3354-31-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Cyclo(Phe-Leu) is used as a bioactive compound for its potential therapeutic properties. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria, suggesting its use in the development of new drugs for treating cancer and bacterial infections.
Used in Healthcare Industry:
Cyclo(Phe-Leu) is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for its potential to treat inflammatory diseases. Its anti-inflammatory effects make it a promising candidate for the development of new treatments for conditions characterized by inflammation.

Upstream product

• 13033-84-6 D-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride 
• 38155-45-2 methyl L-phenylalanyl-L-leucinate hydrochloride 
• 7524-50-7 methyl (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate hydrochloride 
• 3081-24-1 H-Phe-OEt 
• 13734-34-4 N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine 
• 2666-93-5 (S)-Leu-OMe 
• 1416817-77-0 C₁₇H₂₃N₃O₃ 
• 2743-60-4 L-Leucine ethyl ester 
• 35661-40-6 N-Fmoc L-Phe 
• 3063-05-6 Leu-Phe-OH 
• 13139-15-6 N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-leucine 
• 6461-07-0 methyl (S)-2-[(S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanamido]-3-phenylpropanoate hydrochloride 
• 15136-32-0 (N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-leucinyl)-L-phenylalanine methyl ester 
• 2953-42-6 Z-phenylalanylleucine ethyl ester 

Downstream Products

• 74124-69-9 (3Z,6S)-3-benzylidene-6-isobutylpiperazine-2,5-dione 
• 1222-90-8 (3Z,6Z)-3-benzylidene-6-(2-methylpropenyl)piperazine-2,5-dione 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Unified enantioselective total synthesis of 3,6-dioxygenated diketopiperazine natural products, diatretol and lepistamides A, B and C

The concise enantioselective total synthesis of Diatretol (1) has been achieved via 9 steps with 30％ yield. The synthetic approach involves stereoselective oxidation and regioselective transacetalization utilizing a folded conformation induced by an intramolecular CH/π interaction. In addition, we have also achieved total synthesis of three diketopiperazine natural products, Lepistamides A (2), B (3) and C (4).

Immobilized Carbodiimide Assisted Flow Combinatorial Protocol to Facilitate Amide Coupling and Lactamization

Through a screen of over one hundred and 30 permutations of reaction temperatures, solvents, carbodiimide resins, and carbodiimide molar equivalences, in the presence, absence, or combination of diisopropylamine and benzotriazole additives, a convenient and first reported carbodiimide polymer-assisted flow approach to effect amide coupling and lactamization was developed. The protocol entails injecting a single solution (1:9 dimethylformamide: dichloromethane) containing a carboxylic acid and an amine or linear peptide sequence into a continuous stream of dichloromethane. The protocol remained viable in the absence of base, did not require carboxylate preactivation which, and in concert with minimal workup requirements, enabled the isolation of products in high yields. Compared to the utilization of untethered carbodiimide reagents, the flow procedure was also observed to provide a degree of racemization safety.

Anti-biofilm and anti-adherence properties of novel cyclic dipeptides against oral pathogens

Microorganisms embedded in a biofilm are significantly more resistant to antimicrobial agents and the defences of the human immune system, than their planktonic counterpart. Consequently, compounds that can inhibit biofilm formation are of great interest for novel therapeutics. In this study, a screening approach was used to identify novel cyclic dipeptides that have anti-biofilm activity against oral pathogens. Five new active compounds were identified that prevent biofilm formation by the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans and the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. These compounds also inhibit the adherence of microorganisms to a hydroxylapatite surface. Further investigations were conducted on these compounds to establish the structure–activity relationship, and it was deduced that the common cleft pattern is required for these molecules to act effectively against biofilms.

Interfacial supramolecular biomimetic epoxidation catalysed by cyclic dipeptides

We synthesised a library of cis- and trans-cyclic dipeptides and evaluated their efficacy as catalysts in the asymmetric Weitz-Scheffer epoxidation of trans-chalcone. A thorough investigation relying on structure-activity studies and computational studies provided insights into the mechanism of the process. Our results revealed some structural features required for efficient conversion and for introduction of chirality into the product. The cyclic dipeptide acts as a catalyst by templating a supramolecular arrangement at the aqueous-organic interface required for efficient transformations to occur. Among all cyclic dipeptides investigated, cyclo(Leu-Leu) was the most efficient supramolecular catalyst.

Marine natural occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines: Isolation, synthesis and optical properties

Seven 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs) were isolated from the Fijian marine sponge Acanthella cavernosa. NMR and circular dichroism (CD) comparison with synthetic L-L DKPs allowed us to determine unambiguously the L-L absolute configuration of the natural DKPs. This work initiated the setting up of an optical properties database of natural DKPs, including specific rotation and CD.

Novel chiral N,N′-dimethyl-1,4-piperazines with metal binding abilities

With the objective of developing novel chiral ligands, we report an efficient strategy to prepare chiral N,N-dimethyl-1,4-piperazines, six-member heterocyclic molecules that possess metal binding features. We prepared and characterized 18 piperazines, and evaluated their ability to complex different mono- and divalent metals, using a rapid picrate extraction technique. Some newly prepared diamine ligands were used in diethylzinc alkylation of aryl aldehydes. Yields increased significantly in the presence of the diamine ligands, though enantioselectivity was low. The results demonstrate the validity of the approach for preparing and identifying useful chiral diamine ligands.

Facile one-step synthesis of 2,5-diketopiperazines

We report a one-step protocol for the general synthesis of 2,5-diketopiperazines from an Fmoc-protected amino acid and an amino acid ester. The application of the method is highlighted by rapid and efficient preparation of various 2,5-diketopiperazines.

Cyclic dipeptides exhibit potency for scavenging radicals

Twenty kinds of cyclic dipeptides containing l-leucine were synthesized, and their antioxidant activity against .OH and O2·- was investigated. Compounds possessing polar amino acid residues, such as Asp, Cys, Glu, Lys, Pro, Ser, and Trp, exhibited higher antioxidant activity against .OH than vitamin E. However, only cyclo(l-Cys-l-Leu) scavenged O2·-.

Dibutylphosphate (DBP) mediated synthesis of cyclic N,N′- disubstituted urea derivatives from amino esters: A comparative study

The N,N′-disubstituted urea derivatives such as amino acid hydantoins and dihydrouracil derivatives were prepared starting from natural and unnatural amino acid esters using dibutylphosphate (DBP). During the attempted synthesis of N-heterocycles with larger than six-membered rings containing the N,N′-disubstituted urea functionalities, three unexpected products namely squamolone, N-methyl pyrrolidine-2-one, and diketopiperazine were isolated.

Engineered transaminopeptidase, aminolysin-S for catalysis of peptide bond formation to give linear and cyclic dipeptides by one-pot reaction

Aminopeptidase from Streptomyces thermocyaneoviolaceus NBRC14271 was engineered into transaminopeptidase and used to catalyze an aminolysis reaction to give linear and cyclic dipeptides from cost-effective substrates such as the ester derivatives of amino