141-78-6

Basic information

• Product Name: Ethyl acetate
• Synonyms: AKOS BBS-00004223;ALCOHOL, REAGENT, DENATURED;ALCOHOL;ALCOHOL, DENATURED;ALCOHOL C2;ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL;ACETIC ESTER;ACETIC ETHER
• CAS NO: 141-78-6
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₈O₂
• Molecular Weight: 88.11
• EINECS: 205-500-4
• Product Categories: Intermediates;Organics;Alcohol;Analytical Chemistry;Solvents for HPLC & Spectrophotometry;Solvents for Spectrophotometry;Aluminum Bottles;ReagentPlus(R)Semi-Bulk Solvents;Ethyl AcetateSolvent Bottles;Spectrophotometric Grade Solvents;Spectrophotometric GradeSolvents;Protein Sequencing;Protein Structural Analysis;Reagents for Protein Sequencing;Chemical Class;EQ - EZAnalytical Standards;EstersAnalytical Standards;Ethyl AcetateSolvents;Biotech SolventsSolvents;CHROMASOLV Solvents (HPLC, LC-MS);CHROMASOLV(R) HPLC Grade SolventsSolvents;Solvents;CHROMASOLV for HPLCSemi-Bulk Solvents;CHROMASOLV(R) for HPLCSolvents;Composite Drums;Drums Product Line;NOWPak(R) Products;ACS Grade SolventsSolvents;ACS GradeSolvents;Analytical Reagents for General Use;E-L, Puriss p.a. ACS;Puriss p.a. ACS;ACS GradeDrums Product Line;Closed Head Drums;Ethyl AcetateSaturated fatty acids and derivatives;Ethyl EsterMore...Close...;ACS GradeSemi-Bulk Solvents;Carbon Steel Flex-Spo
• Mol File: 141-78-6.mol
• Article Data: 1071

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: −84 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 76.5-77.5 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 26 °F
• Appearance: APHA: ≤10/Liquid
• Density: 0.902 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Density: 3 (20 °C, vs air)
• Vapor Pressure: 73 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.3720(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility: Miscible with ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether and benzene.
• PKA: 16-18(at 25℃)
• Relative Polarity: 0.228
• Explosive Limit: 2.2-11.5%, 38°F
• Water Solubility: 80 g/L (20 ºC)
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with various plastics, strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures explosive. May be moi
• Merck: 14,3757
• BRN: 506104
• CAS DataBase Reference: Ethyl acetate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Ethyl acetate(141-78-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Ethyl acetate(141-78-6)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: F,Xi,Xn,T
• Statements: 11-36-66-67-20/21/22-10-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-68/20/21/22
• Safety Statements: 16-26-33-36/37-45-7-25
• RIDADR: UN 1173 3/PG 2
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: AH5425000
• F: 1
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 3
• PackingGroup: II
• Hazardous Substances Data: 141-78-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

organic ester compound

Ethyl Acetate is an organic ester compound with a molecular formula of C4H8O2 (commonly abbreviated as EtOAc or EA), appears as a colorless liquid. It is highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters), which make it a common solvent for cleaning, paint removal and coatings. Ethyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages, cereal crops, radishes, fruit juices, beer, wine, spirits etc. It has a fruity characteristic odor that is commonly recognized in glues, nail polish remover, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes. Due to its agreeable aroma and low cost, this chemical is commonly used and manufactured in large scale in the world, as over 1 million tons annually. ethyl acetate structure

Chemical Properties

Ethyl acetate (structure shown above) is the most familiar ester to many chemistry students and possibly the ester with the widest range of uses. Esters are structurally derived from carboxylic acids by replacing the acidic hydrogen by an alkyl or aryl group. Ethyl acetate itself is a colourless liquid at room temperature with a pleasant "fruity" smell, b.p. 77°C. Ethyl acetate has many uses, such as artificial fruit essences and aroma enhancers, artificial flavours for confectionery, ice cream and cakes, as a solvent in many applications (including decaffeinating tea and coffee) for varnishes and paints (nail varnish remover), and for the manufacture of printing inks and perfumes.

Purification and water removal methods

Ethyl acetate generally has a content of 95% to 98% containing a small amount of water, ethanol and acetic acid. It can be further purified as following: add 100mL of acetic anhydride into 1000mL of ethyl acetate; add 10 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat and reflux for 4h to remove impurities such as ethanol and water, and then further subject to distillation. Distillate is oscillated by 20~30g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and further subject to re-distillation. The product has a boiling point of 77 °C and purity being over 99%.

