55980-45-5

Upstream product

• 589-18-4 4-Methylbenzyl alcohol 
• 75-64-9 tert-butylamine 
• 97-93-8 triethylaluminum 
• 75-24-1 trimethylaluminum 
• 86401-98-1 tert-butyl-(4-methylbenzilidene)amine 
• 104-87-0 4-methyl-benzaldehyde 
• 104-82-5 4-Methylbenzyl chloride 
• 104-81-4 4-Methylbenzyl bromide 

Downstream Products

• 573975-33-4 N-(4-methylbenzyl)-N-tert-butyl-2-oxopropionamide 
• 58083-55-9 6-methylisoindolin-1-one 
• 86401-98-1 tert-butyl-(4-methylbenzilidene)amine 
• 573975-00-5 N-(p-methylbenzyl)-N-tert-butyl-2-oxopropionamide tosylhydrazone 
• 86401-98-1 N-(tert-butyl)-N-(4-methyl-benzylidene)-amine 
• 40117-29-1 N-tert-butyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)nitrone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Exploiting Continuous Processing for Challenging Diazo Transfer and Telescoped Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformations

Generation and use of triflyl azide in flow enables efficient synthesis of a range of α-diazocarbonyl compounds, including α-diazoketones, α-diazoamides, and an α-diazosulfonyl ester, via both Regitz-type diazo transfer and deacylative/debenzoylative diazo-transfer processes with excellent yields and offers versatility in the solvent employed, in addition to addressing the hazards associated with handling of this highly reactive sulfonyl azide. Telescoping the generation of triflyl azide and diazo-transfer process with highly enantioselective copper-mediated intramolecular aromatic addition and C-H insertion processes demonstrates that the reaction stream containing the α-diazocarbonyl compound can be obtained in sufficient purity to pass directly over the immobilized copper bis(oxazoline) catalyst without detrimentally impacting the catalyst enantioselectivity.

Structure-Activity Relationship and Biological Investigation of SR18292 (16), a Suppressor of Glucagon-Induced Glucose Production

Despite a myriad of available pharmacotherapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), challenges still exist in achieving glycemic control. Several novel glucose-lowering strategies are currently under clinical investigation, highlighting the need f

Br?nsted Acid Catalyzed Dearomatization by Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation/Claisen Rearrangement: Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirolactams

Described herein is a novel Br?nsted acid catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement, allowing the practical and atom-economic synthesis of a range of valuable spirolactams from readily available ynamides in generally good to excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and broad substrate scope. Importantly, an unexpected dearomatization of nonactivated arenes and heteroaromatic compounds is involved in this tandem sequence. Moreover, an asymmetric version of this tandem cyclization was also achieved by efficient kinetic resolution by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. In addition, the [3,3]-rearrangement is shown to be kinetically preferred over the related [1,3]-rearrangement by theoretical calculations.

Cationic Aluminium Complexes as Catalysts for Imine Hydrogenation

Strongly Lewis acidic cationic aluminium complexes, stabilized by β–diketiminate (BDI) ligands and free of Lewis bases, have been prepared as their B(C6F5)4? salts and were investigated for catalytic activity in imine hydrogenation. The backbone (R1) and N (R2) substituents on the R1,R2BDI ligand (R1,R2BDI=HC[C(R1)N(R2)]2) influence sterics and Lewis acidity. Ligand bulk increases along the row Me,DIPPBDIMe,DIPePBDI≈tBu,DIPPBDItBu,DIPePBDI; DIPP=2,6-C(H)Me2-phenyl, DIPeP=2,6-C(H)Et2-phenyl. The Gutmann-Beckett test showed acceptor numbers of: (tBu,DIPPBDI)AlMe+ 85.6, (tBu,DIPePBDI)AlMe+ 85.9, (Me,DIPPBDI)AlMe+ 89.7, (Me,DIPePBDI)AlMe+ 90.8, (Me,DIPPBDI)AlH+ 95.3. Steric and electronic factors need to be balanced for catalytic activity in imine hydrogenation. Open, highly Lewis acidic, cations strongly coordinate imine rendering it inactive as a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP). The bulkiest cations do not coordinate imine but its combination is also not an active catalyst. The cation (tBu,DIPPBDI)AlMe+ shows the best catalytic activity for various imines and is also an active catalyst for the Tishchenko reaction of benzaldehyde to benzylbenzoate. DFT calculations on the mechanism of imine hydrogenation catalysed by cationic Al complexes reveal two interconnected catalytic cycles operating in concert. Hydrogen is activated either by FLP reactivity of an Al???imine couple or, after formation of significant quantities of amine, by reaction with an Al???amine couple. The latter autocatalytic Al???amine cycle is energetically favoured.

