7758-89-6

Basic information

• Product Name: Cuprous chloride
• Synonyms: cuprouschloride(cu2cl2);cuprousdichloride;dicopperdichloride;COPPER CHLORIDE;COPPER(+1)CHLORIDE;COPPER[1]CHLORIDE;COPPER(I) CHLORIDE;COPPER (I) CHLORIDE ACID
• CAS NO: 7758-89-6
• Molecular Formula: ClCu
• Molecular Weight: 99
• EINECS: 231-842-9
• Product Categories: Inorganic Chemicals;Inorganics;metal halide;Copper Salts;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Copper;Materials Science;Metal and Ceramic Science;Salts;29: Cu;Beaded Materials;Crystal Grade Inorganics
• Mol File: 7758-89-6.mol
• Article Data: 21

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 430 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 1490 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 1490°C
• Appearance: Slightly greenish-gray/beads
• Density: 1.15 g/mL at 20 °C
• Vapor Pressure: 1.3 mm Hg ( 546 °C)
• Refractive Index: 1.93
• Storage Temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
• Solubility: 0.06 g/L (25°C)
• Water Solubility: 0.06 g/L (25 ºC)
• Sensitive: Air & Moisture Sensitive
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, potassium, water. Air, light and moisture sensitive.
• Merck: 14,2660
• CAS DataBase Reference: Cuprous chloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Cuprous chloride(7758-89-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Cuprous chloride(7758-89-6)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xn,N
• Statements: 22-50/53-51/53-36/37/38-41-37/38-38
• Safety Statements: 26-61-60-22-39
• RIDADR: UN 3082 9/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 2
• RTECS: GL6990000
• F: 1-8-10
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 8
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7758-89-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 7758-89-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. white or pale grey powder
2. Copper chloride is a brownish-yellow powder.

Physical properties

White cubic crystal which turns blue when heated at 178°C; density 4.14 g/cm3; the mineral nantokite (CuCl) has density 4.14 g/cm3, hardness 2.5 (Mohs), refractive index 1.930; melts at 430°C becoming a deep, green liquid; vaporizes around 1,400°C; vapor pressure 5 torr at 645°C and 400 torr at 1,250°C; low solubility in water (decomposes partially); Ksp 1.72x10-7; insoluble in ethanol and acetone; soluble in concentrated HCl and ammonium hydroxide.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 7758-89-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Copper chloride is also known as cupric chloride, this substance was made by treating copper carbonate with hydrochloric acid. The greenish blue crystals are soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. This halide was added to printing-out and silver bromide emulsions for increased contrast.
2. Copper(I) chloride (CuCl) or cuprous chloride is a white powder used as an absorbing agent for carbon dioxide gas in enclosed breathing areas such as space vehicles.
3. As catalyst for organic reactions; catalyst, decolorizer and desulfuring agent in petroleum industry; in denitration of cellulose; as condensing agent for soaps, fats and oils; in gas analysis to absorb carbon monoxide.
4. Shows unique character as an initiator of radical reactions such as the hydrostannation of α,β-unsaturated ketones.1
5. It is used for absorption of carbon monoxide in gas analysis.

Definition

ChEBI: An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.

