83780-74-9

Basic information

• Product Name: 6-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
• Synonyms: 6-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
• CAS NO: 83780-74-9
• Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₃₂O₃
• Molecular Weight: 272.42
• Mol File: 83780-74-9.mol

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• CAS DataBase Reference: 6-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 6-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid(83780-74-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 6-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid(83780-74-9)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 83780-74-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Upstream product

• 866914-36-5 3-iodo-hexadecanoic acid 
• 14427-53-3 methyl 3-oxohexadecanoate 
• 124-25-4 myristylaldehyde 
• 105-36-2 ethyl bromoacetate 
• 51883-36-4 β-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 2792-16-7 (+/-)-threo-2,3-epoxy-hexadecanoic acid 
• 638-53-9 tridecanoic acid 
• 18633-25-5 (R)-(+)-1,2-epoxypentadecane 
• 2765-11-9 n-pentadecanal 
• 51883-36-4 (R)-β-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester 
• 112-64-1 tetradecanoyl chloride 
• 928-19-8 3-oxo-hexadecanoic acid 
• 57-10-3 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid 

Downstream Products

• 51883-36-4 β-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester 
• 52914-44-0 RID₁₃ 
• 334830-72-7 (R)-3-Triethylsilanyloxy-hexadecanoic acid 
• 51883-36-4 (R)-β-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester 
• 10118-82-8 choline chloride ester of (R)-3-acetoxyhexadecanoic acid 
• 122767-81-1 (R)-3-acetoxyhexadecanoyl chloride 
• 334830-73-8 (R)-3-Triethylsilanyloxy-hexadecanoic acid benzotriazol-1-yl ester 
• 929-79-3 (2E)-hexadecenoic acid 
• 122767-79-7 (R)-(-)-3-acetoxyhexadecanoic acid 
• 2345-28-0 pentadecan-2-one 

Relevant articles and documents

Enzymatic Regio- And Enantioselective C-H Oxyfunctionalization of Fatty Acids

Directed evolution of a P450 hydroxylase (P450BSβ) achieves an engineered enzyme that is able to catalyze C-H oxyfunctionalization of fatty acids (FAs) in a highly regio- and enantioselective fashion (>20:1 Cβ/Cα and > 99% ee in all cases). The biocatalyst displays high reactivity (TON up to 1540), takes inexpensive H2O2 as oxidant, and converts C11-C18 saturated FAs as well as naturally derived unsaturated oleic and linoleic acids to optically pure β-hydroxy FAs. Merging biocatalysis with chemical transformation, we further offer a chemoenzymatic strategy to access valuable FA derivatives bearing 1,3-diol, β-amino, β-lactone, and β-lactam functionalities in either enantiomeric form. Molecular docking studies provide a rationale for the regio- and enantioselectivity of this reaction.

Structure of the unusual Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 lipopolysaccharide and its role in symbiosis

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that form important symbiotic associations with legumes, and rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as K-antigen polysaccharide (KPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), might be important for symbiosis. Previously, we obtained a mutant of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, rkpA, that does not produce KPS, a homopolysaccharide of a pseudaminic acid derivative, but whose LPS electrophoretic profile was indistinguishable from that of the WT strain. We also previously demonstrated that the HH103 rkpLMNOPQ operon is responsible for 5-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-7-(3-hydroxybutyramido)-L-glyc-ero-L-manno-nonulosonic acid [Pse5NAc7(3OHBu)] production and is involved in HH103 KPS and LPS biosynthesis and that an HH103 rkpM mutant cannot produce KPS and displays an altered LPS structure. Here, we analyzed the LPS structure of HH103 rkpA, focusing on the carbohydrate portion, and found that it contains a highly heterogeneous lipid A and a peculiar core oligosaccharide composed of an unusually high number of hexuronic acids containing b-configured Pse5NAc7(3OHBu). This pseudaminic acid derivative, in its a-configuration, was the only structural component of the S. fredii HH103 KPS and, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported from any other rhizobial LPS. We also show that Pse5NAc7(3OHBu) is the complete or partial epitope for a mAb, NB6-228.22, that can recognize the HH103 LPS, but not those of most of the S. fredii strains tested here. We also show that the LPS from HH103 rkpM is identical to that of HH103 rkpA but devoid of any Pse5NAc7(3OHBu) residues. Notably, this rkpM mutant was severely impaired in symbiosis with its host, Macroptilium atropurpureum.

