28860-95-9 Usage
Chemical Properties
White Solid
Originator
Sinemet,Merck Sharp and
Dohme,Italy,1974
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 28860-95-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. (S)-(-)-Carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor that is commonly used in combination with L-DOPA (D533751) for treatment of Parkinsonism. S(-)-Carbidopa ( has also been shown to prolong the elimination half-life of L-DOPA from blood plasma and skeletal muscle.
2. (S)-(-)-Carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor that is commonly used in combination with L-DOPA (D533751) for treatment of Parkinsonism. S(-)-Carbidopa ( has also been shown to prolong the
elimination half-life of L-DOPA from blood plasma and skeletal muscle.
3. in combinaison with levodopa as antiparkinsonian;inhibits aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DOPA Decarboxylase or DDC)
Definition
ChEBI: 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversi
n of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.
Manufacturing Process
To a solution of vanillin in toluene is added nitroethane, butylamine and glacial
acetic acid. The mixture is refluxed and the water of reaction is steadily
azeotropically removed by distillation. After the theoretical amount of water is
distilled out, distillation is continued to remove excess reactants. The last
trace of excess reactants is then removed at room temperature under a
vacuum. The product is then triturated with a hydrocarbon solvent such as
Skellysolve B and is thus obtained in a crystalline state. In general, however,
it is preferred to dissolve the residue directly in toluene for use in the next
step, without isolating the 1-(2-nitropropen-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-
methoxybenzene.A mixture of iron, ferric chloride and water is added to the toluene solution.
The mixture is heated to reflux and concentrated hydrochloric acid is added
dropwise at a rate calculated to keep the mixture refluxing vigorously. After
the hydrochloric acid is all added, the refluxing is continued by the application
of heat for several hours. A siliceous filter aid is then added to the cooled
reaction mixture and the material is removed by filtration. The filter cake is
washed four times, each time with 90 ml of benzene. The organic layer is then
separated from the filtrate. The water layer is acidified to a pH of 2 and
extracted three times with 90 ml portions of benzene.These extracts are then combined with the organic solvent layer and the
combined organic phase is extracted four times with 100 ml portions of water.
It is then stirred for an hour with 230 ml of 10% sodium bisulfite solution.
The organic solvent phase is then separated, washed seven times with 100 ml
portions of water and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the
solvent gives 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone in the form of an
oil.A mixture of 59.5 g of that oily product, 1.85 liters of benzene and 1 kg of
potassium bisulfite in 200 liters of water is stirred at room temperature for
two hours. The precipitated bisulfite addition product of the ketone is isolated
by filtration and washed with isopropanol and then with ether. Five hundred
grams of the adduct is mixed with 119.5 g of potassium cyanide, 292 ml of
85% hydrazine hydrate and 910 ml of water. The mixture is stirred overnight
at room temperature after which the product is isolated by filtration. The
product is washed 3 times with 250 ml portions of water and then 3 times
with 230 ml portions of ether. It is then air dried and vacuum dried at room
temperature.Fifty cubic centimeters of concentrated hydrochloric acid is saturated with
hydrogen chloride gas at -10°C. To the solution is then added 2.5 g of the
intermediate product, of the formula shown above, slowly with vigorous
stirring. The mixture is allowed to stir overnight while warming at room
temperature gradually. It is then concentrated in vacuo to a syrup. To the
residual syrup is added 100 ml of 48% hydrobromic acid. The reaction vessel
is purged with nitrogen and the reaction mixture is then refluxed for 3 hours
after which it is concentrated in vacuo to a mixture of a syrup and a solid. The residue is taken up in sufficient water to form a clear solution. Activated
charcoal is added and the mixture is heated to boiling and filtered.The filtrate is concentrated to dryness in vacuo and the residue is taken up in
25 cc of ethanol. The residual ammonium bromide is removed by filtration and
to the filtrate there is added sufficient diethylamine to change the pH to 6.4.
The mixture is warmed to 60°C and then cooled to room temperature. It is
then allowed to stand overnight to effect complete crystallization. It is then
cooled to 0°C and the product is isolated by filtration, washed with methanol
and air dried. The product (α-hydrazino-α-methyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-
propionic acid) is recrystallized once from water using a proportion of 15 cc
water per gram of product.
