6786-30-7Relevant articles and documents
An arylative ring expansion cascade of fused cyclobutenes via short-lived intermediates with planar chirality
Arichi, Norihito,Yamada, Ken-Ichi,Yamaoka, Yousuke,Takasu, Kiyosei
, p. 9579 - 9582 (2015)
An arylative ring expansion cascade has been developed for the synthesis of medium-sized carbocycles from fused cyclobutenes. This reaction proceeds through a short-lived cis,trans-cycloalkadiene intermediate that is formed by thermal 4η electrocyclic ring opening. Chirality transfer experiments provide direct evidence for the transient generation of the intermediate.
Synthesis and Target Identification of Benzoxepane Derivatives as Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Agents for Ischemic Stroke
Gao, Cheng-Long,Hou, Gui-Ge,Liu, Jin,Ru, Tong,Xu, Ya-Zhou,Zhao, Shun-Yi,Ye, Hui,Zhang, Lu-Yong,Chen, Kai-Xian,Guo, Yue-Wei,Pang, Tao,Li, Xu-Wen
, p. 2429 - 2439 (2020/01/03)
Benzoxepane derivatives were designed and synthesized, and one hit compound emerged as being effective in vitro with low toxicity. In vivo, this hit compound ameliorated both sickness behavior through anti-inflammation in LPS-induced neuroinflammatory mice model and cerebral ischemic injury through anti-neuroinflammation in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Target fishing for the hit compound using photoaffinity probes led to identification of PKM2 as the target protein responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of the hit compound. Furthermore, the hit exhibited an anti-neuroinflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PKM2-mediated glycolysis and NLRP3 activation, indicating PKM2 as a novel target for neuroinflammation and its related brain disorders. This hit compound has a better safety profile compared to shikonin, a reported PKM2 inhibitor, identifying it as a lead compound in targeting PKM2 for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Light Harvesting for Rapid and Selective Reactions: Click Chemistry with Strain-Loadable Alkenes
Singh, Kamaljeet,Fennell, Christopher J.,Coutsias, Evangelos A.,Latifi, Reza,Hartson, Steve,Weaver, Jimmie D.
supporting information, p. 124 - 137 (2018/01/17)
Intramolecular strain is a powerful driving force for rapid and selective chemical reactions, and it is the cornerstone of strain-induced bioconjugation. However, the use of molecules with built-in strain is often complicated as a result of instability or selectivity issues. Here, we show that such strain, and subsequent cycloadditions, can be mediated by visible light via the harvesting of photochemical energy. Through theoretical investigations and molecular engineering of strain-loadable cycloalkenes, we demonstrate the rapid chemoselective cycloaddition of alkyl azides with unstrained cycloalkenes via the transiently (reversibly) formed trans-cycloalkene. We assess this system via the rapid bioconjugation of azide-functionalized insulin. An attractive feature of this process is the cleavable nature of the linker, which makes a catch-and-release strategy possible. In broader terms, we show that conversion of photochemical energy to intramolecular ring strain is a powerful strategy that can facilitate complex chemical transformations, even in biomolecular systems. Probing, isolating, and/or manipulating biologically relevant macromolecules is central to the study of their function in living systems. However, the synthetic tools available for performing the chemistry necessary for such studies are often difficult to use or limited in utility. In the approach presented here, light is converted to molecular strain energy, which can in turn be used for performing rapid and highly selective chemistry on macromolecular systems. Because it involves chemically stable and chemoselective reactions, this research not only opens up new possibilities for biomolecular functionalization and manipulation but also promises to make such experiments accessible to a broader class of researchers. The central concept of strain-loadable alkenes is general and provides a firm foundation for light-activated chemistry in complex environments. Strain-loadable alkenes are cycloalkenes that, when irradiated in the presence of a visible-light-absorbing photocatalyst, undergo double-bond isomerization. Because of engineered geometrical constraints, this isomerization results in significant molecular strain. Weaver and colleagues exploit this strain to dramatically accelerate the cycloaddition with azides, which are otherwise unreactive, in mixed molecular environments.
