77959-48-9Relevant articles and documents
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Markovnikov Hydroxycarbonylation and Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Vinyl Arenes: Synthesis of 2-Arylpropanoic Acids
Guan, Zheng-Hui,Ren, Zhi-Hui,Wang, Yuan,Yang, Hui-Yi,Yao, Ya-Hong,Zou, Xian-Jin
supporting information, p. 23117 - 23122 (2021/09/18)
Asymmetric hydroxycarbonylation is one of the most fundamental yet challenging methods for the synthesis of carboxylic acids. Herein, we reported the development of a palladium-catalyzed highly enantioselective Markovnikov hydroxycarbonylation of vinyl arenes with CO and water. A monodentate phosphoramidite ligand L6 plays vital role in the reaction. The reaction tolerates a range of functional groups, and provides a facile and atom-economical approach to an array of 2-arylpropanoic acids including several commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The catalytic system has also enabled an asymmetric Markovnikov hydroalkoxycarbonylation of vinyl arenes with alcohols to afford 2-arylpropanates. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the hydropalladation is irreversible and is the regio- and enantiodetermining step, while hydrolysis/alcoholysis is probably the rate-limiting step.
A Metallaphotoredox Strategy for the Cross-Electrophile Coupling of α-Chloro Carbonyls with Aryl Halides
Chen, Tiffany Q.,MacMillan, David W. C.
supporting information, p. 14584 - 14588 (2019/09/17)
Here, we demonstrate that a metallaphotoredox-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling mechanism provides a unified method for the α-arylation of diverse activated alkyl chlorides, including α-chloroketones, α-chloroesters, α-chloroamides, α-chlorocarboxylic acids, and benzylic chlorides. This strategy, which is effective for a wide variety of aryl bromide coupling partners, is predicated upon a halogen atom abstraction/nickel radical-capture mechanism that is generically successful across an extensive range of carbonyl substrates. The construction and use of arylacetic acid products have further enabled two-step protocols for the delivery of valuable building blocks for medicinal chemistry, such as aryldifluoromethyl and diarylmethane motifs.
Metallic reductant-free synthesis of α-substituted propionic acid derivatives through hydrocarboxylation of alkenes with a formate salt
Takaya, Jun,Miyama, Ko,Zhu, Chuan,Iwasawa, Nobuharu
supporting information, p. 3982 - 3985 (2017/04/11)
A PGeP-pincer palladium-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of styrenes to obtain pharmaceutically important α-arylpropionic acid derivatives was achieved using a formate salt as both a reductant and a CO2 source. The reaction was also applicable to vinylsulfone and acrylates. Isotope labeling experiments demonstrated that a CO2-recycling mechanism is operative through generation and reaction of a benzylpalladium complex as a carbon nucleophile. This protocol has realized a mild and atom economical CO2-fixation reaction without the necessity of using strong metallic reductants.