9078-70-0

Upstream product

• 110-86-1 pyridine 
• 98-01-1 furfural 
• 629-30-1 1,7-heptandiol 
• 123-51-3 i-Amyl alcohol 
• 74-84-0 ethane 
• 74-98-6 propane 
• 74-85-1 ethene 
• 1809-05-8 3-pentyl iodide 
• 287-92-3 Cyclopentane 
• 107-87-9 2-Pentanone 
• 626-87-9 1,4-dibromopentane 
• 2465-56-7 methylene 
• 106-97-8 n-butane 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 

Downstream Products

• 21504-65-4 1-ethyl-1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-cyclohexane 
• 187737-37-7 propene 
• 1674-33-5 1,2-dichloropentane 
• 30930-83-7 hexanal N-cyclohexylimine 
• 57261-91-3 Cyclohexyl-[2-ethyl-but-(Z)-ylidene]-amine 
• 114649-21-7 Cyclohexyl-[2-methyl-pent-(Z)-ylidene]-amine 
• 19398-77-7 3,4-diethylhexane 
• 52896-91-0 3-ethyk-4-methylheptane 
• 15869-96-2 5,5-dimethyloctane 
• 20344-52-9 1-tert-butylcyclohexanol 
• 16204-36-7 3,3,6,6-tetraphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetroxane 
• 931-77-1 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane 
• 676-55-1 methane-d2 
• 5177-75-3 ethane-1,1-d2 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Mechanisms of Methylenecyclobutane Hydrogenation over Supported Metal Catalysts Studied by Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization Technique

In this work the mechanism of methylenecyclobutane hydrogenation over titania-supported Rh, Pt and Pd catalysts was investigated using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique. It was found that methylenecyclobutane hydrogenation leads to formation of a mixture of reaction products including cyclic (1-methylcyclobutene, methylcyclobutane), linear (1-pentene, cis-2-pentene, trans-2-pentene, pentane) and branched (isoprene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, isopentane) compounds. Generally, at lower temperatures (150–350 °C) the major reaction product was methylcyclobutane while higher temperature of 450 °C favors the formation of branched products isoprene, 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene. PHIP effects were detected for all reaction products except methylenecyclobutane isomers 1-methylcyclobutene and isoprene implying that the corresponding compounds can incorporate two atoms from the same parahydrogen molecule in a pairwise manner in the course of the reaction in particular positions. The mechanisms were proposed for the formation of these products based on PHIP results.

Conversion of Phenol and Lignin as Components of Renewable Raw Materials on Pt and Ru-Supported Catalysts

Hydrogenation of phenol in aqueous solutions on Pt-Ni/SiO2, Pt-Ni-Cr/Al2 O3, Pt/C, and Ru/C catalysts was studied at temperatures of 150–250? C and pressures of 40–80 bar. The possibility of hydrogenation of hydrolysis lignin in an aqueous medium in the presence of a Ru/C catalyst is shown. The conversion of hydrolysis lignin and water-soluble sodium lignosulfonate occurs with the formation of a complex mixture of monomeric products: a number of phenols, products of their catalytic hydrogenation (cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone), and hydrogenolysis products (cyclic and aliphatic C2 –C7 hydrocarbons).

Preparation of the Ru/HZSM-5 catalyst and its catalytic performance for the 2-pentanone hydrodeoxygenation reaction

Levulinic acid is an ideal model compound for complex oxygenated components in bio-oil. To assist the understanding of its hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) performance, it is necessary to investigate separately the HDO property of the ketonic carbonyl group and carboxyl group. Herein, 2-pentanone was selected as a model to study the HDO property of the ketonic carbonyl group. The Ru/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by an excessive impregnation method and its structure and acidity were characterized by H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, HRTEM, SEAD, Py-IR, TG-DSC, and ICP analyses. The effect of preparation conditions on the catalytic performance of Ru/HZSM-5 was studied; the suitable preparation conditions were determined as follows: a calcination temperature of 450 °C, a calcination time of 3 h, a reduction temperature of 350 °C, and a reduction time of 4 h. The catalytic performance of Ru/HZSM-5 for the 2-pentanone HDO reaction was evaluated; pentane selectivity of 77.7% at a 2-pentanone conversion of 91.8% was achieved under the conditions of a reaction pressure of 5 MPa, a reaction temperature of 190 °C, a catalyst amount of 6 wt% and a reaction time of 6 h. 2-Pentanone HDO follows the reaction path of 2-pentanone hydrogenation to 2-pentanol and then 2-pentanol dehydration and hydrogenation to the target product pentane. The acidity of the catalyst plays a certain role in influencing its catalytic performance: Lewis acid sites show high activity for activating C-O bonds and Br?nsted acid sites are the key to accelerate the further dehydration of 2-pentanol and hydrogenation to alkanes.

