5713-61-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Vanishing microwave effects: Influence of heterogeneity
Dressen, Mark H. C. L.,Van De Kruijs, Bastiaan H. P.,Meuldijk, Jan,Vekemans, Jef A. J. M.,Hulshof, Lumbertus A.
, p. 865 - 869 (2007)
A consistent setup of experiments has been conducted to demonstrate an enhanced reaction rate under microwave irradiation as compared to conventional heating, i.e. a real microwave effect It was found that addition of a cosolvent, diminishing the heterogeneous character of the reaction mixture, greatly reduced the microwave effect. This was demonstrated by two examples; selective mono-urea formation and racemization of an N-acetylamino acid. Furthermore, formation of a Grignard reagent was accelerated under MW irradiation by electrostatic etching of the metal surface. The microwave effect observed in these reactions seems to rely on heterogeneity and specific interactions on the solid-liquid interface. Basic understanding of these findings is crucial for scaling up microwave assisted processes.
Effects of conjugated bridges on the photovoltaic properties of: Ortho -functionalized perylene diimides for non-fullerene polymer solar cells
Wu, Jiazun,Li, Xiangchun,Liu, Xiaodong,Wu, Shuanghong,Lai, Wen-Yong,Zheng, Yonghao
, p. 13171 - 13178 (2018)
Perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives have great potential to replace the commonly used fullerene derivatives in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, PDI-based molecules have a strong tendency to aggregate in thin films, which prevents the formation of appropriate phase separation. To alleviate this problem, much effort has been devoted to developing twisted PDI dimers with functional bridges at bay positions. Unfortunately, the bay-functionalized PDI dimers exhibit relatively low electron mobilities due to the excessive twist geometry. To solve this dilemma, an efficient method is to functionalize the PDI at less sterically-encumbered ortho-positions. In this article, we synthesized two novel ortho-functionalized PDI dimers, namely PDI-2Th-PDI and PDI-ThFTh-PDI, and investigated the influence of the conjugated bridge length on the physical and photovoltaic properties of PDIs. After introducing a fluorene bridge between the thiophene units, PDI-ThFTh-PDI with the extended conjugate length possessed a relatively low-crystalline nature and therefore exhibited one order of magnitude lower electron mobility compared to PDI-2Th-PDI. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells fabricated with PDI-2Th-PDI as the electron acceptor and PTB7-Th as the electron donor is almost twice that of the solar cell with PDI-ThFTh-PDI as the acceptor. Our findings provide important guidelines for the design of more efficient ortho-functionalized PDI acceptors.
Stereodivergent Construction of Vicinal Acyclic Quaternary-Tertiary Carbon Stereocenters by Michael-Type Alkylation of α,α-Disubstituted N- tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimines
Liu, Hui,Lu, Chong-Dao,Yao, Yun,Yisimayili, Nuermaimaiti
supporting information, p. 7450 - 7455 (2021/10/02)
Vicinal quaternary-tertiary carbon stereocenters were constructed with excellent stereoselectivity via aza-enolization of enantioenriched acyclic N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines bearing two sterically similar α-linear alkyl substituents followed by conjugate addition to nitroalkenes. Further changes of the absolute configuration of the sulfinyl group and/or the α-stereocenter in the ketimine allowed the facile stereodivergent synthesis of all four diastereomers of the Michael-type alkylation adducts. This reaction is a successful example of acyclic stereocontrol based on stereoselective α-deprotonation for the formation of fully substituted aza-enolates from ketone derivatives.
