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78-78-4

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78-78-4 Usage

General Description

Isopentane, also known as 2-methyl butane, is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C5H12. It is a colorless, odorless, and highly volatile compound that is commonly used as a refrigerant and as a fuel for high-performance engines. Isopentane is also used in the manufacturing of rubber, plastics, and other chemicals. It has a low boiling point and is often used in laboratories as a cold bath for storing and transporting biological samples at ultra-low temperatures. Isopentane has potential health hazards, including skin and eye irritation, and its vapors can be harmful if inhaled. It is important to handle isopentane with care and use protective equipment when working with it.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 78-78-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 7 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 78-78:
(4*7)+(3*8)+(2*7)+(1*8)=74
74 % 10 = 4
So 78-78-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3

78-78-4 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (19387)  2-Methylbutane, 99+%   

  • 78-78-4

  • 500ml

  • 377.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (19387)  2-Methylbutane, 99+%   

  • 78-78-4

  • *4x500ml

  • 1247.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (277258)  2-Methylbutane  anhydrous, ≥99%

  • 78-78-4

  • 277258-100ML

  • 903.24CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (277258)  2-Methylbutane  anhydrous, ≥99%

  • 78-78-4

  • 277258-1L

  • 1,717.56CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (320404)  2-Methylbutane  ReagentPlus®, ≥99%

  • 78-78-4

  • 320404-1L

  • 821.34CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (M32631)  2-Methylbutane  ReagentPlus®, ≥99%

  • 78-78-4

  • M32631-500ML

  • 517.14CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (M32631)  2-Methylbutane  ReagentPlus®, ≥99%

  • 78-78-4

  • M32631-1L

  • 711.36CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (270342)  2-Methylbutane  for HPLC, ≥99.5%

  • 78-78-4

  • 270342-1L

  • 2,046.33CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (59070)  2-Methylbutane  puriss. p.a., ≥99.5% (GC)

  • 78-78-4

  • 59070-1L

  • 1,519.83CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (59060)  2-Methylbutane  analytical standard

  • 78-78-4

  • 59060-5ML

  • 620.10CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (59060)  2-Methylbutane  analytical standard

  • 78-78-4

  • 59060-10ML

  • 1,122.03CNY

  • Detail

78-78-4SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 17, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 17, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name isopentane

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names iso-C5H12

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Fuels and fuel additives,Intermediates,Processing aids, not otherwise listed,Propellants and blowing agents
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:78-78-4 SDS

78-78-4Synthetic route

i-Amyl alcohol
123-51-3

i-Amyl alcohol

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride; polyethoxysilane (silicone GKZh-94) In nitromethane Product distribution;99%
With molybdenum (IV) sulfide; xylene at 350℃; under 36775.4 Torr;
With tungsten(IV) sulfide at 340℃; under 82376.9 Torr; Hydrogenation;
With tungsten(IV) sulfide at 320℃; under 88260.9 Torr; Hydrogenation;
pentane
109-66-0

pentane

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen under 15001.5 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; chemoselective reaction;98.5%
With hydrogen at 250℃; under 760.051 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;73.2%
With hydrogen; Pd3(PW12O40)2 at 179.9℃;39.5%
isoprene
78-79-5

isoprene

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With poly(p-aminostyrene)-palladium(II); hydrogen In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; under 760 Torr;97%
With hydrogen; RuH(Cl)(CO)(Ph2-P-2-C6H4CHO)2(pyrazole) In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; under 1140.08 Torr; for 1.5h;94%
With hydrogen; [Pd(acac)(Ph2P-2-C6H4COOH)2]BF4 In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 25℃; under 1140.08 Torr;93%
2,2-dimethyl-propanol-1
75-84-3

2,2-dimethyl-propanol-1

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In diethyl ether for 2h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; other cyclic and polycyclic methyl alcohols;95%
Trimethylacetic acid
75-98-9

Trimethylacetic acid

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In diethyl ether for 2h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; other cyclic and polycyclic carboxylic acids;95%
2,2-dimethylpropane
463-82-1

