4283-80-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
The Dichotomy of Methyl Loss from 2-Methylalkane Molecular Ions
Wolkoff, Peder,Holmes, John L.,Lossing, F. P.
, p. 14 - 17 (1985)
The kinetic energy release for methyl loss from the molecular ion of 2-methylpentane increases c. twofold over the time-range 1-15 μs.This results from a mixture of secondary and tertiary pentyl cations.The appearance energy showed that at threshold (and long times) only tertiary ions are formed.The molecular ion of 2-methylhexane produces tertiary hexyl ions by loss of methyl at threshold, but in the μs time-frame only secondary hexyl ions appear to be formed, because the kinetic energy release is small and independent of the observation time.
Structure-odor correlations in homologous series of alkanethiols and attempts to predict odor thresholds by 3d-qsar studies
Polster, Johannes,Schieberle, Peter
, p. 1419 - 1432 (2015/03/05)
Homologous series of alkane-1-thiols, alkane-2-thiols, alkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-1-thiols, 2-methylalkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-2-thiols, and alkane-1,??-dithiols were synthesized to study the influence of structural changes on odor qualities and odor thresholds. In particular, the odor thresholds were strongly influenced by steric effects: In all homologous series a minimum was observed for thiols with five to seven carbon atoms, whereas increasing the chain length led to an exponential increase in the odor threshold. Tertiary alkanethiols revealed clearly lower odor thresholds than found for primary or secondary thiols, whereas neither a second mercapto group in the molecule nor an additional methyl substitution lowered the threshold. To investigate the impact of the SH group, odor thresholds and odor qualities of thiols were compared to those of the corresponding alcohols and (methylthio)alkanes. Replacement of the SH group by an OH group as well as S-methylation of the thiols significantly increased the odor thresholds. By using comparative molecular field analysis, a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship model was created, which was able to simulate the odor thresholds of alkanethiols in good agreement with the experimental results. NMR and mass spectrometric data for 46 sulfur-containing compounds are additionally supplied.
Silanol-based surfactants: Synthetic access and properties of an innovative class of environmentally benign detergents
Hurkes, Natascha,Ehmann, Heike M. A.,List, Martina,Spirk, Stefan,Bussiek, Malte,Belaj, Ferdinand,Pietschnig, Rudolf
, p. 9330 - 9335 (2014/08/05)
Herein, environmentally friendly surfactants based on new silanols as substitutes for the isoelectronic phosphonates were explored. Surface tensions of aqueous solutions are significantly reduced, particularly with those silanols that feature a high ratio of organic moiety to silanol. Besides their use as surfactants, their potential as coating agents for hydrophilic oxide surfaces was investigated for the example of glass substrates. In the solid-state sheet structures with silanol, double layers are present, in which the sheet spacing varies with the alkyl-chain length. Soap from sand? A synthetic entry to surfactants based on stable silanols, which provide beneficial properties comparable to established detergents without sharing their eutrophicating potential, was established (see figure).
Crossover Products from Joint Reactions of Alkenes, Alkynes, and Hydrogen Halides
Griesbaum, Karl,Mach, Helmut
, p. 3818 - 3829 (2007/10/02)
Joint reactions of alkenes, alkynes, and hydrogen bromide or hydrogen chloride were examined.Ethylene was the only olefin which afforded a crossed cycloadduct, viz. 1-bromo-1-methylcyclobutane (3), in its reaction with propyne and HBr.Reactions of propene with propyne/HBr, with 1-butyne/HCl, and with 2-butyne/HCl as well as reactions of 1-butene with propyne/HBr gave only cyclic and/or acyclic crossover products, which are derived from alkylation of the alkyne by the alkene.Dihalotrialkylcyclobutanes were obtained as cyclic crossover products, which had carbon skeletons composed of two molecules of the acetylene and of one molecule of the olefin used.
