2153-08-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
2-Chloro-p-acetophenetidide is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, leveraging its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It serves as a crucial component in the development of new drugs that can potentially offer relief from pain and reduce inflammation.
Used in Agrochemical Industry:
In the agrochemical sector, 2-Chloro-p-acetophenetidide is employed as an intermediate in the production of various agrochemicals, contributing to the development of products that enhance crop protection and management.
Used in Dye and Pigment Production:
2-Chloro-p-acetophenetidide is utilized as a key component in the manufacturing process of dyes and pigments, where its chemical properties contribute to the creation of a diverse range of colorants for different applications.

InChI:InChI=1/C10H12ClNO2/c1-2-14-9-5-3-8(4-6-9)12-10(13)7-11/h3-6H,2,7H2,1H3,(H,12,13)

Upstream product

• 79-04-9 chloroacetyl chloride 
• 156-43-4 4-Ethoxyaniline 
• 79-07-2 Chloroacetamide 

Downstream Products

• 58479-94-0 N-Piperidinoacetyl-4-ethoxyanilin 
• 103-97-9 Phenocoll 
• 17823-26-6 2-(4-ethoxy-anilino)-thiazol-4-one 
• 99841-71-1 (4-ethoxy-phenylcarbamimidoylmercapto)-acetic acid 
• 65447-01-0 N,N-diethyl-glycine p-phenetidide 
• 40403-45-0 N,N'-bis-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-2-chloro-acetamidine 
• 380195-34-6 chloro-acetic acid-(4-ethoxy-2-nitro-anilide) 
• 861036-54-6 (6-ethoxy-3-chloro-2-chloromethyl-[4]quinolyl)-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-amine 
• 21303-71-9 1,4-bis(4-ethoxyphenyl)piperazine-2,5-dione 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel FXR agonists based on auraptene

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been considered as an attractive target for metabolic disorder and liver injury, while many current FXR agonists suffer from undesirable side effects, such as pruritus. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new structure types different from current FXR agonists. In this study, a series of structural optimizations were introduced to displace the unstable coumarin and geraniol scaffolds of auraptene (AUR), a novel and safe FXR agonist. All of these efforts led to the identification of compound 14, a potent FXR agonist with nearly fourfold higher activity than AUR. Molecular modeling study suggested that compound 14 fitted well with binding pocket, and formed the key ionic bond with His291 and Arg328. In acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury model, compound 14 exerts better therapeutic effect than that of AUR, which highlighting its pharmacological potential in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury.

New Mercaptoacetamide Derivatives: Synthesis and Assessment as Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Agents

During last few years, the frightening elevation of bacterial resistance was accompanied by dramatic decline in recent treatments of infectious diseases, which became a point of anxiety for healthcare industries. MDR and XDR strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) result in the tuberculosis. In this regard, herein, a series of new mercaptoacetamide derivatives were synthesized via multipot synthetic pathway and the rationale was the appraisal of bioactivity in compact heteronuclei and their assessment as potential antimicrobial and antimycobacterial agents against virulent strain of Mtb, H37Ra for structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies. The inhibition zones of compounds 4c and 4e were found to be nearest to that of standard drug Ciprofloxacin, while compounds 4h and 4j were mild to moderately active against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococus pneumonia) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli). MIC90 assays indicated that new mercaptoacetamides did not exhibit in vitro activity against Mtb in contrast to Rifampicin and Streptomycin, first-line antimycobacterial chemotherapeutic agents. According to the present study, it was concluded that mercaptoacetamides of the new series succeeded as antimicrobial agents but could not develop as potential lead compounds against Mtb when tested in concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 μg/mL.