2,2-dimethylpropane

A

methane
34557-54-5

methane

B

ethane
74-84-0

ethane

C

propane
74-98-6

propane

D

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

E

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; platinum at 243℃; Product distribution; further reaction temperatures, catalysts;A 2.7%
B 1.5%
C 1.5%
D 6.7%
E 87.8%
at 304℃; Product distribution; also from n-butane, other products,other temperatures, other catalysts;A 7%
B 1.7%
C 2.4%
D 15.6%
E 73.3%
With hydrogen; NaY-500; palladium at 216℃; Product distribution; Kinetics; Thermodynamic data; other catalysts, other temperatures; activation energies;
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) at 275℃; under 1225.5 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere;
cis-[bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)(α,β-dimethyl)titanacyclobutane]

cis-[bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)(α,β-dimethyl)titanacyclobutane]

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In toluene under high vac. in a Schlenk tube; acidolysis with 2.2 equiv HCl (prepd. by addn. of concd. H2SO4 to solid HCl in a special app.) in toluene at-50°C under stirring; quantitation of products by GC;84%
pentan-1-ol
71-41-0

pentan-1-ol

A

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

B

pentane
109-66-0

pentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride; polyethoxysilane (silicone GKZh-94) In nitromethane Product distribution;A 72%
B 23%
(bis(triphenylphosphine))-3,3-dimethylpalladacyclobutane

(bis(triphenylphosphine))-3,3-dimethylpalladacyclobutane

A

methane
34557-54-5

methane

B

2,2-dimethylpropane
463-82-1

2,2-dimethylpropane

C

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

D

1,1-dimethylcyclopropane
1630-94-0

1,1-dimethylcyclopropane

E

isobutene
115-11-7

isobutene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen In toluene High Pressure; 5 atm H2, room temp., complete reaction at 52°C for 2 h; GLC;A 4%
B 69%
C 6%
D 14%
E 6%
2-Methylpentane
107-83-5

2-Methylpentane

A

2-Methylhexane
591-76-4

2-Methylhexane

B

methane
34557-54-5

methane

C

ethane
74-84-0

ethane

D

propane
74-98-6

propane

E

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

F

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; tungsten film at 223.9℃; Product distribution; various temperature;A 0.2%
B n/a
C n/a
D 1.5%
E 1.4%
F 65.8%
pentane
109-66-0

pentane

A

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminum oxide; silica gel; boron trichloride at 59.85℃; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;A 8%
B 64%
Sulfate; tin(IV) oxide at 249.9℃; Product distribution; pulse reactor; catalyst activity studied, prep. of catalyst varied;A 7.5%
B 3%
aluminum oxide; boron trifluoride at 19.9℃; under 201.02 Torr; Rate constant; different catalytic systems, different BF3-pressure;
pentane
109-66-0

pentane

A

propane
74-98-6

propane

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
platinum at 240℃; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Temperatures;A n/a
B 62.2%
pentane
109-66-0

pentane

A

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C

n-butane
106-97-8

n-butane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
phosphotungstic acid; Al2O3-F; platinum at 310℃; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Temperatures;A 0.6%
B 62.1%
C 0.6%
With tertiary butyl chloride; C9H20N(1+)*Al2Cl7(1-) at 95℃; under 13446.2 Torr; for 4.4h; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere;A 30.79%
B 21.33%
C 8.72%
aluminum tri-bromide; copper dichloride at 28℃; for 2h; Yield given;
Dimethylallene
598-25-4

Dimethylallene

A

2-methyl-but-2-ene
513-35-9

2-methyl-but-2-ene

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C

2-Methyl-1-butene
563-46-2

2-Methyl-1-butene

D

3-Methyl-1-butene
563-45-1

3-Methyl-1-butene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium dichloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide under 18751.5 Torr; for 0.133333h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; various time;A 57.5%
B 1.2%
C 0.1%
D 25.2%
n-heptane
142-82-5

n-heptane

A

2-Methylhexane
591-76-4

2-Methylhexane

B

3-methyl-hexane
589-34-4

3-methyl-hexane

C

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

D

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminum oxide; silica gel; boron trichloride at 59.85℃; Product distribution;A n/a
B n/a
C 13%
D 55%
pentane
109-66-0

pentane

A

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

B

hexane
110-54-3

hexane

C

Cyclopentane
287-92-3

Cyclopentane

D

cyclopenta-1,3-diene
542-92-7

cyclopenta-1,3-diene

E

cyclopentene
142-29-0

cyclopentene

F

benzene
71-43-2

benzene

G

C1-C4

C1-C4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; Platinum-copper at 334.9℃; Product distribution; various temp. and percent Pt;A 1%
B n/a
C 49.2%
D 25.9%
E 15.1%
F n/a
G n/a
{C5H5(CO)Fe}2(μ-CC(CH3)C2H5)