Mechanism change of (+)-nonlinear effect in a phase separation system in a CuII-catalyzed asymmetric friedel-crafts reaction using a C2-chiral dioxolane-containing-bisamidine ligand, Naph-diPIM-dioxo-iPr

A CuII complex of bisamidine ligand LS, chirally modified naphtho[1,2-b:7,8-b′]dipyrroloimidazole (Naph-diPIM), catalyzes the enantioselective Friedel-Crafts (FC) reaction of indole (1a) with ethyl trifluoropyruvate (2) to give quantitatively the FC adduct 3a with a 98:2 S/R enantiomer ratio (er). The reaction shows no nonlinear effect (NLE) under the standard conditions of [1a] = [2] = 100mM; [Cu(OTf)2] = [LS + LR] = 0.10 mM; CPME; and 0 °C irrespective of the catalyst aging temperature. A five-fold increase in the catalyst concentration (0.50mM) changes the situation, leading to a strong (+)-NLE with phase separation of a white solid. The NLE is expressed by the Noyori-type mechanism: Aggregate of heterochiral dimer CuLSCuLR is separated from the reaction system (Khetero > 1 > Khomo). Furthermore, a strong (+)-NLE is observed via a purple solid liberation even with [CuII] = 0.10mM after the catalyst aging at 100 °C in the presence of an excess amount of chiral ligand. A mechanistic study has revealed i) that the sterically disfavored homochiral 1:2 complex CuLSLS is more stabilized by an intramolecular n-π? interaction than the sterically favored heterochiral 1:2 complex CuLSLR and ii) that the (+)-NLE originates from the phase separation of heterochirally interacted (CuLSLSCuLRLR).

Hydrocarbon Synthesis via Photoenzymatic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids

A recently discovered photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP) bears the promise for the efficient and selective synthesis of hydrocarbons from carboxylic acids. CvFAP, however, exhibits a clear preference for long-chain fatty acids thereby limiting its broad applicability. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the decoy molecule approach enables conversion of a broad range of carboxylic acids by filling up the vacant substrate access channel of the photodecarboxylase. These results not only demonstrate a practical application of a unique, photoactivated enzyme but also pave the way to selective production of short-chain alkanes from waste carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions.

Study of the Structure of Cobalt-Containing Catalysts Synthesized under Subcritical Conditions

Abstract: A physicochemical study of cobalt-containing (10 wt %) silica-supported Fischer–Tropsch catalysts was carried out. The catalysts were obtained under subcritical conditions (T = 200°C, P = 8 MPa) using water (Tc = 374.1°C, Pc = 22.1 MPa) and propanol-2 (Tc = 235.6°C, Pc = 5.8 MPa). The obtained samples were compared with a 10 wt % Co/SiO2 catalyst prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Comparison of the properties of catalysts in the liquid-phase Fischer–Tropsch synthesis showed that the sample prepared in subcritical water was the most active and selective to aliphatic C6–C7 hydrocarbons. This sample is characterized by a high surface area (131.7 m2/g), a uniform distribution of particles in the active phase with an average size of 5 nm and higher accessibility of cobalt species for reagents. According to XPS data, the composition of catalyst active phase is mainly represented by two compounds: Co(OH)2 and Co3O4.

Tungsten Catalyst Incorporating a Well-Defined Tetracoordinated Aluminum Surface Ligand for Selective Metathesis of Propane, [(≡Si?O?Si≡)(≡Si?O?)2Al?O?W(≡CtBu) (H)2]

