35065-27-1

Upstream product

• 7145-82-6 2,4,5-trichloroiodobenzene 
• 35065-29-3 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-Heptachlorobiphenyl 
• 636-30-6 2,4,5-trichloroaniline 
• 120-82-1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 
• 108-86-1 bromobenzene 
• 95-94-3 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 
• 15721-02-5 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl 

Downstream Products

• 92-52-4 biphenyl 
• 92-51-3 cyclohexylcyclohexane 
• 771-98-2 1-Phenylcyclohexene 
• 827-52-1 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexane 
• 2051-60-7 2-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl 
• 15862-07-4 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl 
• 33284-50-3 PCB 7 
• 70362-47-9 2,4,5,2'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Solvent extraction and tandem dechlorination for decontamination of soil

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines allow removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from soils via solvent extraction. This option holds promise for removal of other recalcitrant organic contaminants as well. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of solvent extraction with two tandem degradation techniques. The degradation techniques were chemical dehalogenation with immobilized reagents and γ-ray irradiation. The integrated approach was evaluated with contaminated soils from wood treatment and electric power substation sites. Evaluations were carried out on a bench scale in the laboratory and on a semi-pilot scale at a contaminated site. Binary solvent mixture of alkanes and alcohols yielded the highest extraction efficiencies. Extraction efficiencies in excess of 90% were obtained for PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Extracted PCBs were rapidly degraded through chemical dehalogenation or with high doses of the γ-ray irradiation. The residual organics in the solvent mixture were removed with activated carbon, and the solvent was recycled for subsequent soil extractions. Contaminants adsorbed on the activated carbon were destroyed with a counter flow oxidation process.

Reactivity features of polychlorobiphenyl congeners in the nucleophilic substitution reactions

Groups of congeners and individual congeners of polychlorobiphenyls contributing to the composition of the technical mixture "Sovol" (PCB 60, PCB 64, PCB 70, PCB 74, PCB 97, PCB 101, PCB 105, PCB 110, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 149, PCB 156, and PCB 163) were

METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND CLEANING UP POLYHALOGENATED BIPHENYLS

The method for separating and cleaning up polyhalogenated biphenyls (PHBs) is characterized by comprising the following three steps: (1) the step of bringing a sample containing PHBs into contact with a fibrous activated carbon; (2) the step of washing the fibrous activated carbon with hexanes; and (3) the step of eluting PHBs from the fibrous activated carbon.

Cross-coupling of polychloroarenes with phenylboronic acid and organozinc compounds catalyzed by palladium complexes

Hexachlorobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene react with phenylboronic acid by a C-C cross-coupling mechanism with a Pd(dba)2/P(Bu t)3 system (dba is dibenzylideneacetone) or palladium-azole complexes as catalysts, or with organozinc compounds in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 to afford substitution products of one or two chlorine atoms in moderate yields.

Removal of dioxins and related aromatic hydrocarbons from flue gas streams by adsorption and catalytic destruction

The dioxin removing capacity of the shell dedioxin system (SDDS a - Ti/V oxidative type catalyst) has been tested using the Umefa lab-scale incinerator over the temperature range 100 -230°C and at space velocities of 8000 and 40,000 h-1. Other analogous organic compounds, such as PCBs, PAHs, chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols have also been investigated. Results show a high degree of dioxin removal already at 100°C (82%), which occurs mainly by adsorption. When the temperature is raised a transition towards destruction is seen and at 150°C, gas hour space velocity (GHSV) 8000 and at 230°C, GHSV 40,000 virtually all removal is by destruction. High PCDD/F destruction efficiencies are reported (> 99.9%, based on I-TEQ); the other dioxin-related species and PAHs are also removed and destroyed to a significant extent. The SDDS has proved to be an effective means of destroying organic compounds in the gas phase, particularly dioxins, at temperatures as low as 150°C.

Linoleic acid amplifies polychlorinated biphenyl-mediated dysfunction of endothelial cells

Selected dietary lipids may increase the atherogenicity of environmental chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), by cross-amplifying mechanisms leading to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. To investigate this hypothesis, cultured endothelial cells were treated with 90 μM linoleic acid (18:2n-6), followed by either one of two PCBs, 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) or 2,2′4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153). These PCBs were selected for their varying binding activities with the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor and differences in their induction of cytochrome P450. PCB 77 disrupted endothelial barrier function by allowing an increase in albumin transfer across endothelial monolayers. Prior cellular enrichment with 18:2 before PCB treatment further diminished endothelial barrier function, as compared to cells treated only with the PCB. This phenomenon appears to be mediated by increased oxidative stress, which is supported by enhanced 2,7-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, activation data of the oxidative stress-sensitive nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as an observed decrease in vitamin E content in the culture media. Similar to the endothelial permeability data, pre-enrichment of cells with 18:2 further increased the PCB-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 1A. In contrast to PCB 77, PCB 153 (or 18:2 plus PCB153) had little or no effect on endothelial barrier function. Our results suggest that certain unsaturated fatty acids can potentiate PCB-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction and that oxidative stress and activation of the cytochrome P450 1A subfamily may be, in part, responsible for these metabolic events. These findings have implications for understanding the involvement of certain environmental contaminants in diseases that involve dysfunction of the vas-cular endothelium.

Physical, spectral and chromatographic properties of all 209 individual PCB congeners

Through the use of two capillary GC columns: 40% octadecyl/ 15% phenyl methyl siloxane and 50% phenyl methyl siloxane, it was possible to separate 201 PCB congeners with only four unresolved pairs. The data compiled in this study for all 209 congeners will aid in the identification of selected individual components of these environmental pollutants. The use of this data also presents the opportunity for the improved quantification of the commercial PCB formulations. -from Authors