{C5H5(CO)Fe}2(μ-CC(CH3)C2H5)

A

cyclopentadienyl iron(II) dicarbonyl dimer
38117-54-3

cyclopentadienyl iron(II) dicarbonyl dimer

B

[(η(5)-Cp)Fe(CO)]4

[(η(5)-Cp)Fe(CO)]4

C

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

D

2-Methyl-1-butene
563-46-2

2-Methyl-1-butene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen In benzene-d6 Irradiation (UV/VIS); Fe complex was photolyzed (black light bulb, emission max. 366 nm) for 10 h; monitored by NMR;A 46%
B 24%
C 48%
D 22%
dichloromethane
75-09-2

dichloromethane

isopropylmagnesium chloride
1068-55-9

isopropylmagnesium chloride

A

2,4-dimethylpentane
108-08-7

2,4-dimethylpentane

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C

isobutene
115-11-7

isobutene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C31H37ClN3NiO2(1-)*Li(1+) In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere; Overall yield = 87.8 %;A 15%
B 25.8%
C 47%
With C31H37ClFeN3O2 In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 0.0833333h; Inert atmosphere;
2-methyl-propan-1-ol
78-83-1

2-methyl-propan-1-ol

A

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride In nitromethane at 90℃; for 1h; Product distribution; var. temp.;A 42%
B 10%
Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

A

methane
34557-54-5

methane

B

ethane
74-84-0

ethane

C

propane
74-98-6

propane

D

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

E

n-butane
106-97-8

n-butane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; tungsten film at 205.9℃; Product distribution; various temperature;A n/a
B n/a
C 40.5%
D 2.3%
E 3.2%

A

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride In nitromethane at 90℃; for 1h; Product distribution; var. temp.;A 39%
B 12%
isoprene
78-79-5

isoprene

A

2-methyl-but-2-ene
513-35-9

2-methyl-but-2-ene

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C

2-Methyl-1-butene
563-46-2

2-Methyl-1-butene

D

3-Methyl-1-butene
563-45-1

3-Methyl-1-butene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium dichloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide under 18751.5 Torr; for 0.116667h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; various time;A 38.5%
B 0.8%
C 20.5%
D 22%
With hydrogen; Pd2Cl2<<(EtO)2PO>2H>2 In ethanol at 20℃; Product distribution; influence of reaction time on pruduct distribution;
With hydrogen Product distribution; Rate constant; various Ni-catalysts (Ni-P, Ni-B, Raney nickel), temperatures;
i-Amyl alcohol
123-51-3

i-Amyl alcohol

A

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

B

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride In nitromethane at 90℃; for 1h; Product distribution; var. temp.;A 37%
B 15%
2-methyl-2-butylchloride
594-36-5

2-methyl-2-butylchloride

A

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

B

3,3-dimethyl-heptane
4032-86-4

3,3-dimethyl-heptane

C

2,3-dimethylheptane
3074-71-3

2,3-dimethylheptane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride; tetrabutylsilane In dichloromethane for 0.25h; Ambient temperature; Title compound not separated from byproducts;A 35%
B 33%
C n/a
2-methyl-2-butylchloride
594-36-5

2-methyl-2-butylchloride

tetraamylsilane
3429-63-8

tetraamylsilane

A

octane, 3,3-dimethyl-
4110-44-5

octane, 3,3-dimethyl-

B

2,3-dimethyl-octane
7146-60-3

2,3-dimethyl-octane

C

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane for 1h; Ambient temperature; Title compound not separated from byproducts;A 34%
B 4%
C 33%
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane for 1h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; various ratios, various time;A 22 % Chromat.
B 10 % Chromat.
C 31 % Chromat.
2-methyl-2-butylchloride
594-36-5

2-methyl-2-butylchloride

tetrabutylsilane
994-79-6

tetrabutylsilane

A

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

B

3,3-dimethyl-heptane
4032-86-4

3,3-dimethyl-heptane

C

2,3-dimethylheptane
3074-71-3

2,3-dimethylheptane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane for 0.25h; Ambient temperature; Title compound not separated from byproducts;A 27%
B 33%
C n/a
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane for 1h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; various ratios, various time;A 27 % Chromat.
B 26 % Chromat.
C n/a
2-methyl-2-butylchloride
594-36-5

