73742-07-1Relevant articles and documents
Continuous flow as an enabling technology: a fast and versatile entry to functionalized glyoxal derivatives
Lima, Fabio,Meisenbach, Mark,Schenkel, Berthold,Sedelmeier, Joerg
supporting information, p. 2420 - 2424 (2021/04/02)
We herein report two complementary strategies employing organolithium chemistry for the synthesis of glyoxal derivatives. Micro-mixer technology allows for the generation of unstable organometallic intermediates and their instantaneous in-line quenching with esters as electrophiles. Selective mono-addition was observedviaputative stabilized tetrahedral intermediates. Advantages offered by flow chemistry technologies facilitate direct and efficient access to masked 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds while mitigating undesired by-product formation. These two approaches enable the production of advanced and valuable synthetic building blocks for heterocyclic chemistry with throughputs of grams per minute.
Chlorpheniramine Analogues Reverse Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum by Inhibiting PfCRT
Deane, Karen J.,Summers, Robert L.,Lehane, Adele M.,Martin, Rowena E.,Barrow, Russell A.
supporting information, p. 576 - 581 (2014/06/09)
The emergence and spread of malaria parasites that are resistant to chloroquine (CQ) has been a disaster for world health. The antihistamine chlorpheniramine (CP) partially resensitizes CQ-resistant (CQR) parasites to CQ but possesses little intrinsic antiplasmodial activity. Mutations in the parasite's CQ resistance transporter (PfCRT) confer resistance to CQ by enabling the protein to transport the drug away from its site of action, and it is thought that resistance-reversers such as CP exert their effect by blocking this CQ transport activity. Here, a series of new structural analogues and homologues of CP have been synthesized. We show that these compounds (along with other in vitro CQ resistance-reversers) inhibit the transport of CQ via a resistance-conferring form of PfCRT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore, the level of PfCRT-inhibition was found to correlate well with both the restoration of CQ accumulation and the level of CQ resensitization in CQR parasites.
Clotrimazole scaffold as an innovative pharmacophore towards potent antimalarial agents: Design, synthesis, and biological and structure-activity relationship studies
Gemma, Sandra,Campiani, Giuseppe,Butini, Stefania,Kukreja, Gagan,Coccone, Salvatore Sanna,Joshi, Bhupendra P.,Persico, Marco,Nacci, Vito,Fiorini, Isabella,Novellino, Ettore,Fattorusso, Ernesto,Taglialatela-Scafati, Orazio,Savini, Luisa,Taramelli, Donatella,Basilico, Nicoletta,Parapini, Silvia,Morace, Giulia,Yardley, Vanessa,Croft, Simon,Coletta, Massimiliano,Marini, Stefano,Fattorusso, Caterina
, p. 1278 - 1294 (2008/09/20)
We describe herein the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of an innovative class of antimalarial agents based on a polyaromatic pharmacophore structurally related to clotrimazole and easy to synthesize by low-cost synthetic procedures. SAR studies delineated a number of structural features able to modulate the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. A selected set of antimalarials was further biologically investigated and displayed low in vitro toxicity on a panel of human and murine cell lines. In vitro, the novel compounds proved to be selective for free heme, as demonstrated in the β-hematin inhibitory activity assay, and did not show inhibitory activity against 14-α-lanosterol demethylase (a fungal P450 cytochrome). Compounds 2, 4e, and 4n exhibited in vivo activity against P. chabaudi after oral administration and thus represent promising antimalarial agents for further preclinical development.