5277-11-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Methylformate as replacement of syngas in one-pot catalytic synthesis of amines from olefins
Karakhanov, Eduard,Maksimov, Anton,Kardasheva, Yulia,Runova, Elena,Zakharov, Roman,Terenina, Maria,Kenneally, Corey,Arredondo, Victor
, p. 540 - 547 (2014/02/14)
A new general approach for the one-pot hydroaminomethylation of olefins using methylformate as formylating agent instead of synthesis gas (syngas) has been proposed. Herein we report that a Ru-Rh catalytic system demonstrates high activity in a tandem conversion of a series of n-alkenes into amines using methylformate with yields 58-92% (6 h). The selectivity for the normal amine reached 96% with catalysis by the Ru carbonyl complex Ru3(CO) 12, with an overall yield of 55% with respect to amine in this instance. The addition of the Rh complex to Ru catalytic system, sharply increased the hydroaminomethylation rate of both the terminal and internal alkenes and increased the yield of amines to 82-93% (6-12 h). The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Competing Hydride Transfer and Ene Reactions in the Aminoalkylation of 1-Alkenes with N,N-Dimethylmethyleniminium Ions. A Literature Correction
Cohen, Theodore,Onopchenko, Anatoli
, p. 4531 - 4537 (2007/10/02)
A literature report that N,N-dimethylmethyleniminium ion (2) reacts with propylene and styrene to form unsaturated tertiary amines is shown to be incorrect.The major products are the secondary amines 1-(methylamino)butane and 1-(methylamino)-3-phenylpropane in which N-demethylation has occurred along with the saturation of the alkene.Analogous major products are formed with 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, p-methylstyrene, and m-nitrostyrene as substrates.When the substrates are isobutylene, 2-ethyl-1-hexene, α-methylstyrene, and p-methoxystyrene, the major products are tertiary amines, but the secondary amines are also formed in smaller yields.The small yields of tertiary amines obtained in the cases of styrene and p-methylstyrene were increased by going from solvent acetic acid to acetonitrile and by increasing the branching of the alkyl groups on nitrogen.The internal olefins 5-decene and cyclohexene were far less reactive, giving only 3-4percent of amine products that were mainly tertiary in the former case and secondary in the latter.It is concluded that tertiary amine products are favored by an alkene structure and a solvent that favors the formation of a stable carbenium ion intermediate or a transition state with substantial carbenium ion character upon electrophilic attack of the iminium ion on the alkene.The secondary amine products are favored when a carbenium ion is of low stability and when the β-carbon atom of the olefin and/or the alkyl group attached to nitrogen is sterically unhindered; such hindrance decreases the rate of hydride ion transfer that is believed to occur in the production of secondary amines.