Enantioselective organocatalysis-based synthesis of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and fatty γ-lactones

3-Hydroxy fatty acids have attracted the interest of researchers, since some of them may interact with free fatty acid receptors more effectively than their non-hydroxylated counterparts and their determination in plasma provides diagnostic information regarding mitochondrial deficiency. We present here the development of a convenient and general methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of 3-hydroxy fatty acids. The enantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of terminal epoxides, starting from long chain aldehydes, is the key-step of our methodology, followed by ring opening with vinylmagnesium bromide. Ozonolysis and subsequent oxidation leads to the target products. MacMillan’s third generation imidazolidinone organocatalyst has been employed for the epoxide formation, ensuring products in high enantiomeric purity. Furthermore, a route for the incorporation of deuterium on the carbon atom carrying the hydroxy group was developed allowing the synthesis of deuterated derivatives, which may be useful in biological studies and in mass spectrometry studies. In addition, the synthesis of fatty γ-lactones, corresponding to 4-hydroxy fatty acids, was also explored.

A novel total synthesis of aculeatin A via a stepwise approach

Aculeatin A, isolated from the plant Amomum aculeatum, is a dispirocyclic compound having antimalarial activity. In this paper, we describe a novel synthetic approach to aculeatin A from 1-tetradecanal in nine steps via a stepwise strategy. The key features of this approach include the 1,3-diketone preparation from Claisen condensation of ketone and acyl chloride, cyclodehydration, and intramolecular oxa-Michael addition to 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one.

Photobiocatalytic decarboxylation for olefin synthesis

Here, we describe the combination of OleTJE with a light-driven in situ H2O2-generation system for the selective and quantitative conversion of fatty acids into terminal alkenes. The photobiocatalytic system shows clear advantages regarding enzyme activity and yield, resulting in a simple and efficient system for fatty acid decarboxylation.

Chemical synthesis of burkholderia lipid a modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential

Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-b-larabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl-and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester was oxidised in anhydrous conditions to provide, after total deprotection, β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A. The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A.

Antifungal cyclic lipopeptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BO5A

A bioassay-guided fractionation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BO5A afforded the isolation of two new cyclic lipopeptides (1 and 2) as the major lipid constituents (>60%) of the CHCl3-MeOH (2:1) extract. The chemical structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (MS1, MS2), and chemical degradation. The compounds are members of the surfactins family and are based on a heptapeptide chain composed by Glu-Val-Leu-Val-Asp-Leu-Leu. Its N-terminal end is N-acylated by an (R)-3-hydroxy fatty acid with linear alkyl chains of 16:0 and 15:0 (1 and 2, respectively). The 3-hydroxyl group closes a 25-membered lactone ring with the carboxylic group of the C-terminal amino acid. The isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against the four pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium italicum and the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Compound 2 displayed activity against all tested pathogens.

Identification of four new agr quorum sensing-interfering cyclodepsipeptides from a marine Photobacterium

During our search for new natural products from the marine environment, we discovered a wide range of cyclic peptides from a marine Photobacterium, closely related to P. halotolerans. The chemical fingerprint of the bacterium showed primarily non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like compounds, including the known pyrrothine antibiotic holomycin and a wide range of peptides, from diketopiperazines to cyclodepsipeptides of 500-900 Da. Purification of components from the pellet fraction led to the isolation and structure elucidation of four new cyclodepsipeptides, ngercheumicin F, G, H, and I. The ngercheumicins interfered with expression of virulence genes known to be controlled by the agr quorum sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus, although to a lesser extent than the previously described solonamides from the same strain of Photobacterium.

Termination of the structural confusion between plipastatin A1 and fengycin IX

Plipastatin A1 and fengycin IX were experimentally proven to be identical compounds, while these had been considered as diastereomers due to the permutation of the enantiomeric pair of Tyr in most papers. The 1H NMR spectrum changed to become quite similar to that of plipastatin A1, when the sample which provided resembled spectrum of fengycin IX was treated with KOAc followed by LH-20 gel filtration. Our structural investigations disclosed that the structures of these molecules should be settled into that of plipastatin A1 by Umezawa (l-Tyr4 and d-Tyr10).

The synthesis of pseudomycin C′ via a novel acid promoted side-chain deacylation of pseudomycin A

The γ hydroxyl present in the aliphatic side chain of the natural products pseudomycin A and C′ provided a unique handle for the pH dependent side-chain deacylation. Low pH reaction conditions were used to cleave the side chain with minimal degradation of the peptide core. The pseudomycin nucleus intermediate obtained from the deacylation of pseudomycin A was pivotal in the synthesis of novel side-chain analogues. A practical synthesis of a minor fermentation factor pseudomycin C′ and related analogues is reported.