2-methyl-2-butylchloride

tetrapropylsilane
994-66-1

tetrapropylsilane

A

3,3-dimethylhexane
563-16-6

3,3-dimethylhexane

B

2,3-dimethylhexane
584-94-1, 116724-01-7

2,3-dimethylhexane

C

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane for 1h; Ambient temperature; Title compound not separated from byproducts;A 32%
B n/a
C 23%
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane for 1h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; various ratios, various time;A 28 % Chromat.
B 13 % Chromat.
C 23 % Chromat.
n-butane
106-97-8

n-butane

A

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

B

isobutene
115-11-7

isobutene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With zirconium(IV) oxide on dealuminated mordenite at 189.84℃; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Temperatures; atmospheric pressure;A 4.1%
B 28.9%
n-butane
106-97-8

n-butane

A

propane
74-98-6

propane

B

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

C

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

D

hexane
110-54-3

hexane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Sulfate; tin(IV) oxide at 29.9℃; Product distribution; recirculation reactor; catalyst activity studied varying preparation of catalyst;A 0.3%
B 28.6%
C 1.1%
D 1.8%
isobutene
115-11-7

isobutene

A

1-butylene
106-98-9

1-butylene

B

(Z)-2-Butene
590-18-1

(Z)-2-Butene

C

2-methyl-but-2-ene
513-35-9

2-methyl-but-2-ene

D

Z-piperylene
1574-41-0

Z-piperylene

E

1-methylbuta-1,3-diene
2004-70-8

1-methylbuta-1,3-diene

F

propene
187737-37-7

propene

G

methane
34557-54-5

methane

H

trans-2-Butene
624-64-6

trans-2-Butene

I

(Z)-pent-2-ene
627-20-3

(Z)-pent-2-ene

J

(E)-pent-2-ene
646-04-8

(E)-pent-2-ene

K

ethane
74-84-0

ethane

L

propane
74-98-6

propane

M

Isobutane
75-28-5

Isobutane

N

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

O

ethene
74-85-1

ethene

P

1-penten
109-67-1

1-penten

Q

Cyclopentane
287-92-3

Cyclopentane

R

2-Methyl-1-butene
563-46-2

2-Methyl-1-butene

S

3-Methyl-1-butene
563-45-1

3-Methyl-1-butene

T

cyclopentene
142-29-0

cyclopentene

U

n-butane
106-97-8

n-butane

V

pentane
109-66-0

pentane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
CBV1502 at 579.84℃; under 900.09 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;A 2.6%
B 2.4%
C 1.29%
D 0.05%
E 0.03%
F 24.95%
G 0.73%
H 3.19%
I 0.32%
J 0.58%
K 0.36%
L 2.08%
M 2.15%
N 0.34%
O 9.61%
P 0.23%
Q 0.4%
R 0.71%
S 0.14%
T 0.14%
U 1.8%
V 0.16%
CBV28014 at 509.84℃; under 900.09 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;A 6.71%
B 7.3%
C 5.62%
D 0.02%
E 0.03%
F 23.29%
G 0.09%
H 9.97%
I 1.1%
J 2.06%
K 0.07%
L 1.24%
M 1.95%
N 0.59%
O 3.25%
P 0.7%
Q 0.31%
R 2.72%
S 0.47%
T 0.21%
U 1.37%
V 0.26%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Benzylidenemalononitrile
2700-22-3

Benzylidenemalononitrile

A

2-(2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylbutyl)malononitrile

2-(2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylbutyl)malononitrile

B

C15H18N2

C15H18N2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 9-(2-mesityl)-10-methylacridinium perchlorate; 1,2-dibromomethane at 50℃; for 24h; Irradiation;A 95%
B n/a
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H10ClF3N2O2S

C14H10ClF3N2O2S

C12H17Cl

C12H17Cl

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H10ClF3N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Reagent/catalyst; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
92%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H10F3IN2O2S

C14H10F3IN2O2S

C12H17I

C12H17I

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H10F3IN2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
89%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

