8055-08-1Relevant articles and documents
Pyridazine N-Oxides as Photoactivatable Surrogates for Reactive Oxygen Species
Basistyi, Vitalii S.,Frederich, James H.
supporting information, p. 1907 - 1912 (2022/03/27)
A method for the photoinduced evolution of atomic oxygen from pyridazine N-oxides was developed. This underexplored oxygen allotrope mediates arene C-H oxidation within complex, polyfunctional molecules. A water-soluble pyridazine N-oxide was also developed and shown to promote photoinduced DNA cleavage in aqueous solution. Taken together, these studies highlight the utility of pyridazine N-oxides as photoactivatable O(3P) precursors for applications in organic synthesis and chemical biology.
Direct Synthesis of Paracetamol via Site-Selective Electrochemical Ritter-type C-H Amination of Phenol
Banerjee, Prabal,Saha, Debarshi,Taily, Irshad Maajid
supporting information, (2022/04/07)
The synthesis of paracetamol still relies on multistep protocols involving the utilization of a stoichiometric amount of oxidizing/reducing or other corrosive agents. Herein we report a regioselective electrochemical Ritter-type reaction at the C(sp2)-H of unprotected phenol toward the environmentally benign and direct synthesis of paracetamol. The reaction proceeds under exogenous oxidant- and catalyst-free conditions. The protocol is scalable, can be deployed to a variety of phenols, and offers a sustainable alternative for the synthesis of paracetamol.
Redox-Neutral Selenium-Catalysed Isomerisation of para-Hydroxamic Acids into para-Aminophenols
Chuang, Hsiang-Yu,Schupp, Manuel,Meyrelles, Ricardo,Maryasin, Boris,Maulide, Nuno
supporting information, p. 13778 - 13782 (2021/03/31)
A selenium-catalysed para-hydroxylation of N-aryl-hydroxamic acids is reported. Mechanistically, the reaction comprises an N?O bond cleavage and consecutive selenium-induced [2,3]-rearrangement to deliver para-hydroxyaniline derivatives. The mechanism is studied through both 18O-crossover experiments as well as quantum chemical calculations. This redox-neutral transformation provides an unconventional synthetic approach to para-aminophenols.
Ethyl 2-Cyano-2-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) Acetate (ortho-NosylOXY)-Mediated Double Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes under Microwave Irradiation: A Mechanistic Perception
Dev, Dharm,Kalita, Tapasi,Mondal, Tanmay,Mandal, Bhubaneswar
, p. 1427 - 1435 (2021/01/04)
A method for Beckmann rearrangement using ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) acetate (o-NosylOXY) under microwave irradiation is reported. Ketoximes (19 examples) are converted to the corresponding amides/lactams with 69–97% yields in ~10 minutes without any Lewis acid or co-catalyst. This is an example of halogen-free organocatalytic Beckmann rearrangement. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based detailed mechanistic investigation suggest that o-NosylOXY acts as an initiator. Such initiators are reported before based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. However, we report here the HRMS signatures of two transient intermediates, the nitrilium ion and the nitrilium ion's dimeric species. Rigorous NMR-based investigation of the reaction mechanism is performed. Our results indicate that the reported Beckmann rearrangement proceeds via two consecutive rearrangements. (Figure presented.).
Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes promoted by cyanuric chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide under a mild condition
Ma, Ruonan,Chen, Xueyuan,Xiao, Zhiyin,Natarajan, Mookan,Lu, Chunxin,Jiang, Xiujuan,Zhong, Wei,Liu, Xiaoming
supporting information, (2021/01/06)
Synthesis of amides via Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes promoted by cyanuric chloride (TCT)/DMSO under mild conditions has been reported. Conditions of the Beckmann rearrangement, e.g., solvents, the ratios of TCT/DMSO, and the temperature, were investigated using diphenylmethanone oxime as a substrate. The optimized conditions were adopted to afford fourteen amides with yields ranging from 20% to 99%. A plausible mechanism involving an active dimethyl alkoxysulfonium intermediate was proposed according to the mass spectrometry analysis. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of study on Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes promoted by TCT/DMSO under a mild condition to afford amides efficiently.
Nickel-catalyzed deallylation of aryl allyl ethers with hydrosilanes
Ding, Guangni,Fan, Sijie,Wang, Jingyang,Wang, Yu,Wu, Xiaoyu,Xie, Xiaomin,Yang, Liqun,Zhang, Zhaoguo
supporting information, (2021/09/28)
An efficient and mild catalytic deallylation method of aryl allyl ethers is developed, with commercially available Ni(COD)2 as catalyst precursor, simple substituted bipyridine as ligand and air-stable hydrosilanes. The process is compatible with a variety of functional groups and the desired phenol products can be obtained with excellent yields and selectivity. Besides, by detection or isolation of key intermediates, mechanism studies confirm that the deallylation undergoes η3-allylnickel intermediate pathway.
