95-94-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Production:
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is used as an intermediate in the chemical industry for the synthesis of dyes and pesticides. Its unique chemical structure allows for the creation of a variety of compounds with specific properties, making it valuable in the production of these products.
Used in Industrial Processes:
As a solvent, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene is utilized in various industrial applications. Its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances makes it a versatile component in processes that require effective solubility.
Used in Pesticide Production:
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene is used as a precursor in the manufacturing of certain pesticides. Its role in the synthesis of these agricultural chemicals contributes to their effectiveness in controlling pests and protecting crops.
Used in Dye Production:
In the textile and dye industry, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene is employed as a starting material for the production of dyes. Its chemical properties enable the creation of dyes with specific colorfastness and stability, enhancing the quality of the final products.

Upstream product

• 6639-30-1 2,4,5-trichlorotoluene 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 69733-49-9 acetic acid-(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-N-nitro-anilide) 
• 98-82-8 Isopropylbenzene 
• 6627-34-5 2,5-dichloro-4-nitroaniline 
• 20103-09-7 2,5-dichloro-1,4-phenylenediamine 
• 20248-64-0 4,6-dichloro-1,3-benzenediamine 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 
• 108-90-7 chlorobenzene 
• 95-50-1 1,2-dichloro-benzene 
• 108-88-3 toluene 
• 636-30-6 2,4,5-trichloroaniline 
• 120-82-1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 
• 71-43-2 benzene 

Downstream Products

• 6130-75-2 2,4,5-trichloroanisole 
• 95-95-4 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 
• 99129-11-0 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylsulfanyl)benzene 
• 13074-99-2 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dibromobenzene 
• 20098-38-8 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dinitrobenzene 
• 608-93-5 pentachlorobenzene 
• 118-74-1 hexachlorobenzene 
• 66693-20-7 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-diiodobenzene 
• 117-18-0 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloronitrobenzene 
• 32770-82-4 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-iodobenzene 
• 1198-57-8 -1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 
• 6358-15-2 2-amino-3,4,6-trichloro-phenol 
• 6851-44-1 2,4,5-trichloro-phenetole 
• 40707-31-1 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-benzenesulfonic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Facile Synthesis of a Fully Fused, Three-Dimensional ?-Conjugated Archimedean Cage with Magnetically Shielded Cavity

The synthesis of molecular cages consisting of fully fused, ?-conjugated rings is rare due to synthetic challenges including preorganization, large strain, and poor solubility. Herein, we report such an example in which a tris-2-aminobenzophenone precursor undergoes acid-mediated self-condensation to form a truncated tetrahedron, one of the 13 Archimedean solids. Formation of eight-membered [1,5]diazocine rings provides preorganization and releases the strain while still maintains weak ?-conjugation of the backbone. Thorough characterizations were performed by X-ray, NMR, and UV-vis analysis, assisted by theoretical calculations. The cage exhibits a rigid backbone structure with a well-defined cavity that confines a magnetically shielded environment. The solvent molecule, o-dichlorobenzene, is precisely encapsulated in the cavity at a 1:1 ratio with multiple ?···?, C-H···?, and halogen···πinteractions with the cage skeleton, implying its template effect for the cage closing reaction. Our synthetic strategy opens the opportunity to access more complex, fully fused, three-dimensional ?-conjugated cages.

Dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene by nano zero-valent iron/activated carbon composite: Iron loading, kinetics and pathway

Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and activated carbon composites were synthesized and employed to remove hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Methods of impregnation and adsorption were employed to firstly load iron salt onto activated carbon, and thus loaded iron was then reduced to form zero valent iron. Results indicate that the method of iron loading significantly impacted the amount of iron and HCB dechlorination. In general, nZVI/activated carbon composite synthesized using an adsorption method showed considerably higher removal efficiency and dechlorination capability. More than 80% of the HCB was dechlorinated after 48 h. The dechlorination of HCB followed a stepwise pathway: HCB (hexachlorobenzene) → PCB (pentachlorobenzene) → 1,2,4,5 TeCB (tetrachlorobenzene) → TriCB (trichlorobenzene) → 1,4 DCB (dichlorobenzene) → MCB (monochlorobenzene). Compared with activated carbon or nZVI, nZVI/activated carbon composite showed much higher HCB removal. Analysis of mass partition on solid and aqueous phases indicates that most of the HCB and its dechlorination intermediates were retained on solids probably due to the strong adsorption on activated carbon. In summary, activated carbon performs three important functions: it alleviated the limitation of nZVI agglomeration, contributed to HCB removal due to its own adsorption capability and increased the resistance of nZVI against pH change. This journal is

Selective C-F/C-H bond activation of fluoroarenes by cobalt complex supported with phosphine ligands

