5673-91-6Relevant articles and documents
Anatomy of a gel. Amino acid derivatives that rigidify water at submillimolar concentrations
Menger,Caran
, p. 11679 - 11691 (2000)
On the basis of suggestive X-ray data, 14 aroyl L-cystine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and examined for their ability to gelate water. Several members of this amino acid family are remarkably effective aqueous gelators (the best being one that can rigidify aqueous solutions at 0.25 mM, ca. 0.01%, in less than 30 s!). A few of the analogues separate from water as crystals, indicating a close relationship between gelation and crystallization. All effective gelators self-assemble into fibrous structures that entrain the solvent in the capillary spaces among them. Hydrogen-bonding sites on the compounds that might stabilize the fibers were identified from specific substitutions that replace a hydrogen donor with a methyl group, enhance the hydrogen-accepting ability of a carbonyl oxygen, or promote the hydrogen-donating ability of an amide proton. The structural variations were characterized via minimal gelation concentrations and times, X-ray crystallography, light and electron microscopy, rheology, and calorimetry. The multiple techniques, applied to the diverse compounds, allowed an extensive search into the basis of gelation. It was learned, for example, that the compound with the lowest minimum gelator concentration and time also has one of the weakest gels (i.e., it has a low elastic modulus). This is attributed to kinetic effects that perturb the length of the fibers. It was also argued that π/π stacking, the carboxyl carbonyl (but not the carboxyl proton), and solubility factors all contribute to the stability of a fiber. Polymorphism also plays a role. Rheological studies at different temperatures show that certain gels are stable to a 1-Hz, 3-Pa oscillating shear stress at temperatures as high as 90 °C. Other gels have a 'catastrophic' break at lower temperatures. Calorimetric data indicate a smooth transition from gel to sol as the temperature is increased. These and other issues are discussed in this 'anatomy' of a gel.
USE OF MEMBRANE INHIBITORS TO ENHANCE VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AGAINST ENVELOPED VIRUSES
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Paragraph 0015; 0084-0086; 0105, (2021/05/15)
The present application relates to method of vaccinating a subject against infection by an enveloped virus. The method includes providing a compound of the Formula (I) as described herein, and contacting the compound of Formula (I) with an isolated envelo
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Anithiactin A/Thiasporine C and Analogues
Lamb, Richard A.,Badart, Michael P.,Swaney, Brooke E.,Gai, Sinan,Baird, Sarah K.,Hawkins, Bill C.
, p. 1829 - 1833 (2015/12/26)
The synthesis of anithiactin A has been achieved in four steps. Several closely related analogues were synthesised and their biological activity against colon and breast cancer cell lines evaluated. Anithiactin A was found not to be cytotoxic even at a hi
Influence of chiral thiols on the diastereoselective synthesis of γ-lactams from cyclic anhydrides
Younai, Ashkaan,Fettinger, James C.,Shaw, Jared T.
scheme or table, p. 4320 - 4327 (2012/07/28)
The synthesis of γ-lactams from both four-component and imine-anhydride reactions is reported. The synthesis of 2-phenylcyclohexanethiol is described and this compound was evaluated along with an additional seven chiral thiols. A range of selectivity and yields was observed and comparisons to established reactions are made in order to account for the observed reactivity.