Pathways of the reaction between N,N-disubstituted propargylic amines and cationic zirconium complexes

The reaction of N-tert-alkyl-substituted propargylic amines with trialkylalanes in the presence of 20 mol.% Cp2ZrCl2 was studied. The pattern of the products depended on the nature of substituents at the nitrogen atom. N-tert-Alkyl-N-arylmethyl-substituted propargylic amines when reacted in CH2Cl2 aff ord a mixture of N-tert-alkyl-N-(arylmethyl)alkylamines and N-tertalkyl-N-(arylmethyl)amines at ratios from {2: 3 to {3: 2 in total yield of 70–95%. In hexane, N-tert-alkyl-N-(arylmethyl)amines are produced selectively. N-Alkyl-N-tert-alkyl-substituted propargylic amines similar to N-isoalkyl-substituted ones underwent a Zr-promoted hydride transfer to aff ord (2E)-alkenylamines in good yield (58–69%).

Regio- and Enantioselective Intramolecular Amide Carbene Insertion into Primary C-H Bonds Using Ru(II)-Pheox Catalyst

We have established a method for the highly regio- and enantioselective functionalization of tert-butyl groups via intramolecular amide carbene insertion into C-H bonds, yielding γ-lactams with 91% ee in up to 99% yield. This reaction uses a ruthenium(II) phenyl oxazoline (Ru(II)-Pheox) complex. The catalytic intramolecular carbene transfer reaction to the primary C-H bond proceeds rapidly and selectively compared to that with secondary C-H, benzylic secondary C-H, tert-C-H, or sp2C-H bonds in the presence of 1 mol % Ru(II)-Pheox catalyst. This is the first example of a catalytic carbenoid insertion into an unactivated tert-butyl group with enantiocontrol at the carbenoid carbon.

SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF GLUCONEOGENIC ACTIVITY

The present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing a metabolic condition, such as diabetes.

Improved Buchner reaction selectivity in the copper-catalyzed reactions of ethyl 3-arylmethylamino-2-diazo-3-oxopropanoates

Ethyl 3-alkyl(arylmethyl)amino-2-diazo-3-oxopropanoates (diazo amidoacetates) generate generally both cyclohepta[c]pyrrolones (Buchner products) and β-lactams (1,4-insertion products), and show obvious N-substituent-controlled chemoselectivity between the intramolecular Buchner reaction and aliphatic 1,4-C-H insertion under the catalysis of copper salts. The less steric N-alkyl substituents in the amide moiety generally favor the aliphatic 1,4-C-H insertion, while the more steric N-alkyl substituents generally favor the Buchner reaction. Compared with rhodium and ruthenium-catalyzed conditions, the current copper-catalyzed conditions improved the Buchner reaction selectivity of ethyl 3-alkyl(arylmethyl)amino-2-diazo-3-oxopropanoates.

Structure-Reactivity Relationship in the Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Imines

The autoinduced, frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-catalyzed hydrogenation of 16-benzene-ring substituted N-benzylidene-tert-butylamines with B(2,6-F2C6H3)3 and molecular hydrogen was investigated by kinetic analysis. The pKa values for imines and for the corresponding amines were determined by quantum-mechanical methods and provided a direct proportional relationship. The correlation of the two rate constants k1 (simple catalytic cycle) and k2 (autoinduced catalytic cycle) with pKa difference between imine and amine pairs (ΔpKa) or Hammett's σ parameter served as useful parameters to establish a structure-reactivity relationship for the FLP-catalyzed hydrogenation of imines.

A robust palladium(II)-Porphyrin complex as catalyst for visible light induced oxidative C-H functionalization

A series of palladium(II)-porphyrin complexes that display dual emissions with lifetimes up to 437μs have been synthesized. Among the four complexes, PdF20TPP is an efficient and robust catalyst for photoinduced oxidative C-H functionalization by using oxygen as terminal oxidant. α-Functionalized tertiary amines were obtained in good to excellent yields by light irradiation (λ>400nm) of a mixture of PdF20TPP, tertiary amine, and nucleophile (cyanide, nitromethane, dimethyl malonate, diethyl phosphite, and acetone) under aerobic conditions. Four examples of intramolecular cyclized amine compounds could be similarly prepared. Comparison of the UV-visible absorption spectra before and after the photochemical reaction revealed that PdF20TPP was highly robust (>95 % recovery). The practical application of PdF20TPP has been revealed by the photochemical reactions performed by using a low catalyst loading (0.01mol %) and on a 10mmol scale. The PdF20TPP catalyst could sensitize photoinduced oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in excellent yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the photocatalysis proceeded by singlet-oxygen oxidation. Long-lived excited states! A series of palladium(II)-porphyrin complexes have been synthesized and found to display long-lived excited states with lifetimes up to 437μs (see scheme). Among these complexes, PdF 20TPP is an efficient and robust catalyst for a broad array of photoinduced oxidative C-H functionalization reactions. PtF20TPP= platinum(II) meso-tetrakis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin.