4249-19-8

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
S-b-aminoisobutyric acid is used as a key reactant in the chemoenzymatic assembly of cryptophycins, which are potent anticancer therapeutics. These compounds have demonstrated significant antitumor activity against various types of cancer, making them an important class of drugs in the fight against cancer.
In the synthesis of cryptophycins, S-b-aminoisobutyric acid plays a crucial role in the formation of the core structure of these complex natural products. Its unique β-amino acid moiety is essential for the biological activity of cryptophycins, contributing to their potent anticancer properties.
Furthermore, the use of S-b-aminoisobutyric acid in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of cryptophycins allows for the generation of a diverse range of analogs with varying biological activities. This enables researchers to optimize the therapeutic potential of these compounds and develop more effective cancer treatments.
Overall, S-b-aminoisobutyric acid is a valuable component in the development of innovative cancer therapies, with its unique structural features and reactivity playing a pivotal role in the synthesis of potent anticancer agents such as cryptophycins.

Upstream product

• 72342-65-5 (S)-(-)-2-Methylsuccinamic acid 
• 6061-13-8 (2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid 
• 132696-45-8 (R)-2-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl}propionic acid 
• 190897-47-3 (2S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropanoic acid 
• 7407-59-2 methylbutenedioic acid 
• 382180-28-1 3-amino-2-methyl-N,N-bis-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-propionamide 
• 351029-66-8 (S)-N-(2'-cyanopropyl)acetamide 
• 312613-77-7 (1R,2R)-(+)-pseudoephedrine-β-alanine amide 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 
• 252579-98-9 (1'R,5S)-1-(1'-phenylethyl)-5-methyldihydropyrimidin-2,4-dione 
• 183182-01-6 (2S,5S)-1-Benzoyl-2-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-4-one 
• 174785-09-2 (αS,2S)-N-α-methylbenzyl-3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid 

Downstream Products

• 178977-39-4 (S)-3-[(R)-2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionylamino]-2-methyl-propionic acid 
• 203854-58-4 Fmoc-(S)-β(2)hAla-OH 
• 1361150-31-3 3-(2,4-dinitro-phenylamino)-2-methyl-propionic acid 
• 1009-14-9 phenyl butyl ketone 
• 1671-76-7 p-Methoxyvalerophenon 
• 90013-12-0 (R)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pentanone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Unprotected β2-Amino Acids

We report here a scalable, catalytic one-pot approach to enantiopure and unmodified β2-amino acids. A newly developed confined imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) catalyzes a broadly applicable reaction of diverse bis-silyl ketene acetals with a silylated aminomethyl ether, followed by hydrolytic workup, to give free β2-amino acids in high yields, purity, and enantioselectivity. Importantly, both aromatic and aliphatic β2-amino acids can be obtained using this method. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the aminomethylation to proceed via silylium-based asymmetric counteranion-directed catalysis (Si-ACDC) and a transition state to explain the enantioselectivity is suggested on the basis of density functional theory calculation.

β2-Homo-amino acid scan of μ-selective opioid tetrapeptide TAPP

TAPP (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Phe-Phe-NH2) is a potent, μ-selective opioid ligand. In order to gain further insights into pharmacophoric features of this tetrapeptide, we have performed a β2-Homo-amino acid (β2hAA) scan of the TAPP sequence. To this aim, 10 novel analogues have been synthesized and evaluated for μ-opioid and δ-opioid receptor affinity as well as for stability in human plasma. The derivatives included compounds in which a (R)- or (S)-β2-Homo-Homologue replaced the amino acids in the TAPP sequence. The derivatives with (R)- or (S)-β2hPhe4 turned out to bind μOR with affinities equal to that of the parent. β2hAAs in position 1 and 3 resulted in rather large affinity decreases, but the change differed depending on the stereochemistry. β2-Homologation in the second position gave derivatives with very poor μOR binding. According to molecular modelling, the presented α/β-peptides adopt a variety of binding poses with their common element being an ionic interaction between a protonable amine of the first residue and Asp147. A feature required for high μOR affinity seems the ability to accommodate the ring in the fourth residue in a manner similar to that found for TAPP. Contrary to what might be expected, several compounds were significantly less stable in human plasma than the parent compound.

Absolute Configuration and Antibiotic Activity of Piceamycin

The cultivation of a Streptomyces sp. SD53 strain isolated from the gut of the silkworm Bombyx mori produced two macrolactam natural products, piceamycin (1) and bombyxamycin C (2). The planar structures of 1 and 2 were identified by a combination of NMR, MS, and UV spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations were assigned based on chemical and chromatographic methods as well as ECD calculations. A new chromatography-based experimental method for determining the configurations of stereogenic centers β to nitrogen atoms in macrolactams was established and successfully applied in this report. These compounds exhibited significant bioactivities against the silkworm entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis and various human pathogens as well as human cancer cell lines. In particular, piceamycin potently inhibited Salmonella enterica and Proteus hauseri with MIC values of 0.083 μg/mL and 0.025 μg/mL, respectively. The biosynthetic pathway involved in the formation of the cyclopentenone moiety in piceamycin is discussed.

Bombyxamycins A and B, Cytotoxic Macrocyclic Lactams from an Intestinal Bacterium of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Bombyxamycins A and B (1 and 2) were discovered from a silkworm gut Streptomyces bacterium. Spectroscopic analysis and multiple-step chemical derivatization identified them as 26-membered cyclic lactams with polyene features. Bombyxamycin A showed significant antibacterial and antiproliferative effects. The bombyxamycin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified by genetic analysis. Gene deletion experiments confirmed that the cytochrome P450 BomK is responsible for the generation of 2, which unprecedentedly bears tetrahydrofuran in its macrocyclic ring.