A

3,3,4,4-Tetramethylhexan
5171-84-6

3,3,4,4-Tetramethylhexan

B

2,3-dimethylbutanol
19550-30-2, 20281-85-0

2,3-dimethylbutanol

C

2,2-Dimethyl-1-butanol
1185-33-7

2,2-Dimethyl-1-butanol

D

ethylene glycol
107-21-1

ethylene glycol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With mercury for 17h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Heating; Irradiation; other alkanes; selectivity of cross-dimerization, relative reactivities in cross-dimerizations;A n/a
B 11%
C 88%
D n/a
With mercury for 17h; Heating; Irradiation;A n/a
B 11%
C 88%
D n/a
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H9Cl2F3N2O2S

C14H9Cl2F3N2O2S

C12H16Cl2

C12H16Cl2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H9Cl2F3N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
86%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H10F3IN2O2S

C14H10F3IN2O2S

C12H17I

C12H17I

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H10F3IN2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
85%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H10BrF3N2O2S

C14H10BrF3N2O2S

C12H17Br

C12H17Br

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H10BrF3N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
84%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H8F6N2O2S

C14H8F6N2O2S

C12H15F3

C12H15F3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H8F6N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
84%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

2,2,2-trichloroethyl 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-diazoacetate
1641528-26-8

2,2,2-trichloroethyl 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-diazoacetate

A

C15H18BrCl3O2

C15H18BrCl3O2

B

C15H18BrCl3O2

C15H18BrCl3O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Rh2[R-tris(p-tBuC6H4)TPCP]4 In dichloromethane Reflux; enantioselective reaction;A n/a
B 82%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H10F4N2O2S

C14H10F4N2O2S

C12H17F

C12H17F

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H10F4N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
80%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H9BrF4N2O2S

C14H9BrF4N2O2S

C12H16BrF

C12H16BrF

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H9BrF4N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
80%
4,7-dichloroquinoline
86-98-6

4,7-dichloroquinoline

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

4,7-dichloro-2-tert-pentylquinoline

4,7-dichloro-2-tert-pentylquinoline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium azide; bis-[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene In dichloromethane at 20℃;76%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C15H13F3N2O3S

C15H13F3N2O3S

C13H20O

C13H20O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C15H13F3N2O3S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
76%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H10BrF3N2O2S

C14H10BrF3N2O2S

C12H17Br

C12H17Br

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H10BrF3N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
76%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

Methyl phenyldiazoacetate
22979-35-7

Methyl phenyldiazoacetate

C14H20O2

C14H20O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With {HB[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]3}Ag(THF) at 20℃; chemoselective reaction;74%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C15H10F6N2O2S

C15H10F6N2O2S

C13H17F3

C13H17F3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C15H10F6N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
74%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

2-methyl-2-nitrobutane
595-42-6

2-methyl-2-nitrobutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With air; nitrogen; Nitrogen dioxide; N-hydroxyphthalimide In various solvent(s) at 50℃; under 3800.26 Torr; for 14h;73%
With nitrogen(II) oxide; Nitrogen dioxide at 120℃;
With nitric acid
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

(E)-methyl 2-diazo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate
119987-21-2

(E)-methyl 2-diazo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate

C16H22O2
1130233-07-6

C16H22O2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With {HB[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]3}Ag(THF) at 20℃; chemoselective reaction;73%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

2-isocyano-4’,5-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl

2-isocyano-4’,5-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl

A

6-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-2,8-dimethylphenanthridine
1620195-69-8

6-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-2,8-dimethylphenanthridine

B

6-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,8-dimethylphenanthridine
1620195-70-1

6-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,8-dimethylphenanthridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper(I) oxide; di-tert-butyl peroxide at 130℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Overall yield = 56 %;A 73%
B n/a
4-Hydroxyquinazoline
491-36-1

4-Hydroxyquinazoline

methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

2-(tert-pentyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one

2-(tert-pentyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium azide; bis-[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene In 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 20℃; for 3h;72%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C14H11F3N2O2S

C14H11F3N2O2S

2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylbutane
28080-86-6

2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylbutane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C14H11F3N2O2S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
72%
methylbutane
78-78-4

methylbutane

C15H12F4N2O3S

C15H12F4N2O3S

C13H19FO

C13H19FO

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: C15H12F4N2O3S With sodium hydride In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 20℃; for 1h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: methylbutane With C26H18Ag2B2Br18N12O2 In dichloromethane; mineral oil at 60℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;
72%