Uses

▼▲ Industry Applications Role/Benefit Flavor and essence Food flavor Used largely to prepare bananas, pears, peaches, pineapple and grape scent food flavors, etc Alcoholic essence Used slightly as fragrance volatile Perfume essence Used slightly as fragrance volatile Chemical manufacture Production of acetamide, acetyl acetate, methyl heptanone, etc Organic chemical raw materials Production of organic acid Extracting agent Laboratory Dilution and extraction Supply excellent dissolving capacity Chromatographic analysis Standard material Column chromatography and extractions Main component of mobile phase Reaction solvent Be prone to hydrolysis and transesterification Chemical analysis Thermometer calibration for sugar separation ?Standard material Determination of bismuth, boron, gold, molybdenum, platinum and thallium Solvent Entomology Insect collecting and study Used as effective asphyxiant to kill the collected insect quickly without destroying it Textile industry Cleaning agent Supply excellent dissolving capacity Printing Flexographic and rotogravure printing Dissolve the resin, control the viscosity and modify the drying rate Electronics industry Viscosity reducer Reduce the viscosity of resins used in photoresist formulations Paint manufacture Solvent Dissolve and dilute the paints Health & personal care products The formulation of nail polish, nail polish removers and other manicuring products Supply excellent dissolving capacity Pharmaceutical Medicine manufacturing Extraction agent; intermediate Cosmetics Aroma enhancer In perfume to enhance aroma Others Tanning extracts Used for desulfurization of tanning, cigarette materials, oil field drilling, metal flotation, descaling, etc Production of adhesive Solvent Extract many compounds (phosphorus, cobalt, tungsten, arsenic) from aqueous solution Extracting agent

Production

Industrial production of ethyl acetate is mainly classified into three processes. The first one is a classical Fischer esterification process of ethanol with acetic acid in presence of acid catalyst. This process needs acid catalyst2 such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloride acid, ptoluene sulfonic acid etc. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield at room temperature.? CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ? CH3COOC2H5 + H2O The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water. The second one is Tishchenko Reaction of acetaldehyde using aluminium triethoxide as a catalyst. In Germany and Japan, most ethyl acetate is produced via the Tishchenko process.? 2 CH3CHO → CH3COOC2H5 This method has been proposed by two different routes; (i) dehydrogenative process, which uses copper or palladium based catalyst and (ii) the oxidative one, which employs, PdO supported catalysts. The third one, which has been recently commercialized, is addition of acetic acid to ethylene using clay and heteroploy acid7 as a catalyst.? CH2= CH2 + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5? The processes, however, have some disadvantages; both the conventional esterification and addition of acetic acid to ethylene need stock tanks and apparatus for several feed stocks. Moreover, they use acetic acid that causes apparatus corrosion. Although Teshchenko Reaction uses only one feed and it is a non-corrosive material, it is difficult to handle acetaldehyde because is not available outside of petrochemical industrial area. In such circumstances, an improved process of ethyl acetate production is strongly desired.

Extinguishing agent

dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, and 1211 fire extinguishing agent

Professional standards

TWA 1400 mg/m3; STEL 2000 mg/m3

Description

Ethyl acetate (systematically, ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3. This colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes (see list of additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan, North America, and Europe was about 400,000 tons. In 2004, an estimated 1.3M tons were produced worldwide.

Chemical Properties

Ethyl acetate has a pleasant ethereal fruity, brandy-like odor, reminiscent of pineapple, somewhat nauseating in high concentration. It has fruity sweet taste when freshly diluted in water. Ethyl acetate is probably one of the most used of all flavor chemicals by volume. Ethyl acetate is slowly decomposed by moisture and then acquires an acid status due to the acetic acid formed.

Physical properties

Clear, colorless, mobile liquid with a pleasant, sweet fruity odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 23 mg/m3 (6.4 ppmv) and 48 mg/m3 (13.3 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1991) reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 67,300 ppmv.

Occurrence

Although it has been reported present in some natural fruital aromas and in some distillates (rum, rum ether), it has not been reported yet as a constituent of essential oils; it has been identified also in the petals of Magnolia fuscata. Reported found in many foods including fresh and cooked apple, apricot, banana (169 ppm), sweet and sour cherry, citrus peel oils and juices, blueberry, cranberry, black currants, raspberry, blackberry, guava, passion fruit, melon, peaches, papaya, pineapple, cabbage, onion, leek, potato, tomato (3 to 6 ppm), clove, ginger, vinegar, breads, cheeses (0.2 to 0.8 ppm), butter (2 ppm), yogurt, milk, meats, cognac, beer (4 to 64 ppm), whiskies, cider, sherry, grape wines, rum, cocoa, coffee, tea, filberts, peanuts, popcorn, oats, honey, soybeans, coconut, olive oil (0.02 ppm) and olive.

