65039-11-4Relevant articles and documents
C(acyl)-C(sp2) and C(sp2)-C(sp2) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions using nitrile-functionalized NHC palladium complexes
?akir, Sinem,Karabiyik, Hande,Kavukcu, Serdar Batikan,Rethinam, Senthil,Türkmen, Hayati
, p. 37684 - 37699 (2021/12/09)
Application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium complexes has been successful for the modulation of C-C coupling reactions. For this purpose, a series of azolium salts (1a-f) including benzothiazolium, benzimidazolium, and imidazolium, bearing a CN-substituted benzyl moiety, and their (NHC)2PdBr2 (2a-c) and PEPPSI-type palladium (3b-f) complexes have been systematically prepared to catalyse acylative Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of acyl chlorides with arylboronic acids to form benzophenone derivatives in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base and to catalyse the traditional Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of bromobenzene with arylboronic acids to form biaryls. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals of 3c, 3e and 3f prove the square planar geometry. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), metal mapping analyses and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to get further insights into the mechanism of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies have revealed that the stability and coordination of the complexes by the CN group are achieved by the removal of pyridine from the complex in catalytic cycles. The presence of the CN group in the (NHC)Pd complexes significantly increased the catalytic activities for both reactions.
Synthesis of novel palladium allyl complexes bearing heteroditopic NHC-S ligands. kinetic study on the carbene exchange between bis-carbene palladium allyl complexes
Canovese, Luciano,Visentin, Fabiano,Levi, Carlo,Santo, Claudio,Bertolasi, Valerio
, p. 27 - 39 (2013/06/27)
We have synthesized several novel palladium allyl and 1,1-dimethylallyl complexes bearing different heteroditopic NHC-S ligands giving rise to a five-membered chelate ring with the metal center. We were able to synthesize some homoleptic bis-carbene allyl derivatives by taking advantage of the hemilability of the thioetheric sulfur. Attempts at preparing mixed bis-carbene complexes bearing two different heteroditopic carbenes (i.e. NHC-S and NHC-Py) simultaneously coordinated to the palladium center lead to a carbene transmetalation with the formation of a statistically distributed equilibrium mixture of the two pure homoleptic and of the mixed bis-carbene palladium allyl complexes in solution. In two different cases the rate of the equilibrium reaction was measured and a mechanistic hypothesis provided. Finally, we have determined the solid state structures of a complex bearing only one NHC-S heteroditopic carbene and of the bis-carbene (NHC-S, NHC-Py) palladium allyl derivatives.