydrofuran; water at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;A 86%
B 7.8 mg
C 18.2 mg
D 2.5 mg
E 2.3 mg
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

pregabilin
148553-50-8

pregabilin

(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid laurate
1414928-47-4

(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In isopropyl alcohol for 1.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;100%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

cholinium hydrogen carbonate
78-73-9

cholinium hydrogen carbonate

2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium laurate
88371-70-4

2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium laurate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water at 20℃;100%
In water at 100℃; for 24h;
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

Fmoc-glycine-2-chlorotrityl resin

Fmoc-glycine-2-chlorotrityl resin

N-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)glycine
29022-11-5

N-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)glycine

Fmoc-Lys-OH
105047-45-8

Fmoc-Lys-OH

n-dodecanoyl-HN-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Boc)-Gly-Gly-CO2H

n-dodecanoyl-HN-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Boc)-Gly-Gly-CO2H

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: Fmoc-glycine-2-chlorotrityl resin With piperidine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide 2-Cl-Trt-Resin;
Stage #2: N-(fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)glycine With benzotriazol-1-ol; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; 2-Cl-Trt-Resin;
Stage #3: lauric acid; Fmoc-Lys-OH Further stages;
100%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

palladium diacetate
3375-31-3

palladium diacetate

palladium dodecanoate

palladium dodecanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In cyclohexane at 40℃; Solvent;100%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

1-Hexadecanol
36653-82-4

1-Hexadecanol

undecanyl cetanoate
20834-06-4

undecanyl cetanoate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With zirconium(IV) oxychloride In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 162℃; for 24h;99.9%
With choline chloride; zinc(II) chloride at 110℃; for 8h;99%
lipase In hexane for 4h;94%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

trichlorovinylsilane
75-94-5

trichlorovinylsilane

Octanoic acid
124-07-2

Octanoic acid

n-tetradecanoic acid
544-63-8

n-tetradecanoic acid

C36H68O6Si
1330066-17-5

C36H68O6Si

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene at 60 - 150℃; for 4h;99.82%
lauric acid
143-07-7

lauric acid

ascorbic acid
50-81-7

ascorbic acid

6-O-dodecanoyl-L-ascorbic acid
16690-40-7

6-O-dodecanoyl-L-ascorbic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Amberlyst 15 ion exchange resin In ethanol; water at 60℃; for 3h; Temperature;99.2%
With sulfuric acid
With sulfuric acid at 40℃;
With lipase from Candida antarctica type B (Chirazyme(R) L-2 C2) In acetone at 50℃;
With Chirazyme(R) L-2 C2 In acetone at 55℃; for 24h;

143-07-7Relevant articles and documents

Jalapinoside, a macrocyclic bisdesmoside from the resin glycosides of ipomea purga, as a modulator of multidrug resistance in human cancer cells

Bautista, Elihü,Fragoso-Serrano, Mabel,Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio

, p. 168 - 172 (2015)

The first macrocyclic bisdesmoside resin glycoside, jalapinoside (4), was purified by preparative-scale recycling HPLC from the MeOH-soluble extracts of Ipomoea purga roots, the officinal jalap. Purgic acid C (3), a new glycosidic acid of ipurolic acid, was identified as 3-O-β-d-quinovopyranoside, 11-O-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-[β-d-fucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-quinovopyranoside (3S,11S)-dihydroxytetradecanoic acid. The acylating residues of this core were acetic, (+)-(2S)-methylbutanoic, and dodecanoic acids. The site of lactonization was defined as C-3 of the second saccharide moiety. Reversal of multidrug resistance by this noncytotoxic compound was evaluated in vinblastine-resistant human breast carcinoma cells.

Characterization of a xylose containing oligosaccharide, an inhibitor of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, from Ipomoea pes-caprae

Escobedo-Martínez, Carolina,Cruz-Morales, Sara,Fragoso-Serrano, Mabel,Mukhlesur Rahman,Gibbons, Simon,Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio

, p. 1796 - 1801 (2010)

Pescaprein XVIII (1), a type of bacterial efflux pump inhibitor, was obtained from the CHCl3-soluble resin glycosides of beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae). The glycosidation sequence for pescaproside C, the glycosidic acid core of the lipophilic macrolactone 1 containing d-xylose and l-rhamnose, was characterized by means of several NMR techniques and FAB mass spectrometry. Recycling HPLC also yielded eight non-cytotoxic bacterial resistance modifiers, the two pescapreins XIX (2) and XX (3) as well as the known murucoidin VI (4), pecapreins II (6) and III (7), and stoloniferins III (5), IX (8) and X (9), all of which contain simonic acid B as their oligosaccharide core. Compounds 1-9 were tested for in vitro antibacterial and resistance-modifying activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus possessing multidrug resistance efflux mechanisms. All of the pescapreins potentiated the action of norfloxacin against the NorA over-expressing strain by 4-fold (8 μg/mL from 32 μg/mL) at a concentration of 25 μg/mL.

Carbon-dot-hydrogel for enzyme-mediated bacterial detection

Bhattacharya, Sagarika,Nandi, Sukhendu,Jelinek, Raz

, p. 588 - 594 (2017)

A hybrid carbon-dot (C-dot)-hydrogel matrix was constructed and employed for detection of bacteria. The transduction mechanism is novel, based upon cleavage of ester bonds within the hydrogel scaffold by bacterially-secreted esterases; the ensuing fluidization of the hydrogel resulted in aggregation of the embedded C-dots and consequent quenching of their fluorescence. We show that the C-dot-hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity and can distinguish among bacterial species through modulation of the emitted fluorescence, depending upon their esterase secretions.

