560-21-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Mechanism of reaction of n-butane with but-2-enes in the presence of LaCaX faujasites
Bachurikhin, A. L.,Mortikov, E. S.,Gribanov, V. Yu.,Abronin, I. A.
, (2002)
The reactions of n-butane and an n-butane (80 mol. percent)-isobutane (20 mol. percent) mixture with but-2-enes in the presence of polycationic PdLaCaX faujasites were studied. Quantum-chemical calculation of the enthalpies of formation of alkanes C4-C8 a
GAS-TO-GAS REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING
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Paragraph 0176-0178, (2021/02/05)
A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.
GAS-TO-LIQUID REACTOR AND METHOD OF USING
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Paragraph 0140-0142, (2019/08/15)
A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an elecirostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state.
PROCESS OF MAKING OLEFINS OR ALKYLATE BY REACTION OF METHANOL AND/OR DME OR BY REACTION OF METHANOL AND/OR DME AND BUTANE
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Page/Page column 15; 25; 26; 31; 32, (2017/05/10)
Methods of simultaneously converting butanes and methanol to olefins over Ti-containing zeolite catalysts are described. The exothermicity of the alcohols to olefins reaction is matched by endothermicity of dehydrogenation reaction of butane(s) to light olefins resulting in a thermo- neutral process. The Ti-containing zeolites provide excellent selectivity to light olefins as well as exceptionally high hydrothermal stability. The coupled reaction may advantageously be conducted in a staged reactor with methanol/DME conversion zones alternating with zones for butane(s) dehydrogenation. The resulting light olefins can then be reacted with iso-butane to produce high-octane alkylate. The net result is a highly efficient and low cost method for converting methanol and butanes to alkylate.
Enhancement of dehydrogenation and hydride transfer by La3+ cations in zeolites during acid catalyzed alkane reactions
Schuessler, Florian,Schallmoser, Stefan,Shi, Hui,Haller, Gary L.,Ember, Erika,Lercher, Johannes A.
, p. 1743 - 1752 (2014/06/24)
La3+ cations exchanged into ultrastable zeolite Y and zeolite X promote catalytic isomerization, cracking, and alkylation of alkanes. La 3+ cations stabilize the zeolite lattices and, more importantly, polarize alkane C-H bonds to enhance the rates of all three reactions. This unique activity leads to stable cracking and isomerization of reactive alkanes, with polarizable C-H bonds with adjacent tertiary or quaternary carbon atoms below 370 K. The presence of La3+ cations also enhances the zeolite catalyzed hydride transfer rate for isobutane alkylation with 2-butene leading to high catalyst stability. Solid state MAS NMR shows that the strongest positive effects are associated with nonhydroxylated La3+ cations accessible to the reacting molecules in supercages of the zeolite. The high activity is the result of a cooperative polarization of C-H bonds of alkanes by La3+ cations and the presence of stable and strong Bronsted acid sites.
Ionic liquid enhanced alkylation of iso-butane and 1-butene
Cui, Peng,Zhao, Guoying,Ren, Hailing,Huang, Jun,Zhang, Suojiang
, p. 30 - 35 (2013/02/22)
The alkylation of iso-butane with 1-butene was catalyzed by triflic acid (TFOH) coupled with a series of protic ammonium-based ionic liquids (AMILs), and the addition of the AMILs dramatically enhanced the efficiency of TFOH for the alkylation reaction. Up to 85.1% trimethylpentanes (TMP) selectivity and 98 research octane number (RON) were achieved with the optimized TFOH/AMIL catalyst (75 vol.% triflic acid and 25 vol.% triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate), which were much better than that with the commercial H2SO4 catalyst (65% TMP selectivity, 97 RON) and pure triflic acid. The addition of AMILs increased the I/O ratio dissolved in the catalyst system and adjusted the acidity of the TFOH/AMILs catalyst system, which were highly beneficial to the alkylation reaction and resulted in high TMP selectivity and high RON.
DIMERIZATION PROCESS
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Page/Page column 4-5, (2011/04/18)
A process for the dimerization of isoolefins is disclosed. The process may include: contacting an isoolefin with sulfurous acid in a reaction zone at conditions of temperature and pressure sufficient to dimerize at least a portion of the isoolefin
Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene using ionic liquids as catalyst
Bui, Thi Le Thuy,Korth, Wolfgang,Aschauer, Stephan,Jess, Andreas
scheme or table, p. 1961 - 1967 (2010/06/15)
Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene was performed in a batch reactor using the ionic liquid 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide aluminium chloride ([OMIM]Br-AlCl3) pure, and in a mixture with compounds containing SO3H-groups. The acidity of the ionic liquid (IL) was modified by the addition of acid cation exchange resins (dry or with a small amount of water), or by the addition of a second IL ([(HO3SBu)MIM]HSO4). A high content of the desired trimethylpentanes (up to 64%) and thus a high research octane number (RON up to 96) of the alkylate was obtained. The reusability of the IL systems was studied and compared with a catalyst commercially used at present (H2SO4).
Zeolites as the modern catalysts for the high octane gasoline component production
Patrylak,Patrylak,Ionin,Voloshyna,Skubiszewska-Zieba,Repetskyi
, p. 101 - 106 (2008/09/19)
Processes of isobutane with butenes alkylation with the purpose of obtaining the high octane gasoline'component (alkylate), being environmentally detrimental due to use of concentrated H2SO4 or HF acids as catalysts, are nevertheless of great industrial importance supplying the world market with approximately 80 mln tons of alkylate yearly. The perspective of zeolite catalysts as the substitutes of the above concentrated acids in the modern alkylation process has been considered. The most effective today's solid alkylation catalyst of the narrow acid spectrum has been found. Such acidity spectrum is considered to be responsible for the essential prolongation of the effective catalyst lifetime.
Stages of aging and deactivation of zeolite LaX in isobutane/2-butene alkylation
Sievers, Carsten,Zuazo, Iker,Guzman, Alexander,Olindo, Roberta,Syska, Hitrisia,Lercher, Johannes A.
, p. 315 - 324 (2008/02/13)
The formation of carbonaceous deposits and their effect on aging and deactivation of zeolite LaX during isobutane/2-butene alkylation at 348 K were investigated by stopping the reaction at different times on stream. Four stages of the reaction were identified: (1) stable alkylation, (2) deposit transformation, (3) slow deactivation, and (4) rapid deactivation. Deposits consist mostly of bicyclic compounds and branched carbenium ions, which are formed already at the beginning of the reaction and block Bronsted acid sites. During the deposit transformation, migration of smaller entities toward the pore mouth occurs. These cyclic compounds are further alkylated and lead to pore mouth plugging. In the final stage of rapid deactivation, the catalyst stops producing alkylate, and butene oligomerization is the main reaction leading to olefin desorption and massive deposit formation at the outside of the zeolite particles.