Cink4T, a quinazolinone-based dual inhibitor of Cdk4 and tubulin polymerization, identified via ligand-based virtual screening, for efficient anticancer therapy

Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) prevents cancer cells from entering the early G0/G1 phase of the cell division cycle whereas inhibiting tubulin polymerization blocks cancer cells’ ability to undergo mitosis (M) late in the cell cycle. We had reported earlier that two non-planar and relatively non-toxic fascaplysin derivatives, an indole and a tryptoline, inhibit Cdk4 with IC50 values of 6.2 and 10 μM, respectively. Serendipitously, we had also found that they inhibited tubulin polymerization. The molecules were efficacious in mouse tumor models. We have now identified Cink4T in a 59-compound quinazolinone library, designed on the basis of ligand-based virtual screening, as a compound that inhibits Cdk4 and tubulin. Its IC50 value for Cdk4 inhibition is 0.47 μM and >50 μM for inhibition of Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdk6, Cdk9. Cink4T inhibits tubulin polymerization with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. Molecular modelling studies on Cink4T with Cdk4 and tubulin crystal structures lend support to these observations. Cancer cell cycle analyses confirm that Cink4T blocks cells at both G0/G1 and M phases as it should if it were to inhibit both Cdk4 and tubulin polymerization. Our results show, for the very first time, that virtual screening can be used to design novel inhibitors that can potently block two crucial phases of the cell division cycle.

CYP enzymes, expressed within live human suspension cells, are superior to widely-used microsomal enzymes in identifying potent CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors: Identification of quinazolinones as CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors that efficiently reverse B[a]P toxicity and cisplatin resistance

Microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, isolated from recombinant bacterial/insect/yeast cells, are extensively used for drug metabolism studies. However, they may not always portray how a developmental drug would behave in human cells with intact intracellular transport mechanisms. This study emphasizes the usefulness of human HEK293 kidney cells, grown in ‘suspension’ for expression of CYPs, in finding potent CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors, as possible anticancer agents. With live cell-based assays, quinazolinones 9i/9b were found to be selective CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors with IC50 values of 30/21 nM, and > 150-fold selectivity over CYP2/3 enzymes, whereas they were far less active using commercially-available CYP1A1/CYP1B1 microsomal enzymes (IC50, >10/1.3–1.7 μM). Compound 9i prevented CYP1A1-mediated benzo[a]pyrene-toxicity in normal fibroblasts whereas 9b completely reversed cisplatin resistance in PC-3/prostate, COR-L23/lung, MIAPaCa-2/pancreatic and LS174T/colon cancer cells, underlining the human-cell-assays’ potential. Our results indicate that the most potent CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors would not have been identified if one had relied merely on microsomal enzymes.

Synthesis, in?vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel triazine-triazole derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors

A novel series of triazine-triazole derivatives 7a–7m were synthesized, characterized by1H NMR and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All the synthesized compounds displayed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50range of 11.63?±?0.15 to 37.44?±?0.35?μM, when compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50?=?817.38?±?6.27?μM). Among the series, compound 7i (IC50?=?11.63?±?0.15?μM) bearing 2,5-dichloro substitution at phenyl ring, represented the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies of the most active compounds with the homology modelled α-glucosidase were also performed to explore the possible inhibitory mechanism. Our studies shown that these triazine-triazole derivatives are a new class of α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Synthesis, molecular docking and α-glucosidase inhibition of 2-((5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio)-N-arylacetamides

A novel series of 2-((5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)thio)-N-arylacetamides 5a–5q have been synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All newly synthesized compounds exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the range of IC50?=?12.46?±?0.13–72.68?±?0.20?μM, when compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50?=?817.38?±?6.27?μM). Among the series, compound 5j (12.46?±?0.13?μM) with strong electron-withdrawing nitro group on the arylacetamide moiety was identified as the most potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase. Molecular docking study was carried out to explore the binding interactions of these compounds with α-glucosidase. Our study identifies a novel series of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors for further investigation.