Modular Enzymatic Cascade Synthesis of Vitamin B5 and Its Derivatives

Access to vitamin B5 [(R)-pantothenic acid] and both diastereoisomers of α-methyl-substituted vitamin B5 [(R)- and (S)-3-((R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)-2-methylpropanoic acid] was achieved using a modular three-step biocatalytic cascade involving 3-methylaspartate ammonia lyase (MAL), aspartate-α-decarboxylase (ADC), β-methylaspartate-α-decarboxylase (CrpG) or glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and pantothenate synthetase (PS) enzymes. Starting from simple non-chiral dicarboxylic acids (either fumaric acid or mesaconic acid), vitamin B5 and both diastereoisomers of α-methyl-substituted vitamin B5, which are valuable precursors for promising antimicrobials against Plasmodium falciparum and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, can be generated in good yields (up to 70 %) and excellent enantiopurity (>99 % ee). This newly developed cascade process may be tailored and used for the biocatalytic production of various vitamin B5 derivatives by modifying the pantoyl or β-alanine moiety.

Diastereoselective total synthesis and structural confirmation of surugamide F

Surugamide F is a linear decapeptide (1) isolated along with the cyclic octapeptides surugamides A–E (2–6), from a marine-derived Streptomyces species. The linear peptide 1 is produced by two nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) encoded in adjacent open reading frames, which are further flanked by an additional pair of NRPS genes responsible for the biosyntheses of the cyclic peptides 2–6. While the cyclic peptides 2–6 were identified to be cathepsin B inhibitors, the biological activity of the new metabolite 1 still remained unclear. In order to elucidate its unique biosynthetic pathway and biological activity in detail, we planned to develop an efficient synthetic route toward 1. Here we report the diastereoselective total synthesis of 1, utilizing 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. During this study, we found that the structural correction of 1 was required, due to the mislabeling of the commercially obtained 3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid, and the true structure of 1 was corroborated by the chemical synthesis and chromatographic comparison.

Tripartilactam, a cyclobutane-bearing tricyclic lactam from a Streptomyces sp. in a dung beetle's brood ball

Tripartilactam, a structurally unprecedented cyclobutane-bearing tricyclic lactam metabolite, was discovered from Streptomyces sp. isolated from a brood ball of the dung beetle, Copris tripartitus. The structure of this compound was elucidated by the combination of NMR, MS, UV, and IR spectroscopy and multistep chemical derivatization. Tripartilactam was evaluated as a Na+/K + ATPase inhibitor (IC50 = 16.6 μg/mL).

Asymmetric synthesis of β2-amino acids: 2-substituted-3-aminopropanoic acids from N-acryloyl SuperQuat derivatives

Conjugate addition of lithium dibenzylamide to (S)-N(3)-acryloyl-4- isopropyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-one (derived from l-valine) and alkylation of the resultant lithium β-amino enolate provides, after deprotection, a range of (S)-2-alkyl-3-aminopropanoic acids in good yield and high ee. Alternatively, via a complementary pathway, conjugate addition of a range of secondary lithium amides to (S)-N(3)-(2′-alkylacryloyl)-4-isopropyl-5,5- dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones, diastereoselective protonation with 2-pyridone, and subsequent deprotection furnishes a range of (R)-2-alkyl- and (R)-2-aryl-3-aminopropanoic acids in good yield and high ee. Additionally, the boron-mediated aldol reaction of β-amino N-acyl oxazolidinones is a highly diastereoselective method for the synthesis of a range of β-amino- β′-hydroxy N-acyl oxazolidinones. The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Enantioselective synthesis of β-amino acids Part 13. Diastereoselective alkylation of dianions derived from chiral analogs of β-aminopropanoic acid containing the α-phenylethyl group

Inexpensive acryloyl chloride was converted in 91% overall yield to two derivatives of β-alanine, (R,R,R)-and (R,R,S)-6, containing two chiral auxiliaries. C-Alkylation of (R,R,R)- and (R,R,S)-6 via a dianion derivative, was performed by direct metallation with 2.2 equiv. of lithium hexamethyldisilazane (LHMDS) in THF at - 78°. C-Alkylation of (R,R,S)-6-Li2 ('matched' pair of chiral auxiliaries) afforded the mono-alkylated products 8-11 in 29-96% yield and 54-95% stereoselectivity. Employment of LiCl as an additive generally increased stereoselectivities, whereas the effect of HMPA as a cosolvent was erratic. Chemical correlation of the major diastereoisomer from the alkylation reactions with (S)-α-alkyl-β-alanine (12-15) showed that addition of the electrophile preferentially takes place on the enolate's Si-face. This conclusion is also supported by molecular-modeling studies (ab initio HF/3-21G), which indicate that the lowest-energy conformation for (R,R,S)-6-Li2 presents the more sterically hindered Re-face of the enolate. The theoretical studies also predict a determining role for N-Li-O chelation in (R,R,S)-6-Li2, giving rise to an interesting 'ion-triplet' configuration for the dilithium dianion.

Enantioselective synthesis of α,β-substituted β-amino acids

Chiral derivative 3 was shown to be a precursor of α and β-substituted β-amino acids as well as α,β-disubstituted β-amino acids. The key steps of the procedure are a diastereoselective alkylation of synthon 3 by organocuprates reagents and a diastereoselective alkylation of the alkylated adduct.