1917-68-6

Upstream product

• 57-50-1 Sucrose 
• 71-36-3 butan-1-ol 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 57-48-7 D-Fructose 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 492-62-6 alpha-D-glucopyranose 
• 6763-34-4 D-xylose 
• 470-23-5 D-fructose 
• 67-47-0 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde 
• 470-23-5 D-fructose 
• 6347-01-9 fructopyranose 
• 39131-44-7 5-bromomethyl-furan-2-carbaldehyde 

Downstream Products

• 1003-38-9 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran 
• 1227855-11-9 hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran butyl ether 
• 113984-00-2 5-(butoxymethyl)furfuryl alcohol 
• 71-36-3 butan-1-ol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Assessment of ion exchange resins as catalysts for the direct transformation of fructose into butyl levulinate

The transformation of fructose into butyl levulinate in aqueous 1-butanol (initial molar ratio 1-butanol/fructose 79, and butanol/water 1.19) has been studied in a discontinuous reactor at 80?120 °C and 2.0 MPa over 8 sulfonic polystyrene-DVB ion exchange resins as catalysts (catalyst loading 0.85–3.4 %). Resins swell greatly in the reaction medium and the reaction takes place mainly in the swollen gel-phase. Swollen resins in water have been characterized by analysis of ISEC data, and spaces originated in the gel phase upon swelling are described in terms of zones of different polymer density. A relationship has been found between the morphology of swollen resins and ester production. Swollen resins with low polymer density show the highest butyl levulinate yield. Dowex 50Wx2 was the most effective because it creates the largest and widest spaces in the gel-phase when swelling. Consequently, it better accommodates the proton-transfer-reaction mechanisms.

MFI Acid Catalysts with Different Crystal Sizes and Porosity for the Conversion of Furanic Compounds in Alcohol Media

Solid acid catalysts possessing MFI topology and different crystal sizes and porosities were explored for the conversion of carbohydrate-biomass-derived α-angelica lactone and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, in 1-butanol at T=120–170 °C, to give levulinate esters and furanic ethers. Micro/mesoporous microcrystalline catalysts were prepared by post-synthesis base/acid treatments of ZSM-5 zeolite; the influence of the desilication (base) conditions on the material properties was investigated. A nanocrystalline ZSM-5 sample was synthesised by using hydrothermal, dynamic conditions and used as a reference material. A comparison of the catalytic performances of materials featuring different morphological, textural, and acid properties highlights a complex interplay between the acid and textural properties. The best-performing catalyst (MZS0.6) was obtained by post-synthesis-treatment; fairly good catalytic stability was confirmed by catalyst recycling, contact tests, and characterisation of the spent catalyst. MZS0.6 was compared with the macrorecticular ion-exchange resin Amberlyst-15, chosen as a benchmark solid acid catalyst, in the two reaction systems.

A fructose-based biomass catalytic conversion systems furan derivatives

A method for preparing furan derivatives by catalytic conversion of fructose-based biomass is characterized by: taking biomass such as fructose, cane sugar, inulin and the like as raw materials, taking low-boiling-point alcohols comprising aliphatic alcohols or alicyclic alcohols all with six or less than six carbon atoms as a solvent, and under the effect of a catalyst, performing reactions comprising hydrolysis, dehydration, etherfication and the like for coupling so as to obtain furan derivatives such as 5-alkoxymethyl furfural, levulinate esters, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and the like. The method has the advantages of high raw material utilization rate, high in-situ coupling efficiency in the dehydration and etherfication reactions, and easily separated and purified system.

Heterogeneous acidic TiO2 nanoparticles for efficient conversion of biomass derived carbohydrates

Selective conversion of biomass derived carbohydrates into fine chemicals is of great significance for the replacement of petroleum feedstocks and the reduction of environmental impacts. Levulinic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and their derivatives are recognized as important precursor candidates in a variety of different areas. In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of acidic TiO2 nanoparticles in the conversion of biomass derived carbohydrates were explored. This catalyst was found to be highly effective for selective conversion to value-added products. The nanoparticles exhibited superior activity and selectivity towards methyl levulinate from fructose in comparison to current commercial catalysts. The conversion of fructose to methyl levulinate was achieved with 80% yield and high selectivity (up to 80%). Additionally, conversions of disaccharides and polysaccharides were studied. Further, the production of versatile valuable products such as levulinic esters, HMF, and HMF-derived ethers was demonstrated using the TiO2 nano-sized catalysts in different solvent systems.