Preparation

Copper(I) chloride is prepared by reduction of copper(II) chloride in solution: 2CuCl2 + H2 2CuCl + 2HCl Alternatively, it can be prepared by boiling an acidic solution of copper(II) chloride with copper metal, which on dilution yields white CuCl: Cu + CuCl2 2CuCl Copper(I) chloride dissolved in concentrated HCl absorbs carbon monoxide under pressure forming an adduct, CuCl(CO). The complex decomposes on heating releasing CO. Copper(I) chloride is slightly soluble in water. However, in the presence of Cl- ion, it forms soluble complexes of discrete halogeno anions such as, CuCl2-, CuCl3 2-, and CuCl4 3-. Formation of complexes and organocopper derivatives as outlined below are not confined only to copper(I) chloride, but typify Cu+ in general. Reaction with ethylenediamine (en) in aqueous potassium chloride solution forms Cu(II)-ethylenediamine complex, while Cu+ ion is reduced to its metallic state: 2CuCl + 2en → [Cuen2]2+ + 2Cl- + Cu° It dissolves in acetonitrile, CH3CN forming tetrahedral complex ion [Cu(CH3CN)4]+ which can be precipitated with large anions such as ClO4 - or PF6- . Reactions with alkoxides of alkali metals produce yellow copper(I) alkoxides. For example, reaction with sodium ethoxide yield copper(I) ethoxide, a yellow compound that can be sublimed from the product mixture: CuCl + NaOC2H5 → CuOC2H5 + NaCl Copper(I) chloride forms complexes with ethylene and other alkenes in solutions that may have compositions such as [Cu(C2H4)(H2O)2]+ or [Cu(C2H4)(bipy)]+. (bipy = bipyridyl) Reactions with lithium or Grignard reagent yield alkyl or aryl copper(I) derivatives, respectively. Such organocopper compounds containing Cu-Cu bonds are formed only by Cu+ and not Cu2+ ions.

General Description

The structure of copper(I) chloride is similar to zinc-blende crystal at room temperature; the structure is wurtzite at 407 °C and at higher temperatures it forms copper(I) chloride vapor as per mass spectroscopy.

Hazard

Copper(I) chloride is moderately toxic by ingestion and possibly other routes of entry into the body. The oral LD50 in mouse is reported to be 347 mg/kg; and subcutaneous LD50 in guinea pigs is 100 mg/kg.

Shipping

UN2802 Copper chloride, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

Wash the solid with ethanol and diethyl ether, then dry it and store it in a vacuum desiccator [.sterl.f Acta Chem Scand 4 375 1950]. Alternatively, to an aqueous solution of CuCl2.2H2O is added, with stirring, an aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulfite. The colourless product is dried at 80o for 30minutes and stored under N2. Cu2Cl2 can be purified by zone-refining [Hall et al. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 79 343 1983]. [Glemser & Sauer in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1005 1965.]

Incompatibilities

Contact with strong acids forms monovalent copper salts and toxic hydrogen chloride gas. Forms shock-sensitive and explosive compounds with potassium, sodium, sodium hypobromite, nitromethane, acetylene. Keep away from moisture and alkali metals. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. Reacts with moist air to form cupric chloride dihydrate. May attack some metals, paints, and coatings. May be able to ignite combustible materials.

InChI:InChI=1/2ClH.2Cu/h2*1H;;/q;;2*+1/p-2

Synthetic route

copper dichloride → copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + copper (12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8) + copper(I) hydride

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) byproducts: HCl, Cl2; sublimation of CuCl2 in a H2-He microwave-induced plasma afterglow after 45 ms; not isolated, detected by chemiluminescence and MS;	A n/a B n/a C 0%

copper dichloride → copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + Cl4Cu4 + (CuCl)3

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) sublimation of CuCl2; not isolated, detected by MS;

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + copper (12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8) → copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, gas phase) molecular beam app., CCl4 in Ar is passed over copper powder or wire at about 650°C;

chlorine (7782-50-5) + copper (12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8) → copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) at ca 1300K in a Knudsen-cell;
In neat (no solvent) under vac. at 1000 °C in a Knudsen cell;;
In gaseous matrix laser ablation of Cu in presence of Ne/Cl mixt.; not isolated, microwave spectroscopy;

