180140-70-9

Upstream product

• 100-42-5 styrene 
• 82045-04-3 (rac)-(E)-2-acetoxy-4-phenylbut-3-ene 
• 38111-44-3 phenylzinc(II) bromide 
• 100017-28-5 (R)-(Z)-1-acetoxy-1-phenyl-2-butene 
• 76346-07-1 (E)-4,4'-(but-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(nitrobenzene) 
• 108-88-3 toluene 
• 71-43-2 benzene 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 
• 115-11-7 isobutene 
• 104-53-0 3-phenyl-propionaldehyde 
• 1449-46-3 benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide 
• 588-72-7 [(E)-2-bromoethenyl]benzene 
• 60779-09-1 1-phenylethylmagnesium chloride 
• 34713-70-7 2-Phenylpropanal 

Downstream Products

• 6416-39-3 1-methyl-3-phenylindan 
• 56525-86-1 1,3-diphenyl-1-(o-xylyl)butane 
• 132639-52-2 1,3-diphenyl-1-(p-tolyl)butane 
• 132639-53-3 1,3-diphenyl-1-(p-anisyl)butane 
• 946089-41-4 4-methyl-2-phenylnaphthalen-1(4H)-one 
• 84064-96-0 (1RS,2RS)-1,2-diphenyl-3-methylcyclopropane 
• 7302-01-4 (Z)-(3-methyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl)dibenzene 
• 492-37-5 hydratropic acid 
• 132639-54-4 1,3-diphenyl-1-(p-phenoxyphenyl)butane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Cobalt-catalyzed dimerization of alkenes

In the presence of CoX2(PPh3)2/3 PPh 3 and zinc metal conjugated alkenes (CH2CHCOOR, CH 2CHCN, CH2CHSO2Ph and CH 2CHCONEt2) undergo reductive tail-to-tail dimerization to yield the corresponding saturated linear products. Under similar reaction conditions, vinylarenes (ArCHCH2) give stereoselective head-to-tail dimerization products, trans-1,3-diarylbut-1-ene, in good to excellent yields.

[Pd(acac)(L)2][BF4] (L?=?morpholine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, dioctylamine): Synthesis, structure and their catalytic activity

Cationic acetylacetonate bis(secondary amine) palladium (II) complexes were synthesized by nitrile substitution of [Pd(acac)(MeCN)2][BF4] with L (L?=?morpholine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, dioctylamine) which yielded [Pd(acac)(L)2][BF4] as a mononuclear species with chelating acac ligand. An X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR and DFT study of [Pd(acac){morpholine}2][BF4] establishes the presence of hydrogen bonding between the morpholine ligand and [BF4]? anion. Crystallographic defects in the crystal and presence of pseudocrystalline structure in solution of [Pd(acac){morpholine}2][BF4] were assumed to explain IR spectra features. Preliminary investigations into the polymerization of norbornene, dimerization of styrene, and telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with diethylamine were performed.

Dimerization and oligomerization of styrene in the presence of pentasils

Styrene is converted to dimers under the action of zeolite ZSM-12 both in the presence and absence of the solvent (chlorobenzene). This transformation is characterized by a high conversion of the monomer (up to 100 wt.%) and selective formation of linear

Asymmetric styrene dimerisation using mixed palladium-indium catalysts

Catalysts formed in situ from mixtures of palladium acetate, indium(III) triflate and a chiral non-chelating bis(phosphite) ligand give good to excellent conversions and reasonable enantioselectivity in the asymmetric dimerisation of styrenes.

Copper-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes

Regioselective additions of arylsulfonamides to vinylarenes, norbornene, and cyclohexadiene were achieved using a copper-diphosphine catayst under mild reaction conditions. These processes appear to be ligand-accelerated.

Palladium-catalysed dimerization of vinylarenes using indium triflate as an effective co-catalyst

A palladium-indium triflate catalyst was found to be much more active for the dimerization of vinylarenes compared with generally used cationic palladium(II) catalysts.

Styrene oligomerization catalyzed by zeolites of different structural types

It was shown that styrene oligomerization in the presence of the zeolite ZSM-12 in a solvent (chlorobenzene) as well as without it proceeds with a high conversion (98-100 wt %) and a high selectivity for linear dimers (up to 82%). The main oligomerization products in the presence of the zeolite Beta are dimers (70-80%), mostly the linear isomer trans-1,3-diphenylbut-1-ene. In the presence of the less active zeolite Y, styrene gives a complex mixture of oligomers in which dimers (53-60%, in chlorobenzene) or dimers and trimers (60-80%, in bulk) are predominant.

FTIR and reaction studies of styrene and toluene over silica-zirconia-supported heteropoly acid catalysts

The interactions of styrene and toluene with a sol-gel-prepared SiO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide and with two supported heteropolytungstic acid samples, i.e., a Keggin type (H3PW12O40) and a Dawson type (H6PW18O62) were studied by FTIR. Both supported heteropoly acids (HPA) were highly active, leading to styrene conversions of ≤ 94% after 4 hr, while the pure SiO2-ZrO2 support was almost inactive, with only 8% conversion after the safe reaction time. The Dawson catalyst showed higher activity than the supported Keggin. The catalysts differed in activity and in the product distribution, as reflected in the levels of conversion after equivalent reaction times. Toluene adsorption on HPA(K)/SiZr and HPA(D)/SiZr gave similar spectra, as observed for adsorption on the support alone. Increased pressures of styrene progressively demonstrated the adsorbed toluene, resulting in a typical spectrum of polymeric species on the catalysts, with maxima at 1601, 1583, 1494, 1478, 1450, and 1378/cm. The presence of zirconium in SiO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides led to the generation of Bronsted acid sites, which were otherwise absent in the single-component oxides. HPA addition to the SiO2-ZrO2 support led to an increase in the number of sites, which were available for the activation and subsequent reactions involving styrene, as confirmed by the increase activity in catalytic tests in the FTIR study.

Silica-supported heteropolyacids readily induce cyclodimerization of styrenes and stilbenes

Heteropolyacids such as molybdophosphoric and tungstophosphoric acids, supported over silica, readily induce cyclodimerisation reactions of styrenes and stilbenes affording a mixture of indane and/or tetraline derivatives with remarkably high efficiency and in reduced reaction time.

Iodine-Promoted Metal-Free Head-to-Tail Dimerization of Styrenes Affording 1,3-Diarylbut-1-enes

A convenient and efficient iodine-mediated head-to-tail dimerization of styrenes to produce the corresponding dimers in the presence of triethyl phosphite is reported. The advantages of the present protocol are metal-free conditions, short reaction time, simplicity, and high efficiency.