Brand name
Lodosyn (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
Therapeutic Function
Muscle relaxant, Antiparkinsonian
General Description
Carbidopa is used for treating restless legs (RL) syndrome and periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS). Carbidopa along with levodopa is used to treat Parkinson′s disease.
Biological Activity
Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, used in combination with levodopa for treatment of Parkinsonism.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Peripheral inhibitor of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. When co-administered with L-DOPA, it prevents extra-CNS conversion to dopamine, thereby increasing CNS concentrations of effective compounds. Selectively cytotoxic to human pulmonary carcinoid and small cell lung carcinoma cells by increasing H2O2 in these cell lines, which are sensitive to reactive oxygen species.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 28860-95-9 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,8,8,6 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 28860-95:
(7*2)+(6*8)+(5*8)+(4*6)+(3*0)+(2*9)+(1*5)=149
149 % 10 = 9
So 28860-95-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C10H14N2O4.H2O/c1-10(12-11,9(15)16)5-6-2-3-7(13)8(14)4-6;/h2-4,12-14H,5,11H2,1H3,(H,15,16);1H2/t10-;/m0./s1
28860-95-9Relevant articles and documents
Chiral lithium binaphtholate for enantioselective amination of acyclic α-alkyl-β-keto esters: Application to the total synthesis of L-carbidopa
Asano, Toshifumi,Moritani, Miyuki,Nakajima, Makoto,Kotani, Shunsuke
, p. 5975 - 5982 (2017/09/18)
A chiral lithium binaphtholate catalyzes the enantioselective amination of α-alkyl-β-keto esters with azodicarboxylates to produce optically active α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid derivatives in high yields and with good to high enantioselectivities. A stoichiometric amount of lithium hydroxide efficaciously improved both the reactivity and enantioselectivity of amination. The resulting aminated product is readily convertible to L-carbidopa.
Synthesis of dendrimer-type chiral stationary phases based on the selector of (1S,2R)-(+)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol derivate and their enantioseparation evaluation by HPLC
He, Bao-Jiang,Yin, Chuan-Qi,Li, Shi-Rong,Bai, Zheng-Wu
experimental part, p. 69 - 76 (2010/09/09)
In our recent work, a series of dendritic chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were synthesized, in which the chiral selector was L-2-(p-toluenesulfonamido)-3- phenylpropionyl chloride (selector I), and the CSP derived from three-generation dendrimer showed the best separation ability. To further investigate the influence of the structures of dendrimer and chiral selector on enantioseparation ability, in this work, another series CSPs (CSPs 1-4) were prepared by immobilizing (1S,2R)-1,2-diphenyl-2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl 4-isocyanatophenylcarbamate (selector II) on one- to four-generation dendrimers that were prepared in previous work. CSPs 1 and 4 demonstrated the equivalent enantioseparation ability. CSPs 2 and 3 showed the best and poorest enantioseparation ability respectively. Basically, these two series of CSPs exhibited the equivalent enantioseparation ability although the chiral selectors were different. Considering the enantioseparation ability of the CSP derived from aminated silica gel and selector II is much better than that of the one derived from aminated silica gel and selector I, it is believed that the dendrimer conformation essentially impacts enantioseparation.
Kinetic study of the reaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with hydrazino compounds of pharmacological activity
Echevarria-Gorostidi,Basagoitia,Pizarro,Goldsmid,Blanco,Blanco
, p. 837 - 844 (2007/10/03)
The kinetics of the reaction between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) with carbidopa, hydralazine, and isoniazid, in aqueous solution at variable pH and constant ionic strength of 0.1M was studied spectrophotometrically. The rate constants of formation and hydrolysis of the resulting Schiff base, and its stability were determined in a wide range of pH. A comparison is made of the formation rate constants with those of PLP with hydrazine. The reactivity shows the sequence isoniazid > hydrazine > carbidopa > hydralazine in the whole range of pH studied. The Schiff bases studied are more stable than those formed by PLP and hexylamine and as stable as those described for the reactions of PLP with poly(L-lysine) or copolypeptides containing L-lysine.