Uses

Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent for varnishes, lacquers, and nitrocellulose; as anartificial fruit flavor; in cleaning textiles;and in the manufacture of artificial silk andleather, perfumes, and photographic filmsand plates (Merck 1996). Ethyl Acetate is generally used as a solvent in organic reactions. Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.

Uses

Ethyl acetate is used primarily as a solvent and diluent, being favored because of its low cost, low toxicity, and agreeable odor. For example, it is commonly used to clean circuit boards and in some nail varnish removers (acetone and acetonitrile are also used). Coffee beans and tea leaves are decaffeinated with this solvent.It is also used in paints as an activator or hardener.[citation needed] Ethyl acetate is present in confectionery, perfumes, and fruits. In perfumes, it evaporates quickly, leaving only the scent of the perfume on the skin.3 – 1 - Laboratory uses In the laboratory, mixtures containing ethyl acetate are commonly used in column chromatography and extractions. Ethyl acetate is rarely selected as a reaction solvent because it is prone to hydrolysis and trans esterification. 3 – 2 - Occurrence in wines Ethyl acetate is the most common ester in wine, being the product of the most common volatile organic acid — acetic acid, and the ethyl alcohol generated during the fermentation. The aroma of ethyl acetate is most vivid in younger wines and contributes towards the general perception of "fruitiness" in the wine. 3 – 3 - Entomological killing agent In the field of entomology, ethyl acetate is an effective asphyxiant for use in insect collecting and study. In a killing jar charged with ethyl acetate, the vapors will kill the collected (usually adult) insect quickly without destroying it. Because it is not hygroscopic, ethyl acetate also keeps the insect soft enough to allow proper mounting suitable for a collection.

Uses

Pharmaceutic aid (flavor); artificial fruit essences; solvent for nitrocellulose, varnishes, lacquers, and aeroplane dopes; manufacture of smokeless powder, artificial leather, photographic films and plates, artificial silk, perfumes; cleaning textiles, etc.

Production Methods

Ethyl acetate can be manufactured by the slow distillation of a mixture of ethanol and acetic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. It has also been prepared from ethylene using an aluminum alkoxide catalyst.

Production Methods

Ethyl acetate is synthesized in industry mainly via the classic Fischer esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield at room temperature: CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ? CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water. It is also prepared in industry using the Tishchenko reaction, by combining two equivalents of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide catalyst: 2 CH3CHO → CH3COOCH2CH3.

Preparation

Ethyl acetate is made by esterification of acetic acid with ethanol, from acetaldehyde, or by the direct addition of ethylene to acetic acid. BP started a 220,000 tonne/year plant in 2001 to operate the last of these processes, known as AVADA. Ethylene and acetic acid react in the presence of a heteropolyacid catalyst to give ethyl acetate at a claimed high selectivity and 99.97% purity. This is the world’s largest ethyl acetate plant and is motivated by its increasing use as a more “acceptable” solvent than hydrocarbons. In some countries, where ethanol is expensive or there is surplus acetaldehyde capacity, ethyl acetate is made by a Tishchenko reaction. Sasol in South Africa was said to be investigating such a process in the early 2000s. Ethanol is a solvent for surface coatings, cleaning preparations, and cosmetics. Industrial ethanol is aerobically fermented to white vinegar (dilute acetic acid) of the type used for pickling. Gourmet vinegars—wine vinegar, cider vinegar, and so on, made by fermentation of alcoholic beverages—are also available. Ten percent of industrial ethanol production was used for vinegar in the United States in 2001.