Resin glycosides from Ipomoea pes-caprae

Escobedo-Martinez, Carolina,Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio

, p. 974 - 978 (2007)

Ipomoea pes-caprae (beach morning-glory; "rinonina" for the herbal drug in Mexico) is prescribed by traditional healers to moderate "heat" in an infected kidney. The hexane-soluble extract from the aerial parts of this medicinal plant, through preparative-scale recycling HPLC, yielded six new lipophilic oligosaccharides of jalapinolic acid: pescaproside B (1) and pescapreins V-IX (2-6). The previously known pescaproside A (7), pescapreins I-IV (8-11), and stoloniferin III (12) were also identified in the analyzed material by means of HPLC comparison with authentic samples. The glycosidic acid structure for all pentasaccharides was confirmed as simonic acid B. Pescaproside B (1), an acylated glycosidic acid methyl ester, is structurally related to pescaprein III (10). Pescapreins V (2) and VI (3) are diasteroisomeric tetraglycosidic lactones of operculinic acid C. Both of these compounds contain (2S)-methylbutyric and n-dodecanoic acids as their esterifying residues. Pescapreins VII (4) and IX (6) are pentasaccharides that contain an n-decanoyl group as their esterifying fatty acid residue instead of the n-dodecanoyl found in pescapreins I (8) and IV (11). Pescaprein VIII (5) represents an isomer of pescaprein II (9) containing an n-dodecanoyl unit as the esterifying residue at position C-4 of the third rhamnose moiety and a 2-methylpropanoyl at C-2 of the second rhamnose. High-field NMR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry were used to characterize all new isolated compounds.

A New Steroidal Alkaloid from Allium victorialis

Khan, Sadia,Fatima, Itrat,Kazmi, Mehdi Hassan,Malik, Abdul

, p. 1134 - 1137 (2015)

Allumine C (1), a new steroidal alkaloid, has been isolated from the CHCl3-soluble fraction of the whole plant of Allium victorialis L. Its structure was elucidated by chemical and spectral studies.

-

Tappeiner

, p. 211,234, 238 (1878)

-

Non-hydrolytic cleavage of esters with magnesium iodide in aprotic non-polar solvents

Garcia Martinez,Osio Barcinaa,Hidalgo Del Veccio,Hanack,Subramanian

, p. 5931 - 5934 (1991)

An efficacious procedure for the hydrolysis of primary, secondary and tertiary carboxylic esters with magnesium iodide in aprotic non-polar solvents, carbon disulphide and toluene, is reported.

Glycerol eutectics as sustainable solvent systems

Abbott, Andrew P.,Harris, Robert C.,Ryder, Karl S.,D'Agostino, Carmine,Gladden, Lynn F.,Mantle, Mick D.

, p. 82 - 90 (2011)

In this work the use of glycerol as a hydrogen bond donor in Deep Eutectic Solvents is studied. The physical properties of choline chloride mixtures with glycerol are quantified and it is shown that eutectic mixtures can circumvent some of the difficulties of using glycerol as a solvent viz. high viscosity and high melting point. The solvent properties are characterised using polarity parameters and the values are similar to other ionic liquids although it is shown that this procedure is a poor method of characterising Lewis basicity. The application of these liquids to the esterification of glycerol is used as a demonstration of the ability to tune a reaction with the quaternary ammonium halide acting as a quasi-protecting group. The liquids represent a sustainable way of preparing non-toxic, tuneable solvent systems.

Biochemical and biophysical characterisation of a small purified lipase from Rhizopus oryzae ZAC3

Ayinla, Zainab A.,Ademakinwa, Adedeji N.,Gross, Richard A.,Agboola, Femi K.

, (2021/02/16)

The characteristics of a purified lipase from Rhizopus oryzae ZAC3 (RoL-ZAC3) were investigated. RoL-ZAC3, a 15.8 kDa protein, which was optimally active at pH 8 and 55 °C had a half-life of 126 min at 60 °C. The kinetic parameters using p-nitrophenylbuty

Synergistic Catalytic?Effect?of N-Hydroxyphthalimide/Cobalt Tetraamide Phthalocyanine and Its Application for Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Alcohols

Li, Fei,Tang, Shuo,Tang, Zhilin,Ye, Lingjun,Li, Hehua,Niu, Fanfan,Sun, Xiaoling

, p. 17 - 26 (2020/06/22)

Abstract: The activation of oxygen?for?selective?oxidation?of?organic molecules, such as hydrocarbons and alcohols, remains a major catalytic?challenge. We have developed a catalytic system combining N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) with cobalt tetraamide phthalocyanine [CoPc(CONH2)4] for the oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols at 75?°C under an oxygen atmosphere. CoPc(CONH2)4 was synthesized by trimellitic anhydride-urea method, and its structure was confirmed by FT-IR, UV–Vis and XRD. This catalyst, in synergy with NHPI/O2 system, exhibited excellent catalytic ability and high selectivity in the oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols. Based on the experimental results, a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed for the oxidation of alkanes and alcohols, respectively. Graphic Abstract: Cobalt tetraamide phthalocyanine (CoPc(CONH2)4) was synthesized by a simple solid-thermal method, and the synergistic catalysis oxidation of NHPI and CoPc(CONH2)4 was studied. A synergistic catalysis system for the aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols by N-hydroxyphthalimide combined with cobalt tetraamide phthalocyanine has been developed.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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