7073-93-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Murahashi Cross-Coupling at ?78 °C: A One-Pot Procedure for Sequential C?C/C?C, C?C/C?N, and C?C/C?S Cross-Coupling of Bromo-Chloro-Arenes
Sinha, Narayan,Heijnen, Dorus,Feringa, Ben L.,Organ, Michael G.
supporting information, p. 9180 - 9184 (2019/07/04)
The coupling of organolithium reagents, including strongly hindered examples, at cryogenic temperatures (as low as ?78 °C) has been achieved with high-reactivity Pd-NHC catalysts. A temperature-dependent chemoselectivity trigger has been developed for the selective coupling of aryl bromides in the presence of chlorides. Building on this, a one-pot, sequential coupling strategy is presented for the rapid construction of advanced building blocks. Importantly, one-shot addition of alkyllithium compounds to Pd cross-coupling reactions has been achieved, eliminating the need for slow addition by syringe pump.
Iron-Catalyzed Isopropylation of Electron-Deficient Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides
Sanderson, James N.,Dominey, Andrew P.,Percy, Jonathan M.
, p. 1007 - 1017 (2017/03/27)
Traditional methods for the preparation of secondary alkyl-substituted aryl and heteroaryl chlorides challenge both selectivity and functional group tolerance. This contribution describes the use of statistical design of experiments to develop an effective procedure for the preparation of isopropyl-substituted (hetero)arenes with minimal isopropyl to n-propyl isomerization. The reaction tolerates electronically diverse aryl chloride coupling partners, with excellent conversion observed for strongly electron-deficient aromatic rings, such as esters and amides. Electron-rich systems, including methyl- and methoxy-substituted aryl chlorides, were found to be less reactive. Furthermore, the reaction was found to be most successful when heteroaryl chlorides were submitted to the cross-coupling protocol. By mapping substituent effects on reaction selectivity, we were able to show that electron-deficient aryl chlorides are essential for efficient coupling, and use electronic structure calculations to predict the likelihood of successful coupling through the estimation of the electron affinity of each aryl chloride. Moderate isolated yields were achieved with selected aryl chlorides, and moderate to good isolated yields were obtained for all the heteroaryl chlorides coupled. Excellent selectivity was observed when a 2,6-dichloroquinoline was used, allowing mono-substitution on a challenging substrate. (Figure presented.).
PROCESS FOR HALOGENATION OF BENZENE AND BENZENE DERIVATIVES
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Page/Page column 18; 19, (2008/06/13)
In a process of halogenation of benzene or benzene derivatives, di-substituted halobenzene derivatives having para-aromatic compounds or tri-substituted halobenzene derivatives having 1,2,4-substituted aromatic compounds are selectively produced. In halogenation of benzene or benzene derivatives, a fluorine-containing zeolite catalyst such as L-type zeolite, or a zeolite catalyst having the crystal size of at most 100 nm is used. The reaction is preferably effected in the presence of a solvent, and the solvent is preferably a halogenated compound.
Substituent Effect in C-Isopropylation of Benzene Derivatives in the Nitrobenzene-Methanesulfonic Acid-Isopropyl Methanesulfonate System
Zaraiskaya, N. A.,Kachurin, O. I.
, p. 641 - 644 (2007/10/03)
Relative reactivities of chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene in C-isopropylation in the system nitrobenzene-methanesulfonic acid-isopropyl methanesulfonate at 298 K and the initial regioselectivity of the reaction were studied.Correlation analysis shows that sensitivity of the reaction to mesomeric effects of the substituents increses with decreasing activity of the substrate.
Direct Geminal Dimethylation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Dichlorodimethyltitanium
Reetz, Manfred T.,Kyung, Suk-Hun
, p. 123 - 124 (2007/10/02)
Aromatic aldehydes react specifically with (CH3)2TiCl2 to form the geminal dimethylated products.
Molar enthalpies of formation of isopropylchlorobenzenes derived from equilibrium measurements
Nesterova, T. N.,Rozhnov, A. M.,Malova, T. N.,Kovzel, E. N.
, p. 649 - 656 (2007/10/02)
Isomerization equilibria have been studied between 1-chloro-3-isopropyl-4-methylbenzene (I) and 1-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-methylbenzene, between 1-chloro-2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylbenzene (III) and 1-chloro-2,5-diisopropyl-4-methylbenzene (IV), and between 1-chloro-4-methylbenzene (VI) with the formation of (I) and (II) has also been studied.These experiments have been performed for the compounds in the liquid state between 303 and 403 K.From the values of the equilibrium constants following pairs of results have been calculated for ΔfH0m/(kJ.mol-1) and ΔfS0m/(J.K-1.mol-1): I=II, -(3.12 +/- 1.08) and (4.04 +/- 3.18); III=IV, (0.43 +/- 0.17) and (2.68 +/- 0.25); V=IV, -(10.08 +/- 4.86) and (5.40 +/- 13.14); IV+VI=I+II, -(0.72 +/- 0.50) and (3.42 +/- 1.46).The effects bj/(kJ.mol-1) of double and triple interactions of the functional groups have been calculated for alkylchlorobenzenes: b0Me-i-Pr=(7.6 +/- 3.9); b0i-Pr-Cl=(4.6 +/- 1.3); bpi-Pr-Cl=(1.5 +/- 1.1); bmi-Pr-Cl=0; b1.2.3i-Pr-Me-i-Pr=(7.1 +/- 5.6); b1.2.3i-Pr-Cl-i-Pr=(3.2 +/- 2.9).The effects of para- and meta-interactions of alkyl groups are equal to zero.The molar enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K of 20 alkylchlorobenzenes in the liquid state have been calculated.