Reactions

Ethyl acetate can be hydrolyzed in acidic or basic conditions to regain acetic acid and ethanol. The use of an acid catalyst accelerates the hydrolysis, which is subject to the Fischer equilibrium mentioned above. In the laboratory, and usually for illustrative purposes only, ethyl esters are typically hydrolyzed in a two step process starting with a stoichiometric amount of strong base, such as sodium hydroxide. This reaction gives ethanol and sodium acetate, which is unreactive toward ethanol: CH3CO2C2H5 + Na OH → C2H5OH + CH3CO2Na The rate constant is 0.111 dm3 / mol.sec at 25 °C.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 5 ppb to 5 ppm

General Description

Ethyl acetate, a carboxylate ester, is bio-friendly organic solvent with wide range of industrial applications. Its synthesis by reactive distillation and by acceptorless dehydrogenative dimerization of ethanol has been explored. Its utility as a less toxic alternative to diethyl ether in the formalin-ether (F-E) sedimentation procedure for intestinal parasites has been investigated. Its ability as an acyl acceptor in the immobilized lipase-mediated preparation of biodiesel from crude vegetable oils has been examined. The complete degradation of ethyl acetate to CO2 using manganese octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) has been investigated.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. Ethyl acetate is slowly hydrolyzed by moisture.

Reactivity Profile

Ethyl acetate is also sensitive to heat. On prolonged storage, materials containing similar functional groups have formed explosive peroxides. Ethyl acetate may ignite or explode with lithium aluminum hydride. Ethyl acetate may also ignite with potassium tert-butoxide. Ethyl acetate is incompatible with nitrates, strong alkalis and strong acids. Ethyl acetate will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. Ethyl acetate is incompatible with oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid and chromium trioxide. Violent reactions occur with chlorosulfonic acid. . SOCl2 reacts with esters, such as Ethyl acetate, forming toxic SO2 gas and water soluble/toxic acyl chlorides, catalyzed by Fe or Zn (Spagnuolo, C.J. et al. 1992. Chemical and Engineering News 70(22):2.).

Health Hazard

The acute toxicity of ethyl acetate is low. Ethyl acetate vapor causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation at concentrations above 400 ppm. Exposure to high concentrations may lead to headache, nausea, blurred vision, central nervous system depression, dizziness, drowsiness, and fatigue. Ingestion of ethyl acetate may cause gastrointestinal irritation and, with larger amounts, central nervous system depression. Eye contact with the liquid can produce temporary irritation and lacrimation. Skin contact produces irritation. Ethyl acetate is regarded as a substance with good warning properties. No chronic systemic effects have been reported in humans, and ethyl acetate has not been shown to be a human carcinogen, reproductive, or developmental toxin

Flammability and Explosibility

Ethyl acetate is a flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Ethyl acetate vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 11.5% (by volume). Hazardous gases produced in ethyl acetate fires include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ethyl acetate fires.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Pharmaceutical Applications

In pharmaceutical preparations, ethyl acetate is primarily used as a solvent, although it has also been used as a flavoring agent. As a solvent, it is included in topical solutions and gels, and in edible printing inks used for tablets.Ethyl acetate has also been shown to increase the solubility of chlortalidone and to modify the polymorphic crystal forms obtained for piroxicam pivalate, mefenamic acid, and fluconazole,and has been used in the formulation of microspheres. Ethyl acetate has been used as a solvent in the preparation of a liposomal amphotericin B dry powder inhaler formulation.(9) Its use as a chemical enhancer for the transdermal iontophoresis of insulin has been investigated. In food applications, ethyl acetate is mainly used as a flavoring agent. It is also used in artificial fruit essence and as an extraction solvent in food processing.

Safety Profile

Potentially poisonous by ingestion. Toxicity depends upon alcohols in question, generally ethanol with methanol as a denaturant. A flammable liquid and dangerous fire hazard; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. Moderate explosion hazard. See ETHANOL, METHYL ALCOHOL, and n-PROPYL ALCOHOL.

Safety

Ethyl acetate is used in foods, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material when used as an excipient. However, ethyl acetate may be irritant to mucous membranes, and high concentrations may cause central nervous system depression. Potential symptoms of overexposure include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, narcosis, and dermatitis. Ethyl acetate has not been shown to be a human carcinogen or a reproductive or developmental toxin. The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake of ethyl acetate at up to 25 mg/kg body-weight. In the UK, it has been recommended that ethyl acetate be temporarily permitted for use as a solvent in food and that the maximum concentration consumed in food should be set at 1000 ppm. LD50 (cat, SC): 3.00 g/kg LD50 (guinea-pig, oral): 5.50 g/kg LD50 (guinea-pig, SC): 3.00 g/kg LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.709 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.10 g/kg LD50 (rabbit, oral): 4.935 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 5.62 g/kg

Synthesis

By reacting acetic acid and ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid; by distillation of sodium potassium, or lead acetate with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid; by polymerizatin of acetaldehyde in the presence of aluminum ethylate or aluminum acetate as catalysts.