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl (2564-83-2) + 6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol (309752-65-6) → 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde (78119-82-1)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide	99.6%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + tempol (2226-96-2) + 6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol (309752-65-6) → 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde (78119-82-1)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide	99.5%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 1,10-Phenanthroline (66-71-7) + Å molecular sieves + di(tert-butyl) diazodicarboxylate + para-Chlorobenzyl alcohol (873-76-7) → 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (104-88-1)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether; toluene	99%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + tert.-butylnitrite (540-80-7) + 4-fluoro-2-(2-naphthalen-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenylamine (475215-60-2) + (acetone/ice/sodium chloride) CH2Cl2 + trifluoroborane diethyl ether (109-63-7) → 4-fluoro-2-(2-naphthalen-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzenesulfonyl chloride (475215-61-3)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur dioxide; acetic acid; lithium chloride In 1,4-dioxane; dichloromethane; acetonitrile; pentane	98%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + N(CH2CH3)4(1+)*{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}(1-)=N(CH2CH3)4{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)} → {N(C2H5)4}(1+)*{WCuCl(CC2C(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}(1-)={N(C2H5)4}{WCuCl(CC2C(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane treatment of tungsten complex with CuCl in CH2Cl2;; evapn. of solvent;;	97%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + N(CH2CH3)4(1+)*{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}(1-)=N(CH2CH3)4{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)} → {N(C2H5)4}(1+)*{WCu2Cl2(CC2C(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}(1-)={N(C2H5)4}{WCu2Cl2(CC2C(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane evapn. in vacuo, washing (Et2O), elem. anal.;;	97%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 2-Methyl-6-nitroaniline (570-24-1) → 2-cyano-3-nitrotoluene (1885-76-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In sodium hydrogencarbonate; ethyl acetate; toluene	72%
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In sodium hydrogencarbonate; ethyl acetate; toluene	72%

oxirane (75-21-8) + copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 1-chloro-(Z,E)-7,10-dodecadiene → (9E,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate (70654-47-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; ammonium chloride; acetic anhydride; magnesium; triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; water	71%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + N(CH2CH3)4(1+)*{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}(1-)=N(CH2CH3)4{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)} + tert-butylisonitrile (119072-55-8, 7188-38-7) → {WCu(CC2C(CH3)3)(CO)2(CNC(CH3)3)(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}

Conditions	Yield
With TlBF4 In dichloromethane treatment of tungsten compound in CH2Cl2 with CuCl; treatment of mixture with TlBF4 and CNBu-t simultaneously;; evapn. in vacuo, extn. (Et2O), evapn. in vacuo, addn. of petroleum, cooling to -20 °C, drying, elem. anal.;;	70%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + N(CH2CH3)4(1+)*{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}(1-)=N(CH2CH3)4{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)} + 2,6-dimethylphenyl isonitrile (119072-54-7, 2769-71-3) → {WCu(CC2C(CH3)3)(CO)2(CNC6H3(CH3)2)(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}

Conditions	Yield
With TlBF4 In dichloromethane treatment of tungsten compound in CH2Cl2 with CuCl; further treatment of mixture with TlBF4 and CNC6H3(CH3)2 simultaneously; stirring for 12 h;; evapn. (vac.), extn. (Et2O), evapn. (vac.), addn. of petroleum, cooling to -20 °C, drying, elem. anal.;;	69%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 2-(4'-amino-3'-iodophenyl)-benzothiazole (162374-60-9) → 4-benzothiazol-2-yl-2-chlorophenylamine (178804-10-9)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)	63%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + N(CH2CH3)4(1+)*{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}(1-)=N(CH2CH3)4{W(CCCC(CH3)3)(CO)2(C2B9H9(CH3)2)} → {N(C2H5)4}(1+)*{W2Cu(CC2C(CH3)3)2(CO)4(C2B9H9(CH3)2)2}(1-)={N(C2H5)4}{W2Cu(CC2C(CH3)3)2(CO)4(C2B9H9(CH3)2)2}

Conditions	Yield
With TlBF4 In dichloromethane treatment of tungsten compound in CH2Cl2 with CuCl and with excess TlBF4; stirring for one h;; filtration, evapn. in vacuo, pptn. (petroleum), stirring for 10 min, filtration, addn. of petroleum, evapn. in vacuo, washing (petroleum), elem. anal.;;	61%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + (E)-methyl 2-(2-bromophenyl)-3-methoxypropenoate (122394-39-2) + 3-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)phenol (122394-40-5) → (E)-methyl 3-methoxy-2-[2-(3-[4-phenoxyphenoxy]phenoxy)phenyl]propenoate

