315-14-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
TYK2 INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
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Paragraph 00846, (2020/06/19)
The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same for the inhibition of TYK2, and the treatment of TYK2-mediated disorders.
Highly potent, selective, and orally active phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors
Malamas, Michael S.,Ni, Yike,Erdei, James,Stange, Hans,Schindler, Rudolf,Lankau, Hans-Joachim,Grunwald, Christian,Fan, Kristi Yi,Parris, Kevin,Langen, Barbara,Egerland, Ute,Hage, Thorsten,Marquis, Karen L.,Grauer, Steve,Brennan, Julie,Navarra, Rachel,Graf, Radka,Harrison, Boyd L.,Robichaud, Albert,Kronbach, Thomas,Pangalos, Menelas N.,Hoefgen, Norbert,Brandon, Nicholas J.
scheme or table, p. 7621 - 7638 (2012/01/05)
The identification of highly potent and orally active phenylpyrazines for the inhibition of PDE10A is reported. The new analogues exhibit subnanomolar potency for PDE10A, demonstrate high selectivity against all other members of the PDE family, and show desired druglike properties. Employing structure-based drug design approaches, we methodically explored two key regions of the binding pocket of the PDE10A enzyme to alter the planarity of the parent compound 1 and optimize its affinity for PDE10A. Bulky substituents at the C9 position led to elimination of the mutagenicity of 1, while a crucial hydrogen bond interaction with Glu716 markedly enhanced its potency and selectivity. A systematic assessment of the ADME and PK properties of the new analogues led to druglike development candidates. One of the more potent compounds, 96, displayed an IC50 for PDE10A of 0.7 nM and was active in predictive antipsychotic animal models.
Chemistry of superacids: 35. * NO2Cl-3MXN systems: Superelectrophilic aprotic nitrating agents for deactivated aromatics
Olah,Orlinkov,Ramaiah,Oxyzoglou,Prakash
, p. 924 - 927 (2007/10/03)
Superelectrophilic nitration of deactivated aromatics with NO2Cl-3MXn complexes in aprotic nonpolar solvents such as CH2Cl2 makes it possible to obtain the corresponding nitro derivatives in good to almost quantitative yields under mild conditions.
The Effect of Fluorine Substitution on the Metabolism and Antimalarial Activity of Amodiaquine
O'Neill, Paul M.,Harrison, Anthony C.,Storr, Richard C.,Hawley, Shaun R.,Ward, Stephen A.,Park, B. Kevin
, p. 1362 - 1370 (2007/10/02)
Amodiaquine (AQ) (2) is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial which causes adverse side effects such as agranulocytosis and liver damage.The observed drug toxicity is believed to be related to the formation of an electrophilic metabolite, amodiaquine imine (AQQI), which can bind to cellular macro-molecules and initiate hypersensitivity reactions. 5'-Fluoroamodiaquine (5'-FAQ, 3), 5',6'-difluoroamodiaquine (5',6'-DIFAQ, 4), 2',6'-difluoroamodiaquine (2',6'-DIFAQ, 5), 2',5',6'-trifluoroamodiaquine (2',5',6'-TRIFAQ, 6) and 4'-dehydroxy-4'-fluoroamodiaquine (4'-deOH-4'-FAQ, 7) have been synthesized to assess the effect of fluorine substitution on the oxidation potential, metabolism, and in vitro antimalarial activity of amodiaquine.The oxidation potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry, and it was observed that substitution at the 2',6'- and 4'-positions (2',6'-DIFAQ and 4'-deOH'4'-FAQ) produced analogues with significantly higher oxidation potentials than the parent drug.Fluorine substitution at the 2',6'-positions and 4'-position also produced analogues that were more resistant to bioactivation.Thus 2',6'-DIFAQ and 4'-deOH-4'-FAQ produced thioether conjugates corresponding to 2.17percent (SD: +/-0.27percent) and 0percent of the dose compared with 11.87percent (SD: +/-1.31percent) of the dose for amodiaquine.In general the fluorinated analogues had similar in vitro antimalarial activity to amodiaquine against the chloroquine resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and the chloroquine sensitive T9-96 strain of P. falciparum with the notable exception of 2',5',6'-TRIFAQ (6).The data presented indicate that fluorine substitution at the 2',6'-positions and replacement of the 4'-hydroxyl of amodiaquine with fluorine produces analogues ( 5 and 7) that maintain antimalarial efficacy in vitro and are more resistant to oxidation and hence less likely to form toxic quinone imine metabolites.
The effect of fluorine substitution on the physicochemical properties and the analgesic activity of paracetamol
Barnard,Storr,O'Neill,Park
, p. 736 - 744 (2007/10/02)
The physicochemical properties and analgesic action of six fluorinated analogues of 4-hydroxyacetanilide (paracetamol) have been investigated. Fluorine substitution adjacent to the hydroxyl group increased lipophilicity and oxidation potential whilst substitution adjacent to the amide had little effect on lipophilicity but led to a greater increase in oxidation potential. Lack of coplanarity and conjugation of the amide group and aromatic ring was also apparent with the analogues that had fluorine in the 2 and 6 positions. Introduction of fluorine into the amide group of paracetamol increased the lipophilicity 4-fold and also increased the oxidation potential of paracetamol. ED50 values for analgesic activity in the phenylquinone-induced abdominal constriction test on male Swiss White mice showed that ring substitution by fluorine reduced activity, especially at the 2,6-positions. Introduction of fluorine into the amide group enhanced activity significantly. Correlation of the analgesic activity with the physicochemical properties indicated that conjugation (and planarity) of the amide group with the aromatic ring is essential for activity and that ease of oxidation may also be an important factor.
Thieno[3,2-b]-[1,5]benzodiazepines
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, (2008/06/13)
Thieno[1,5]benzodiazepines having useful CNS activity containing the novel tricyclic ring system: STR1 the 10-position being substituted by an amino, preferably a piperazino, group.