The reactions of pentafluoropyridine C5NF5, hexafluorobenzene C6F6, and perfluoronaphthalene C 10F8 with cobalt(0) complex, Co(PMe3) 4, were investigated. The Co(i) complexes (4-C5NF 4)Co(PMe3)3 (1), (C6F 5)Co(PMe3)3 (2), (C10F 7)Co(PMe3)3 (3), (4-C5NF 4)Co(PMe3)4 (4) and (C10F 7)Co(PMe3)4 (6) were obtained by selective activation of the C-F bonds. The reactions of 1 and 2 with CO afforded dicarbonyl cobalt(i) complexes (4-C5NF4)Co(CO) 2(PMe3)2 (7), (C6F 5)Co(CO)2(PMe3)2 (8). Under similar reaction conditions, 2 as a C-H bond activation product was obtained from the reaction of pentafluorobenzene, C6F5H, with Co(PMe 3)4. The byproducts, hydrodefluorination product 1,2,4,5-C6F4H2 and F2PMe3 from the reaction of C6F5H and Co(PMe3) 4 were also observed. The reaction mechanism of C6F 5H with Co(PMe3)4 is proposed and partly-experimentally verified. The reaction of C6F5H with Co(PMe3)4 under 1 bar of CO at room temperature afforded hydrido dicarbonyl cobalt(ii) complex (C6F5)Co(H)(CO) 2(PMe3)2 (11). Treatment of the mixtures of C6F5H/Co(PMe3)4 with hexachlorobenzene, C6Cl6, resulted in (C6F 5)CoCl(PMe3)3 (12) via C-H bond cleavage with the hydrodechlorination product pentachlorobenzene, C6Cl 5H, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, C6Cl4H 2. The structures of complexes 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 were determined by X-ray diffraction.

Efficient oxidative chlorination of aromatics on saturated sodium chloride solution

An efficient metal-free system using saturated aqueous sodium chloride/aqueous ammonium chloride solution as chlorine source and potassium persulfate as a cheap oxidant for the chlorination of various aromatic compounds including deactivated ones has been developed that proceeds without any acid additive in an excellent regioselective manner. The easy-to-handle aqueous solution/acetonitrile biphasic system as solvent and no need for precautionary measures make this process very practical. Copyright

New look into the synthesis of polyhalogenoarylphosphanes

The present study shows new aspects of the synthesis of polyhalogenoarylphosphanes. The sterically hindered anions Ph(R)P-Y- (1a-c, Y = O, lone pair; R = Ph, But) have been used to show the complexity of the reaction between phosphorus nucleophiles and hexahalogenobenzenes or 9-bromofluorene (E3). The Ph(But)P-O-(1a) anion reacts with hexachlorobenzene (E1), hexafluorobenzene (E2), or E3 to give Ph(R)P(O)X (4a-c, X = F, Cl, Br) with the release of the corresponding carbanion as a nucleofuge, followed by side reactions. In contrast, the lithium phosphides Ph(R)PLi (1b,c) react with hexahalogenobenzenes to give the corresponding diphosphanes 5a,b as the main product and traces of P-arylated products, i.e., Ph(R)P-C6X 5 (10a,b, X = Cl, F). Unexpectedly, Ph(But)PLi (1b) reacts with an excess of 9-bromofluorene to give only halogenophosphane Ph(Bu t)P-X. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Thermolysis of hexachlorocyclohexane in a flow-through packed reactor

Thermolysis of hexachlorocyclohexane in a flow-through packed system in an inert gas atmosphere was studied.

Reactions of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on model fly ash: Oxidation to CO and CO2, condensation to PCDD/F and conversion into related compounds

Thermal treatment of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on a magnesium silicate-based model fly ash in the temperature range between 250°C and 400°C leads predominantly to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The fraction of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol which is oxidized to CO and CO2 increases from 3% at 250°C to 75% at 400°C. Further products are polychlorinated benzenes, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and phenols. The homologue and isomer patterns of the chlorobenzenes suggest chlorination in the ipso-position of the trichlorophenol. The formation of PCDD from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol on municipal solid waste incinerator fly ashes and model fly ash were compared and the reaction order calculated.

Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line realtime detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI-TOFMS mass spectrometry

Correlations between products of incomplete combustion (PIC), e.g., chloroaromatic compounds, can be used to characterise the emissions from combustion processes, like municipal or hazardous waste incineration. A possible application of such relationships may be the on-line real-time monitoring of a characteristic surrogate, e.g., with Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS). In this paper, we report the relationships of homologues and individual congeners of chlorinated benzenes (PCBz), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and phenols (PCPh) to the International Toxicity Equivalent (I-TEQ) of the PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) in the flue gas and stack gas of a 22 MW hazardous waste incinerator (HWI). As the REMPI detection sensitivity is decreasing with the increase of the degree of chlorination, this study focuses on the lower chlorinated species of the compounds mentioned above. Lower chlorinated species, e.g., chlorobenzene (MCBz), 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 2,4,6-trichlorodibenzofuran or 2,4-dichlorophenol, were identified as I-TEQ surrogates in the flue gas. In contrast to the higher chlorinated phenols, the lower chlorinated phenols (degree of chlorination 4) were not reliable as surrogates in the stack gas. The identified surrogates are evaluated in terms of their detectability by REMPI-TOFMS laser mass spectrometry. The outcome is that MCBz is the best suited surrogate for (indirect) on-line measuring of the I-TEQ value in the flue gas by REMPI-TOFMS. The correlation coefficient r of the MCBz concentration to the I-TEQ in the flue gas was 0.85.

Hydrodechlorination of polychlorinated benzenes in the presence of a bimetallic catalyst in combination with a phase-transfer catalyst

Bimetallic supported catalysts (Pd-Ni/C and Ni-Cu/C) in combination with a phase-transfer catalyst were found efficient and selective in the liquid-phase hydrodechlorination of polychlorinated benzenes under mild conditions.