78-78-4Relevant articles and documents

Effect of External Surface Diffusion Barriers on Platinum/Beta-Catalyzed Isomerization of n-Pentane

Hu, Shen,Liu, Junru,Ye, Guanghua,Zhou, Xinggui,Coppens, Marc-Olivier,Yuan, Weikang

, p. 14394 - 14398 (2021)

We have developed a generalizable strategy to quantify the effect of surface barriers on zeolite catalysis. Isomerization of n-pentane, catalyzed by Pt/Beta, is taken as a model reaction system. Firstly, the surface modification by chemical liquid deposition of SiO2 was carried out to control the surface barriers on zeolite Beta crystals. The deposition of SiO2 leads to a very slight change in the physical properties of Beta crystals, but an obvious reduction in Br?nsted acid sites. Diffusion measurements by the zero-length column (ZLC) method show that the apparent diffusivity of n-pentane can be more than doubled after SiO2 deposition, indicating that the surface barriers have been weakened. Catalytic performance was tested in a fixed-bed reactor, showing that the apparent catalytic activity improved by 51–131 % after SiO2 deposition. These results provide direct proof that reducing surface barriers can be an effective route to improve zeolite catalyst performance deteriorated by transport limitations.

Single-Step One-Carbon Ring Homologation of Cyclic and Polycyclic Hydrocarbons via Their Methyl Alcohols or Carboxylic Acids with Sodium Borohydride/Triflic Acid

Olah, George A.,Wu, An-hsiang,Farooq, Omar

, p. 1452 - 1453 (1989)

-

Catalytic activity of H-forms of zeolites in the isomerization of supercritical n-pentane and their physicochemical properties

Bogdan,Koklin,Kazanskii

, p. 736 - 742 (2010)

The acidic properties of the H-forms of zeolites ZSM-5, Beta, Y, and mordenite are studied by diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy using n-pentane as a probe molecule. The decreasing order of Bronsted acid site strengths is constructed. The isopentane selectivity in n-pentane isomerization under supercritical conditions (260°C, 130 atm) increases in the order H-ZSM-5 H-Beta H-mordenite(11) ≈ H-Y with decreasing strength of Bronsted sites. Catalytic data are analyzed jointly with the results of physicochemical studies of H-mordenite (temperature-programmed ammonia desorption, benzene adsorption, and IR spectroscopy). Under the supercritical conditions, the conversion of n-pentane on mordenite is determined by the total acidity of the zeolite and also by the accessibility of the acid sites inside the zeolite channels to the reactant.

Skeletal Isomerization of n-Butane over Caesium Hydrogen Salts of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid

Na, Kyutae,Okuhara, Toshio,Misono, Makoto

, p. 367 - 374 (1995)

Skeletal isomerization of n-butane to isobutane has been studied with a flow reactor, mainly at 573 K, over caesium hydrogen salts of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (trihydrogen phosphododecatungstate), CsxH3-xPW12O40.The activity was highly dependent on the caesium content, being a maximum for x = 2.5 where the number of acid sites on the surface was greatest.The initial rate was first order with respect to the butane pressure (ca. 0.05-0.5 atm) at both 423 and 573 K on Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40*Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 was found to be much more active and selective (83percent cf. 60percent) than SO4(2-)/ZrO2 at the steady state at 573 K.H-ZSM-5 showed a higher activity than Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 and SO4(2-)/ZrO2 but the selectivity was only 14percent.Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 is a promising catalyst for this reaction and the low deactivation of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 is probably responsible for the high catalytic activity.

Isomerization of n-pentane over platinum promoted tungstated zirconia supported on mesoporous SBA-15 prepared by supercritical impregnation

Cheng, Soofin,Lee, Wenchao,Yang, Chieh-Chao

, p. 409 - 420 (2021)