Potential Exposure

This material is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose and lacquer. It is also used in making dyes,flavoring and perfumery, and in smokeless powder manufacture

Carcinogenicity

Ethyl acetate was not mutagenic in bacterial assays; it was not genotoxic in a number of in vivo assays but did cause chromosomal damage in hamster cells in vitro. Ethyl acetate has a fruity odor detectable at 10ppm. The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for ethyl acetate is 400pm (1440mg/m3).

Source

Identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001).

Environmental fate

Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.00 g/g which is 54.9% of the ThOD value of 1.82 g/g. Photolytic. Reported rate constants for the reaction of ethyl acetate and OH radicals in the atmosphere (296 K) and aqueous solution are 1.51 x 10-12 and 6.60 x 10-13 cm3/molecule?sec, respectively (Wallington et al., 1988b). Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in water forming ethanol and acetic acid (Kollig, 1993). The estimated hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C and pH 7 is 2.0 yr (Mabey and Mill, 1978).

Metabolism

Ethyl acetate is hydrolysed to ethyl alcohol, which is then partly excreted in the expired air and urine. The rest is metabolized, the acetate fraction becoming incor porated in the body pool (Fassett, 1963).

storage

Ethyl acetate should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light and at a temperature not exceeding 30°C. Ethyl acetate is slowly decomposed by moisture and becomes acidic; the material can absorb up to 3.3% w/w water.Ethyl acetate decomposes on heating to produce ethanol and acetic acid, and will emit acrid smoke and irritating fumes. It is flammable and its vapor may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and cause a ‘flashback’. The alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate has been shown to be inhibited by polyethylene glycol and by mixed micelle systems.

Shipping

UN1173 Ethyl acetate, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Purification Methods

The most common impurities in EtOAc are water, EtOH and acetic acid. These can be removed by washing with aqueous 5% Na2CO3, then with saturated aqueous CaCl2 or NaCl, and drying with K2CO3, CaSO4 or MgSO4. More efficient drying is achieved if the solvent is further dried with P2O5, CaH2 or molecular sieves before distillation. CaO has also been used. Alternatively, ethanol can be converted to ethyl acetate by refluxing with acetic anhydride (ca 1mL per 10mL of ester), the liquid is then fractionally distilled, dried with K2CO3 and redistilled. [Beilstein 2 III 127.]

Toxicity evaluation

Ethyl acetate is rapidly hydrolyzed to ethanol and acetic acid. When ethyl acetate was injected intraperitoneal at 1.6 g kg-1, hydrolysis to acetic acid and ethanol occurred rapidly. The biological half-life value of the conversion of ethyl acetate to ethanol was found to be between 5 and 10 min. At doses higher than 1.6 g kg-1 in rats the rate of hydrolysis exceeded the ethanol oxidation leading to the ethanol accumulation in the vascular system.

Incompatibilities

Ethyl acetate can react vigorously with strong oxidizers, strong alkalis, strong acids, and nitrates to cause fires or explosions. It also reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, lithium aluminum hydride, 2-chloromethylfuran, and potassium tert-butoxide.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/ mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

Regulatory Status

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral tablets and sustained-action tablets; topical and transdermal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK (tablets, topical solutions, and gels). Ethyl acetate is also accepted for use in food applications in a number of countries including the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

InChI:InChI=1/C4H8O2/c1-3-6-4(2)5/h3H2,1-2H3

Synthetic route

ethanol (64-17-5) + 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate (4232-27-3) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With [{lμ2-3-1κO-((carboxylatomethyl)amino)-4-chlorobenzoato}(N,N,N-κ3-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine)zinc(II)]n(dimethylformamide)(water) In dimethyl sulfoxide at 80℃; for 5h; Time;	85%

ethanol (64-17-5) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
niobium(V) oxide at 200℃; for 1h; Product distribution; examination of niobic acid as an efficient catalyst; var. catalysts, temps;;	100%
With sulfuric acid at 70℃; for 5h; Reagent/catalyst;	96%
With 1-butyl-2-methylbenzimidazolium tetrafluoroborate at 80℃; for 2h;	95%

ethanol (64-17-5) → acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + acetic acid (64-19-7) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; Pd on Zeolite Y at 90 - 110℃; under 760.051 - 1520.1 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 0.5% B 7.5% C 49.6%
With oxygen; Pd on Zeolite Y In water at 70 - 150℃; under 22801.5 Torr; Conversion of starting material;	A 0.1% B 3.6% C 22.5%
With oxygen; Pt on Zeolite ZSM-5 at 110℃; under 1520.1 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;	A 7.4% B 3.9% C 10.2%

