98105-44-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
1,2,4-Triazolopyrazine Derivatives with Human Renin Inhibitory Activity. 1. Synthesis and Biological Properties of Alkyl Alcohol and Statine Derivatives
Roberts, David A.,Bradbury, Robert H.,Brown, David,Faull, Alan,Griffiths, David,et al.
, p. 2326 - 2334 (2007/10/02)
A series of 1,2,4-triazolopyrazine derivatives with human renin inhibitory activity, which incorporate (1S,2S)-2-amino-1,3-dicyclohexyl-1-hydroxypropane, statine (Sta), and (3S,4S)-4-amino-5-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (ACHPA) transition-state mimetics, have been prepared.Structure-activity relationships for renin inhibitory activity in the series are consistent with the 2-pyrazin-3-yl>-3-(3-pyridyl)propionic acid moiety 10b acting as a non-peptidic replacement for the P4-P2 (Pro-Phe-His) residues of the natural substrate angiotensinogen.Compounds 12m, 12o, and 12q were potent inhibitors of partially purified human renin (IC50 values 1.7, 6.8, and 3.7 nM, respectively), and also effectively lowered blood pressure in anesthetized, sodium depleted marmosets following intravenous administration.On oral administration however, no blood pressure lowering activity could be detected, and absorption studies in bile duct cannulated rats indicate that this may be due primarily to poor oral absorption, rather than rapid biliary excretion.The reason for the observed poor oral activity is not clear, but it seems unlikely that poor aqueous solubility or metabolic instability to gut enzymes are rate-determining, and other factors such as high molecular weight may also be very important.
Renin Inhibitors. Syntheses of Subnanomolar, Competitive, Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors Containing a Novel Analogue of Statine
Boger, Joshua,Payne, Linda S.,Perlow, Debra S.,Lohr, Nancy S.,Poe, Martin,et al.
, p. 1779 - 1790 (2007/10/02)
Analogues of the renin octapeptide substrate were synthesized in which replacement of the scissile dipeptide with (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid (statine, Sta) transformed the substrate sequence into potent, transition-state analogue, competitive inhibitors of renin.Synthesis and incorporation of the cyclohexylalanyl analogue of Sta, (3s,4S)-4-amino-5-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (ACHPA), gave the most potent inhibitors of renin yet reported, including N-isovaleryl-L-histydyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histydyl-ACHPA-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl amide , with renin inhibitions of Ki=1.6 * 10-10 M (human kidney renin), IC50=1.7 * 10-10 M (human plasma renin), IC50=1.9 * 10-9 M (dog plasma renin), and IC50=2.1 * 10-8 M (rat plasma renin).This inhibitor 3, containing ACHPA, was 55-76 times more potent vs. human renin than the comparable Sta-containing inhibitor 1 and 17 times more potent vs. dog renin than 1.Inhibitor 3 lowered blood pressure in sodium-deficient dogs, with in vivo potency 19 times that shown by 1, in close agreement with the relative in vitro potencies.Structure-activity results are presented that show the minimal N-terminus for these inhibitors.An ACHPA-containing pentapeptide, N--L-phenylalanyl-L-histydyl-ACHPA-L-lecyl-L-phenylalanyl amide , retained subnanomolar inhibitory potency.Molecular modelling studies are described that suggested the design of ACHPA.