In vitro biological investigations of novel piperazine based heterocycles

Eleven N.phenyl- and 11 N.benzothiazolyl-2-(4-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)acetamides have been synthesised by a simple and efficient method. The 22 novel compounds were tested for their in vitro biological efficacy against two Grampositive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria, two fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The bioassay results revealed that the majority of the N.benzothiazole-substituted piperazine derivatives exhibited moderate to good bioefficacies with encouraging MICs. The influence of the presence or absence of various electron-withdrawing or -donating functional groups on the aryl acetamide moiety on the different bioassay results is discussed.

A facile and green synthesis of novel imide and amidic acid derivatives of phenacetin as potential analgesic and anti-pyretic agents

Facile and green syntheses of potential analgesic and antipyretic compounds, N-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-2-(1,3- dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)acetamide derivatives 6a-g and N-[(4-ethoxy-phenylcarbamoyl)methyl]phthalamic acid derivatives 10a-g have been developed. Two synthetic routes (A and B) have been established for the preparation of 6a-g. In the route-A, 4-ethoxyaniline 2 was reacted with chloroacetyl chloride 3 in a solution of potassium acetate and acetic acid to yield N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-chloroacetamide 4. The latter was reacted with imide compounds 5a-g either in triethanolamine as a green solvent or in solid phase in the presence of TEBAC and KI to yield 6a-g. Alternatively, in the route-B, reaction of anhydrides 7a-g with glycine 8 yielded the (1, 3-dioxo-1, 3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)acetic acid derivatives 9a-g which on reaction with 2 either in triethnolamine and DCC as a dehydrating agent or in solid phase in the presence of DCC gave 6a-g. The latter were hydrolyzed in 0.5N ethanolic KOH to afford 10a-g.

Synthesis of coumarin-based 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2ylthio-N-phenyl/benzothiazolyl acetamides as antimicrobial and antituberculosis agents

In an attempt to find new agents to fight against microbial infections, a series of coumarin-based 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2ylthio-N-phenyl/benzothiazolyl acetamides was synthesized starting from coumarin-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester obtained through Knoevenagel and Pinner reaction. In vitro antimicrobial activity against several bacteria (S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, P. vulgaris, S. flexneri), fungi (A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. clavatus, C. albicans) and antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain was assessed. This study shows to what extent the presence of various electron withdrawing/donating substituents on the phenyl or benzothiazole ring affects the activity profiles of the newer molecules. The relationship between activity profiles (MICs, 3.12-25 μg/mL) and the lipophilic character (LogP) of the prepared products is also discussed and the MIC values of the active conjugates seem to correlate to some extent with the lipophilicity profiles. Two (5e and 6c) of the final analogues displayed promising antimycobacterial activity at 12.5 μg/mL of MIC, half fold potent to the standard drug pyrazinamide (6.25 μg/mL). Compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

New quinolinyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles: Synthesis, in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antituberculosis studies

In order to generate hybrid antimicrobial remedies with novel mode of action, two series of quinoline based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives condensed with N-aryl/benzothiazolyl acetamides were synthesized and the MIC values of the compounds towards eight reference bacterial strains (S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, P. vulgaris, S. flexneri), four fungi (A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. clavatus, C. albicans) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv were assayed in vitro. Quinoline-6-carboxlic acid was treated with thionyl chloride in refluxing methanol to obtain the corresponding ester derivative to be hydrazinolyzed by 99% hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to produce carbohydrazide intermediate. The carbohydrazide precursor underwent cyclization by carbon disulfide and ethanolic KOH to construct 5-quinolinyl-6-yl-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-thiol. Substituted 2-chloro-N-phenyl(benzothiazolyl)aceta-mide derivatives were then condensed to 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus via sulphur linkage to yield the desired products. Target products bearing N-benzothiazolyl-2- chloroacetamides displayed good inhibitory potential. The biological screening identified that many final analogues exhibited a significant inhibition of the growth of microorganisms at 3.12-25 μg/mL of MIC, which were comparable to control drugs. The influence of the presence of various functional groups to the phenyl/benzothiazolyl ring on activity profiles was investigated. The proposed structures of the newly prepared products were confirmed with the aid of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These results may provide new insights in the design of a novel pool of bioactive templates.