Dehydrative Beckmann rearrangement and the following cascade reactions
Liu, Yinghui,Wei, Yongjiao,Xie, Lan-Gui
supporting information, (2021/11/16)
The Beckmann rearrangement has been predominantly studied for the synthesis of amide and lactam. By strategically using the in situ generated Appel's salt or Mitsunobu's zwitterionic adduct as the dehydrating agent, a series of Beckmann rearrangement and following cascade reactions have been developed herein. The protocol allows the conversion of various ketoximes into amide, thioamide, tetrazole and imide products in modular procedures. The generality and tolerance of functionalities of this method have been demonstrated.
Iron-catalyzed arene C-H hydroxylation
Cheng, Lu,Wang, Huihui,Cai, Hengrui,Zhang, Jie,Gong, Xu,Han, Wei
, p. 77 - 81 (2021/10/05)
The sustainable, undirected, and selective catalytic hydroxylation of arenes remains an ongoing research challenge because of the relative inertness of aryl carbon-hydrogen bonds, the higher reactivity of the phenolic products leading to over-oxidized by-products, and the frequently insufficient regioselectivity. We report that iron coordinated by a bioinspired L-cystine-derived ligand can catalyze undirected arene carbon-hydrogen hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant. The reaction is distinguished by its broad substrate scope, excellent selectivity, and good yields, and it showcases compatibility with oxidation-sensitive functional groups, such as alcohols, polyphenols, aldehydes, and even a boronic acid. This method is well suited for the synthesis of polyphenols through multiple carbon-hydrogen hydroxylations, as well as the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug molecules.
Method for promoting iron-catalyzed oxidation of aromatic compound carbon - hydrogen bond to synthesize phenol by ligand
-
Paragraph 0080-0081; 0128, (2021/09/21)
The method comprises the following steps: iron is used as - a catalyst metal; a sulfur-containing amino acid or cystine-derived dipeptide is a ligand; and under the common action of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, an aromatic compound is synthesized to prepare a phenol. Under the action of an acid as an accelerant and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, the aryl carbon - hydrogen bond is directly hydroxylated to form a phenolic compound, and the method for preparing the phenol by the catalytic oxidation reaction has a plurality of advantages. The reaction raw materials, the oxidant and the promoter are wide in source, low in price, environment-friendly and good in stability. The aromatic compound carbon - hydrogen bonds directly participate in the reaction to react in one step to form phenol. The reaction condition is mild, the functional group compatibility and the application range are wide. The reaction selectivity is good; under the optimized reaction conditions, the target product separation yield can reach 85%.
In vitro evaluations for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of a novel serotonin-dopamine activity modulator, brexpiprazole
Sasabe, Hiroyuki,Koga, Toshihisa,Furukawa, Masayuki,Matsunaga, Masayuki,Sasahara, Katsunori,Hashizume, Kenta,Oozone, Yoshihiro,Amunom, Immaculate,Torii, Mikako,Umehara, Ken,Kashiyama, Eiji,Takeuchi, Kenji
supporting information, p. 522 - 535 (2021/03/19)
Brexpiprazole, a serotonin-dopamine activity modulator, is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and also adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. To determine the drug–drug interaction risk for cytochrome P450, and SLC and ABC transporters, brexpiprazole and its metabolite, DM-3411 were assessed in this in?vitro investigation. Brexpiprazole exhibited weak inhibitory effects (IC50 >13 μmol/L) on CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activities, but had moderate inhibitor activity on CYP2B6 (IC50 8.19 μmol/L). The ratio of systemic unbound concentration (3.8 nmol/L) to the Ki value was sufficiently low. DM-3411 had comparable inhibitory potentials with brexpiprazole only for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The mRNA expressions of CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 were not changed by the exposure of brexpiprazole to human hepatocytes. Brexpiprazole and DM-3411 exhibited weak or no inhibitory effects for hepatic and renal transporters (OATPs, OATs, OCTs, MATE1, and BSEP), except for MATE-2K (0.156 μmol/L of DM-3411), even for which the ratio to systemic unbound concentration (5.3 nmol/L) was sufficiently low. Brexpiprazole effected the functions of P-gp and BCRP with IC50 values of 6.31 and 1.16 μmol/L, respectively, however, the pharmacokinetic alteration was not observed in the clinical concomitant study on P-gp and BCRP substrates. These in?vitro data suggest that brexpiprazole is unlikely to cause clinically relevant drug interactions resulting from the effects on CYPs or transporters mediating the absorption, metabolism, and/or disposition of co-administered drugs.