68892-06-8Relevant articles and documents
Targeting a Targeted Drug: An Approach Toward Hypoxia-Activatable Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Prodrugs
Karnthaler-Benbakka, Claudia,Groza, Diana,Koblmüller, Bettina,Terenzi, Alessio,Holste, Katharina,Haider, Melanie,Baier, Dina,Berger, Walter,Heffeter, Petra,Kowol, Christian R.,Keppler, Bernhard K.
, p. 2410 - 2421 (2016/11/13)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have revolutionized cancer therapy over the past 15 years, are limited in their clinical application due to serious side effects. Therefore, we converted two approved TKIs (sunitinib and erlotinib) into 2-nitroimidazole-based hypoxia-activatable prodrugs. Kinetics studies showed very different stabilities over 24 h; however, fast reductive activation via E. coli nitroreductase could be confirmed for both panels. The anticancer activity and signaling inhibition of the compounds against various human cancer cell lines were evaluated in cell culture. These data, together with molecular docking simulations, revealed distinct differences in the impact of structural modifications on drug binding to the enzymes: whereas the catalytic pocket of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) accepted all new erlotinib derivatives, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-inhibitory potential in the case of the sunitinib prodrugs was dramatically diminished by derivatization. In line, hypoxia dependency of ERK signaling inhibition was observed with the sunitinib prodrugs, while oxygen levels had no impact on the activity of the erlotinib derivatives. Overall, proof of principle could be shown for this concept, and the results obtained are an important basis for the future development of tyrosine kinase inhibitor prodrugs.
New mixed-ligand ReV complexes with bis(2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide and functionalized thioimidazolyl ligands
Palma, Elisa,Correia, Joao D. G.,Domingos, Angela,Santos, Isabel
, p. 2402 - 2407 (2007/10/03)
The preparation of the mixed-ligand ReV complexes [Re(O)(κ3-SSS)(κ1-Simz)] (1), [Re(O)(κ3-SSS)(κ1-Simz)]·HCl (2) and [Re(O)(κ3-SSS)(κ1-SimzCOGlyGly)] (3) are described. These [3+1] type compounds are stabilized by tridentate bis(2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide (HSSSH) and by monodentate functionalized thioimidazolyl ligands. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 were fully characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and by X-ray diffraction analysis in the case of 1 and 2. In complexes 1 and 2 the Re atom is five-coordinate, presenting a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry. Based on the angular structural parameter, τ, this distortion lies towards a trigonal bipyramidal geometry (τ = 0.40, 1; τ = 0.46, 2). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002.