A well-defined aluminium-bound hydroxyl group on the surface of mesoporous SBA-15, [(≡Si?O?Si≡) (≡Si?O)2 Al?OH], 3 was obtained by reacting di-isopropyl aluminium hydride with SBA-15 treated at 700 °C. The resulting surface [(≡Si?O?Si≡) (≡Si?O) 2 Al (isobutyl) fragment undergoes β-H elimination at 400 °C leading to [(≡Si?O?Si≡)(≡Si?O?)2Al?O) Al?H]. Further oxidation of this Al-hydride with N2O leads to 3. This acidic support was used to create a well-defined surface organo-tungsten fragment [(≡Si?O?Si≡)(≡Si?O?)2Al?O?W(≡CtBu)(CH2tBu)2] by reacting 3 with W(≡C-tBu)(CH2-tBu)3. A further reaction with hydrogen under mild conditions afforded the tungsten carbyne bis-hydride [(≡Si?O?Si≡)(≡Si?O?)2Al?O?W(H)2(≡C-tBu)]. The performance of each of the W-supported catalysts was assessed for propane metathesis in a flow reactor at 150 °C. [(≡Si?O?Si≡)(≡Si?O?)2 Al?O?W(≡CtBu)(H)2] was found to be a single-site catalyst, giving the highest turnover number (TON=800) and the highest reported selectivity for butane (45 %) vs. ethane (32 %) known for oxide-supported tungsten complex catalysts (with the supports being silica, silica-alumina, and alumina). The results demonstrate that modification of the oxide ligands on silica via the creation of Al Lewis acid center as an anchoring site for organometallic complexes opens up new catalytic properties, markedly enhancing the catalytic performance of supported organo-tungsten species.

Competitive adsorptions between thiophenic compounds over a CoMoS/Al2O3 catalyst under deep HDS of FCC gasoline

The transformation of various model sulfur compounds (2-methylthiophene: 2MT, 3-methylthiophene: 3MT and benzothiophene: BT) representative of sulfur compounds in FCC gasoline was investigated over a CoMoS/Al2O3 catalyst. More specifically, a quantitative reactivity scale was established with BT being more reactive than 3MT and 2MT. In mixture, their reactivity was reduced due to the presence of the other sulfur compound, the scale of reactivity being preserved. BT strongly inhibits the transformation of 2MT. With a single kinetic model based on a Langmuir Hinshelwood formalism, kinetic and adsorption parameters were calculated and the results explained by mutual competitive adsorption between 2MT and BT with a higher adsorption constant for BT compared to that of 2MT.

Deacylative transformations of ketones via aromatization-promoted C–C bond activation

Carbon–hydrogen (C–H) and carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds are the main constituents of organic matter. Recent advances in C–H functionalization technology have vastly expanded our toolbox for organic synthesis1. By contrast, C–C activation methods that enable editing of the molecular skeleton remain limited2–7. Several methods have been proposed for catalytic C–C activation, particularly with ketone substrates, that are typically promoted by using either ring-strain release as a thermodynamic driving force4,6 or directing groups5,7 to control the reaction outcome. Although effective, these strategies require substrates that contain highly strained ketones or a preinstalled directing group, or are limited to more specialist substrate classes5. Here we report a general C–C activation mode driven by aromatization of a pre-aromatic intermediate formed in situ. This reaction is suitable for various ketone substrates, is catalysed by an iridium/phosphine combination and is promoted by a hydrazine reagent and 1,3-dienes. Specifically, the acyl group is removed from the ketone and transformed to a pyrazole, and the resulting alkyl fragment undergoes various transformations. These include the deacetylation of methyl ketones, carbenoid-free formal homologation of aliphatic linear ketones and deconstructive pyrazole synthesis from cyclic ketones. Given that ketones are prevalent in feedstock chemicals, natural products and pharmaceuticals, these transformations could offer strategic bond disconnections in the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules.

High-Quality Gasoline Directly from Syngas by Dual Metal Oxide–Zeolite (OX-ZEO) Catalysis

Despite significant efforts towards the direct conversion of syngas into liquid fuels, the selectivity remains a challenge, particularly with regard to high-quality gasoline with a high octane number and a low content of aromatic compounds. Herein, we show that zeolites with 1D ten-membered-ring (10-MR) channel structures such as SAPO-11 and ZSM-22 in combination with zinc- and manganese-based metal oxides (ZnaMnbOx) enable the selective synthesis of gasoline-range hydrocarbons C5–C11 directly from syngas. The gasoline selectivity reached 76.7 % among hydrocarbons, with only 2.3 % CH4 at 20.3 % CO conversion. The ratio of isoparaffins to n-paraffins was as high as 15, and the research octane number was estimated to be 92. Furthermore, the content of aromatic compounds in the gasoline was as low as 16 %. The composition and structure of ZnaMnbOx play an important role in determining the overall activity. This process constitutes a potential technology for the one-step synthesis of environmentally friendly gasoline with a high octane number from a variety of carbon resources via syngas.