Tungstated zirconia was supported on mesoporous SBA-15 by impregnation in supercritical ethanol. The resultant catalyst promoted with 1 wt% of Pt shows 100% selectivity of iso-pentane and two times higher conversion in n-pentane isomerization than the one prepared by conventional impregnation. Supercritical impregnation exerts no destruction of the porous silica and offers better dispersion of tungstated zirconia than conventional impregnation. Optimized loading of WO3/ZrO2/SBA-15 is 20/40/40 wt%, which infers to 2.4 W-atoms/nm2 and 8.9 Zr-atoms/nm2 dispersed on the SBA-15 support. Moreover, introducing a proper mole fraction of hydrogen in the reactants markedly improves the catalytic activity in n-pentane isomerization. The role of hydrogen was not only served as the reactants, it also acted to regenerate Br?nsted acid sites during n-pentane isomerization. However, overdose of hydrogen leaded to a leveling-off in the rate of isomerization and enhanced hydrogenolysis reaction. The in situ IR spectroscopic studies suggested that Br?nsted acid sites were the active centers for the isomerization. A reaction mechanism was, therefore, proposed that heterolytic fission of hydrogen and dehydrogenation of n-pentane took place over Pt. The secondary carbocation formed over Br?nsted acid sites was rearranged to a tertiary carbocation by methyl migration, followed by reacting with a hydride to generate iso-pentane.

Catalytic performance of nanostructured Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts synthesized by extended Charnell's method in hydroisomerization of n-pentane

Charchi Aghdam,Ejtemaei,Sharafi,Babaluo,Tavakoli,Bayati

, p. 155 - 164 (2019)

Na-ZSM-5 zeolite, synthesized by extended Charnell's method was used to prepare Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst for n-pentane hydroisomerization. The influence of ion exchange, alkaline treatment and method of platinum incorporation on the Na-ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated. It was found that the presence of Trien affected the physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalyst. The synthesized catalysts showed high performance so that the sample prepared in rotating mode at 24 h and Pt loaded via impregnation showed conversion and selectivity about 75 and 97%, respectively. Also, a maximum yield for this catalyst was achieved at 250 °C.

-

Clark et al.

, p. 803 (1953)

-

IR study of iridium bonded to perturbed silanol groups of Pt-HZSM5 for n-pentane isomerization

Setiabudi, Herma Dina,Jalil, Aishah Abdul,Triwahyono, Sugeng,Kamarudin, Nur Hidayatul Nazirah,Mukti, Rino R.

, p. 190 - 199 (2012)

The Ir/Pt-HZSM5 catalyst was prepared by impregnation of iridium on Pt-HZSM5. The activity of Ir/Pt-HZSM5 was tested for n-pentane isomerization under hydrogen stream. The introduction of iridium did not change the bands observed at 3740, 3665 and 3610 cm-1 indicating that neither non-acidic terminal silanol groups nor acidic bridging hydroxyl groups interacted with the iridium. Additionally, the peaks corresponding to the perturbed silanol groups at 3700 and 3520 cm-1 decreased significantly. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the iridium is in the form of IrO2. 27Al MAS NMR confirmed the elimination of distorted tetrahedral aluminum. The presence of iridium slightly increased the acidity of Pt-HZSM5 and its selectivity for iso-pentane. Hydrogen adsorption FTIR indicated that iridium enhanced the formation of protonic acid sites which may participate in the isomerization, and inhibited the formation of hydroxyl groups at 3380, 3600 and 3680 cm-1 which may participate in the enhancement of the cracking reaction.

Voorhies jr. et al.

, p. 852,854 (1968)

Mechanisms of Methylenecyclobutane Hydrogenation over Supported Metal Catalysts Studied by Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization Technique

Salnikov, Oleg G.,Burueva, Dudari B.,Kovtunova, Larisa M.,Bukhtiyarov, Valerii I.,Kovtunov, Kirill V.,Koptyug, Igor V.

, (2022/03/15)

In this work the mechanism of methylenecyclobutane hydrogenation over titania-supported Rh, Pt and Pd catalysts was investigated using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique. It was found that methylenecyclobutane hydrogenation leads to formation of a mixture of reaction products including cyclic (1-methylcyclobutene, methylcyclobutane), linear (1-pentene, cis-2-pentene, trans-2-pentene, pentane) and branched (isoprene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, isopentane) compounds. Generally, at lower temperatures (150–350 °C) the major reaction product was methylcyclobutane while higher temperature of 450 °C favors the formation of branched products isoprene, 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene. PHIP effects were detected for all reaction products except methylenecyclobutane isomers 1-methylcyclobutene and isoprene implying that the corresponding compounds can incorporate two atoms from the same parahydrogen molecule in a pairwise manner in the course of the reaction in particular positions. The mechanisms were proposed for the formation of these products based on PHIP results.

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