Scalable Continuous Synthesis of Grignard Reagents from in Situ-Activated Magnesium Metal
Deitmann, Eva,G?ssl, Lars,Hofmann, Christian,L?b, Patrick,Menges-Flanagan, Gabriele
, p. 315 - 321 (2020/03/10)
The continuous synthesis of Grignard reagents has been investigated under continuous processing conditions using Mg turnings at variable liquid throughputs and concentrations. A novel process window easily accessible through continuous processing was employed, namely, using a large molar access of Mg turnings within the reactor and achieving Mg activation by mechanical means. A laboratory and a 10-fold-increased pilot-scale reactor setup were built and evaluated, including integrated inline analytics via ATR-IR measurements. The main goal of this work was to explore the full potential of classic Grignard reagent formation through the use of scalable flow chemistry and to allow for fast and safe process optimization. It was found that on both the laboratory and pilot scales, full conversion of the employed halides could be achieved with a single passage through the reactor. Furthermore, Grignard reagent yields of 89-100% were reached on the laboratory scale.
Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative double allylic C-H oxygenation of alkenes: A novel and straightforward route to α,β-unsaturated esters
Yang, Wanfei,Chen, Huoji,Li, Jianxiao,Li, Chunsheng,Wu, Wanqing,Jiang, Huanfeng
supporting information, p. 9575 - 9578 (2015/06/08)
A mild tandem oxidative functionalization of allyl aromatic hydrocarbons was accomplished using the catalytic system of Pd(OAc)2/DMA under 1 atm O2. The green twofold C-O bond formation involving double allylic C-H oxygenation unlocks opportunities for markedly different synthetic strategies. Moreover, the reaction affords aryl α,β-unsaturated esters directly from readily available terminal olefins in moderate to good yields with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivities.
Selective introducing of aryl and amino groups: Reaction of benzanthrone and organometallic reagents
Umeda, Rui,Namba, Teruaki,Yoshimura, Tomohiro,Nakatsukasa, Masamichi,Nishiyama, Yutaka
, p. 1526 - 1531 (2013/02/23)
The reaction of benzanthrone and aryl magnesium bromides produced 6-aryl-substituted benzanthrones in moderate to good yields. Similarly, 6-alkylaminobenzanthrones were selectively prepared by the reaction of benzanthrone and lithium alkylamides. In contrast, for the lithium arylamides, the arylamino groups were selectively introduced at the 4-position of the benzanthrone.
Manufacturing process for tiotropium bromide
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Page/Page column 3, (2012/05/21)
The present invention relates to a novel manufacturing process of pharmaceutically active compound of formula I used as a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator. Starting from oxalic acid derivative of formula III the invention describes preparation of a novel cyclic anhydride of formula II which is very efficient precursor in the synthesis of Tiotropium bromide (compound of formula I).
Copper-catalyzed difluoromethylation of β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids: An efficient allylic difluoromethylation
He, Zhengbiao,Hu, Mingyou,Luo, Tao,Li, Lingchun,Hu, Jinbo
supporting information, p. 11545 - 11547 (2013/01/15)
Not one but two! A new strategy for the regiospecific construction of compounds with allylic CF2H groups has been developed. The decarboxylative (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethylation of β,γ- unsaturated carboxylic acids is catalyzed by a Lewis acid (CuCl 2·2 H2O), and the resulting product easily undergoes desulfonylation. Copyright
COMPOUNDS HAVING MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND BETA2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONIST ACTIVITY
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Page/Page column 69; 70, (2013/02/27)
The present invention relates to compounds acting both as muscarinic receptor antagonists and beta2 adrenergic receptor agonists, to processes for their preparation, to compositions comprising them, to therapeutic uses and combinations with other pharmaceutical active ingredients.
N-(3-(IMIDAZO [1,5-A]PYRIMIDIN-4-YL)PHENYL]-SULFONAMIDES AND N-[3-(IMIDAZO[1,5-A]PYRIMIDIN-4-YL)-PHENYL]-CARBOXAMIDES AND THEIR USE AS GABAA RECEPTOR MODULATORS
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Page/Page column 23-24, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, R3 and X are as defined in the claims. The compounds have specific affinity for the GABAA receptor and are therefore useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases modulated by the 1 and 2-GABAA receptors.