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In hexane	60%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + aqueous diethanolamine + 3-(benzyloxy)-2-methylpropanal (74130-31-7, 79026-61-2, 79027-28-4, 73814-73-0) + N-benzyl hydroxylalmine (622-30-0) + methyl ethynyl ketone (1423-60-5) → 3-Acetyl-1-benzyl-4-(2-benzyloxy-1-methylethyl)trans-azetidin-2-one (112959-37-2)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; hexane; ethyl acetate	58%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 1-(2,4-diiodophenoxy)butan-2-ol (527680-64-4) → 2-ethyl-7-iodo-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine (527680-65-5)

Conditions	Yield
In pyridine; dichloromethane	57%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + NEt4{W(CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2(η5-C2B9H9Me2)} + 2,6-dimethylphenyl isonitrile (119072-54-7, 2769-71-3) → {WCu(CC6H4CH3)(CO)2(CNC6H3(CH3)2)(C2B9H9(CH3)2)}

Conditions	Yield
With TlBF4 In dichloromethane treatment of tungsten compound in CH2Cl2 with CuCl; further treatment of mixture with TlBF4 and CNC6H3(CH3)2 simultaneously; stirring for ca 12 h;; filtration, evapn. (vac.), chromy. (Florisil, CH2Cl2), evapn., pptn. (petroleum, -30 °C), elem. anal.;;	57%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 4-methoxy-4-(3-mercaptophenyl)tetrahydropyran + 5-iodo-N-mesylindoline (143937-67-1) → 5-[3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4yl)phenylthio]-N-mesylindoline (143937-38-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In water; ethyl acetate; N,N-dimethyl-formamide	55%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5α,10α-epoxy-17α,20-dihydroxy-21-methoxy-19-norpregna-9(11)-ene (345901-66-8) + 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline (586-77-6) + ethylene dibromide (106-93-4) → 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5α,17α,20-trihydroxy-11β-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-21-methoxy-19-norpregn-9-ene (345901-67-9)

Conditions	Yield
With ammonium chloride; iodine; magnesium In tetrahydrofuran; water	53.3%

copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + 3,3-Ethylenedioxy-5α,10α-epoxy-17α-trimethylsilyloxy-21-methyl-19-norpregna-9(11)-en-20-one (198414-18-5) + 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline (586-77-6) → 3,3-Ethylenedioxy-5α-hydroxy-11β-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-17α-trimethylsilyloxy-21-methyl-19-norpregn-9(10)-en-20-one (198414-19-6)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride; ammonium chloride; iodine In tetrahydrofuran; dichloromethane; acetone	46.1%

pyrrolidine (123-75-1) + copper(I) chloride (7758-89-6) + (+/-) 6-chloro-4-ethynyl-4-(1,1,1-trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one → (+/-) 6-chloro-4-(1,1,1-trifluoromethyl)-4-[(3-(1-pyrrolidinyl))-1-propynyl]-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one (168834-33-1)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; paraformaldehyde In 1,4-dioxane; hydrogenchloride	46%

Upstream product

• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 12775-96-1 copper 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 

Downstream Products

• 54947-74-9 (4R)-4-Methyloctanoic acid 
• 570398-24-2 ethyl 3-cyclohexyl-3-methylbutanoate 
• 192863-64-2 2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid methyl ester 
• 301542-56-3 5-Chloro-3-(2-phenylethynyl)-2-pyridinamine 
• 158580-97-3 4,5-difluoro-2-(N-methyl-N-methylsulphonyl)aminobenzoic acid 
• 220436-12-4 3-(1-pyrrolidino)-1-butyne 
• 104-88-1 4-chlorobenzaldehyde 
• 1121-60-4 pyridine-2-carbaldehyde 
• 143937-30-8 N-{4-[3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]phenyl}-N-methylmethanesulphonamide 
• 2749-86-2 hex-5-en-2-yn-1-ol 
• 128810-19-5 1-(3-(methylamino)phenyl)-4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)butadiyne 
• 143937-38-6 5-[3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4yl)phenylthio]-N-mesylindoline 
• 128810-15-1 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-[2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-butadiyne 
• 145980-63-8 4-chloro-2,5-dimethylphenylsulfonyl chloride 

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