Preparation of potential biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and other 5-alkoxymethylfurfurals in the presence of oil shale ash

5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) can be prepared from the corresponding halomethylfurfural and absolute ethanol in good yield. The use of significantly more affordable 96% ethanol results in formation of levulinic acid or its ester in considerable amount (up to 16%), which is difficult to separate from the desired EMF. In the present study we report that the addition of oil shale ash prevents the hydrolysis of the furan ring and enables the use of 96% ethanol with great success. The developed procedure is applicable to a wide range of aqueous alcohols, is operationally simple and utilizes an inexpensive basic ash, which is deposited in millions of tons per year. Notably, the basicity of the ash is decreased during the process, making its deposits less hazardous to the environment.

Conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and alkyl levulinates catalyzed by sulfonic acid-functionalized carbon materials

A series of sulfonic acid-functionalized carbon materials (C-SO 3H), including poly(p-styrenesulfonic acid)-grafted carbon nanotubes (CNT-PSSA), poly(p-styrenesulfonic acid)-grafted carbon nanofibers (CNF-PSSA), benzenesulfonic acid-grafted CMK-5 (CMK-5-BSA), and benzenesulfonic acid-grafted carbon nanotubes (CNT-BSA), have been studied for fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and fructose alcoholysis to alkyl levulinate. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as the catalyst loading, the reaction time, and the temperature has been performed. Under the optimal conditions, high HMF and ethyl levulinate yields of up to 89% and 86%, respectively, are obtained. The catalytic activities of C-SO3H for the conversions of fructose into both HMF and ethyl levulinate follow the order of their acid strength. The relationship between the catalytic activity and acid density of C-SO3H shows a linear correspondence in the fructose dehydration to HMF. The facile separation, ease of recovery, and high thermal stability make the developed C-SO3H efficient and environment-friendly catalytic materials for transforming biomass carbohydrate into fine chemicals.

METHOD OF PRODUCING 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL FROM CARBOHYDRATES

Disclosed herein is a process for preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural comprising the step of contacting a carbohydrate and a Br?nsted acid in an alcoholic solvent comprising an alcohol selected from the group consisting of secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, aryl alcohols and combinations thereof under conditions to dehydrate the carbohydrate thereby forming a reaction product containing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Etherification and reductive etherification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural: 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfurals and 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furans as potential bio-diesel candidates

A low energy intensive process for the production of diesel fuel has been delineated from both 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and its sugar precursor d-(-)-fructose. Alcoholic solutions of the above produced a mixture of potential bio-diesel candidates namely, 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural, 5-(alkoxymethyl) furfural dialkylacetal, and alkyl levulinate, in the presence of solid acid catalysts. Sulfonic acid functionalized resins, Amberlyst-15 and Dowex DR2030 showed exceptional reactivity and selectivity for these reactions. Production of another potential diesel candidate 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furan has been optimized through both sequential reduction/etherification and one-pot reductive etherification processes. During the metal catalyzed hydrogenation of HMF, platinum showed an exclusive selectivity for the reduction of the carbonyl functionality of HMF. Both Pt and Pt/Sn supported on Al2O3 catalysts have been optimized for the production of 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furan from HMF. The reaction mechanisms of etherification and reductive etherification have been discussed in detail on the basis of intermediates observed during these processes. The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Method for Producing Biofuel Using Marine Algae-Derived Galactan

Disclosed is a method of preparing a petroleum-alternative bio fuel material such as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), 5-alkoxymethyl-2-furfural, levulinic acid alkil ester, etc. through a single process without saccharification, using a catalyst conversion reaction, from galactan that can be massively supplied at low costs and extracted from macroalgae of marine reusable resources. Thus, the macroalgae of the marine biomass resources is used so that a carbon source can be more easily extracted than that of a lignocellulosic biomass resource without a problem of having an effect on grain price like a crop-based biomass.

The production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose in isopropyl alcohol: A green and efficient system

Solving problems: An isopropyl alcohol-mediated reaction system for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from fructose reaches a yield of up to 87 %. The solvent can be easily recycled by evaporation, giving the HMF product. The system avoids the use of large amounts of organic solvent, has a minimal environmental impact, and offers a new route to large-scale economically viable processes.