159-62-6Relevant articles and documents
Low-cost synthesis of heterocyclic spiro-type hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell applications
Govindan, Venkatesan,Yang, Kai-Cheng,Fu, Yung-Sheng,Wu, Chun-Guey
, p. 7332 - 7339 (2018)
Four heterocyclic spiro-type hole transporting materials (HTMs) carrying a spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] (SFX) (SFX-TPAM and SFX-TPA) or spiro[fluorene-9,9′-thioxanthene] (SFT) unit (SFT-TPAM and SFT-TPA) were synthesized through a low-cost facile route with high yields for perovskite solar cell (PSC) applications. In terms of absorption, these four compounds in the film state are all transparent at wavelengths longer than 430 nm, which is beneficial for allowing visible light to reach the perovskite active layer without being absorbed by the hole transporting layer (HTL). The photovoltaic performance of the inverted PSCs based on these small molecular HTMs with the device architecture of glass/ITO/HTL/CH3NH3PbI3/C60/BCP/Ag was tested. Only SFX-TPAM had its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level matched with the valence band of CH3NH3PbI3. The inverted PSC based on a dopant-free SFX-TPAM HTL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 10.23% under the illumination of standard one sun lighting, which is better than that (8.17%) of the cell based on dopant-free spiro-OMeTAD. The better photovoltaic performance of SFX-TPAM compared to spiro-OMeTAD may be due to the MAPbI3 film deposited on it having better quality. These results indicate that the facilely synthesized, low-cost SFX based small molecules can be used as the HTMs for PSCs.
Unexpected one-pot method to synthesize spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] building blocks for blue-light-emitting materials
Xie, Ling-Hai,Liu, Feng,Tang, Chao,Hou, Xiao-Ya,Hua, Yu-Ran,Fan, Qu-Li,Huang, Wei
, p. 2787 - 2790 (2006)
An unexpected one-pot synthetic approach toward spiro[fluorene-9,9′- xanthene] (SFX) under excessive MeSO3H conditions has been developed. The key step involves a thermodynamically controlled cyclization reaction. Blue-light-emitting materials based on SFX building blocks that exhibit high thermal stability have also been synthesized.
Synthesis of spirocyclic diarylfluorenes by one-pot twofold SNAr reactions of diaryl sulfones with diarylmethanes
Bhanuchandra,Yorimitsu, Hideki,Osuka, Atsuhiro
supporting information, p. 384 - 387 (2016/02/19)
Treatment of dibenzothiophene dioxides with cyclic diarylmethanes in the presence of KN(SiMe3)2 results in the formation of fluorene-based spirocyclic tetraarylmethanes in a single operation. The transformation would proceed via an intermolecular SNAr reaction of the dioxides with cyclic diarylmethylpotassium followed by intramolecular SNAr cyclization. This straightforward strategy provides a wide range of spirocyclic diarylfluorenes including unusual ones that are otherwise difficult to synthesize.