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Upstream product

• 109-72-8 n-butyllithium 
• 59-88-1 phenylhydrazine hydrochloride 
• 100-47-0 benzonitrile 
• 100-63-0 phenylhydrazine 
• 69060-55-5 valerophenone oxime 
• 1009-14-9 phenyl butyl ketone 
• 4250-81-1 1-phenyl-1-pentyne 
• 615-36-1 2-bromoaniline 
• 495-40-9 propiophenone 
• 62-53-3 aniline 
• 114-83-0 1-acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine 
• 65-85-0 benzoic acid 
• 54431-11-7 valerophenone phenylhydrazone 
• 100-58-3 phenylmagnesium bromide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Multiple component Fischer indole reactions

New 3-component variations of the Fischer synthesis of substituted indoles have been developed based on the reaction of organometallic reagents with nitriles or carboxylic acids. The new variations expand the scope and synthetic utility of the method.

Synthesis of DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] Derivatives and Their Regulatory Effects on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in IL-1β-Stimulated Primary Human Oral Cells

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) has diverse physiological functions and plays important roles in health and disease. In this report, we focus on its function in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8, which are implicated in several autoimmune diseases and host defense against infection. IL-1β activity is markedly dependent on the binding affinity toward IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). Several studies have been conducted to identify suitable small molecules that can modulate the interactions between 1L-1β and 1L-1R1. Based on our previous report, where DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] exhibited such modulatory activity, three types of DPIE derivatives were synthesized by introducing various substituents at the 1, 2, and 3 positions of the indole group in DPIE. To predict a possible binding pose in complex with IL-1R1, a docking simulation was performed. The effect of the chemicals was determined in human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) following IL-1β induction. The DPIE derivatives affected different aspects of cytokine production. Further, a group of the derivatives enabled synergistic pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while another group caused diminished cytokine production compared to DPIE stimulation. Some groups displayed no significant difference after stimulation. These findings indicate that the modification of the indole site could modulate IL-1β:IL1R1 binding affinity to reduce or enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Synthesis of Ester-Substituted Indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines via Photocatalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation/Cyclization Reactions

A direct alkoxycarbonylation/cyclization reaction is accomplished under visible light-induced photoredox catalysis. With this approach, a variety of ester-substituted indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines are prepared in good to excellent yields. It is worth noting that this method not only can afford the synthesis of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines but also can provide an alternative route for generating complex target structures bearing carboxylic esters.

Et3SiH + KO: T Bu provide multiple reactive intermediates that compete in the reactions and rearrangements of benzylnitriles and indolenines

The combination of potassium tert-butoxide and triethylsilane is unusual because it generates multiple different types of reactive intermediates simultaneously that provide access to (i) silyl radical reactions, (ii) hydrogen atom transfer reactions to cl

Synthesis of indolo[2,1-: A] isoquinoline derivatives via visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization reactions

We describe a photocatalyzed transformation for the synthesis of the indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline core structure. This redox neutral reaction features mild reaction conditions and exceptional functional group tolerance. A series of valuable indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives bearing various functional groups were synthesized using this method in good to excellent yields.

Indole synthesis by rhodium(III)-catalyzed hydrazine-directed C-H activation: Redox-neutral and traceless by N-N bond cleavage

Fishing for complements! There is an alternative to the useful Fischer indole synthesis. The new method utilizes the same retrosynthetic disconnection but is based on a RhIII-catalyzed directed C-H activation step and a successive coupling with alkynes. Copyright

The regioselective Larock indole synthesis catalyzed by NHC-palladium complexes

The first practical and regioselective process for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles from the reaction of o-iodoanilines or o-bromoanilines and their derivatives with symmetrical and unsymmetrical internal alkynes catalyzed by a ferrocene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-palladium complex has been developed, and the indoles were isolated in good yields with high regioselectivity.

Nickel-catalyzed heteroannulation of o-haloanilines with alkynes

A nickel-catalyzed heteroannulation has been developed where o-haloanilines react with alkynes to afford 2,3-disubstituted indoles. IPr (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) was found to be an effective ligand for the reaction.

Regioselective Pd-catalyzed indolization of 2-bromoanilines with internal alkynes using phosphine-free ligands

The possibility of using phosphine-free ligands to promote Pd-catalyzed indolization of 2-bromoanilines with internal alkynes was examined for the first time. Phenylurea was found to be the optimal ligand, which could mediate the synthesis of 2,3-disubsti

One-pot synthesis of polysubstituted indoles from aliphatic nitro compounds under mild conditions

Polysubstituted indoles can be prepared directly from functionalized nitroalkanes under very mildly acidic conditions in a simple, one-pot, two-stage procedure.