ethanol (64-17-5) → acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With copper supported on ZnAl2O4 at 399.84℃; Temperature; Flow reactor;	A 90% B n/a
With oxygen; Sb2O4-MoO3 (Sb4Mo10O31) at 200 - 350℃; in a flow system;	A n/a B 30%
With oxygen; Sb2O4-MoO3 (Sb4Mo10O31) at 200 - 350℃; Product distribution; selectivity and activity of the Sb-Mo-O catalyst in the oxidation of ethanol;	A n/a B 30%

diethyl sulfate (64-67-5) + ethylene glycol (107-21-1) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium hydroxide at 35℃; under 50 Torr; Temperature; Pressure; Reagent/catalyst;	62%

acetaldehyde (75-07-0) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With [{(PhN)MeC(Nt-Bu)}AlMe(μ-OMe)]2 at 20℃; for 16h; Tishchenko-Claisen Dismutation; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Green chemistry;	95%
With Rh(PhBP3)(H)2(NCMe); hydrogen In toluene at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 0.166667h; Tishchenko reaction;	68%
With magnesium oxide; copper at 400℃;

ethene (74-85-1) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → diethyl ether (60-29-7) + ethanol (64-17-5) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: acetic acid With water at 92.4℃; Stage #2: ethene; cesium nitrate; tungstophosphoric acid; water; mixture of, dried, tabletted at 92.4 - 194.4℃; under 6750.68 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Gas phase;	A 3.2% B 3.6% C 92.7%
With water; cesium nitrate; tungstophosphoric acid; water; mixture of, dried, tabletted at 92.4 - 165℃; under 6750.68 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Gas phase;	A 3% B 3.4% C 91.5%
With water; lithium nitrate; silica; tungstophosphoric acid; water; mixture of, heated at 150 C at 102.2 - 165℃; under 6750.68 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Gas phase;	A 2.2% B 5% C 90.1%
With water; lithium nitrate; silica; tungstosilicic acid; water; mixture of, heated at 150 C at 102.2 - 165℃; under 6750.68 Torr; Conversion of starting material; Gas phase;	A 4.7% B 7.6% C 87.7%

4-(3-(3,4-dimethylcyclopenta-1,3-dienone)-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzyl)-2-(3,4-dimethylcyclopenta-1,3-dienone)-N-cyclohexylbenzeneamine (943406-22-2) → 4-(3-(2,3,5-trimethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene)-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzyl)-2-(2,3,5,-trimethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene)-N-cyclohexylbenzeneamine + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With methyllithium; CeCl3 In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether	A 46% B n/a

ethanol (64-17-5) + acetic anhydride (108-24-7) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With silver trifluoromethanesulfonate at 60℃; for 0.0666667h; neat (no solvent);	97%
With tetrakis(triphenylphosphineoxide)dioxouranium(VI) perchlorate In dichloromethane-d2 at 22℃; for 2h; Mechanism; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent;	97%
With vanadyl sulfate trihydrate at 20℃; for 8h;	93%

ethanol (64-17-5) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With water; potassium iodide at 20℃; for 3h; Electrochemical reaction; Green chemistry;	95.2%
With HCl(CO)Ru(Phen-(tBu)PNN); potassium tert-butylate In neat (no solvent) for 14h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	59%
With iodine; hexachloroplatinate(II) In water	47%

acetic acid (64-19-7) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 0.08%-SO3H functionalized-benzylated Al-SBA-15 nanoporous catalyst at 79.84℃; for 2h;	90%
With Ru4H4(CO)8(PBu3)4; hydrogen under 98800 Torr; for 48h; Heating;	40.7%

ethene (74-85-1) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → Heavy Ends + Light Ends & Permanent Gases + diethyl ether (60-29-7) + ethanol (64-17-5) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With water; silicotungstic acid / SiO2 at 175℃; under 9000.9 Torr; Gas phase; Industry scale;
With water; silicotungstic acid / SiO2 at 175℃; under 9000.9 Torr; Gas phase; Industry scale;

ethanol (64-17-5) → methane (34557-54-5) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + acetic acid (64-19-7) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen at 140℃; for 15h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D 71% E n/a

acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) → acetic acid butyl ester (123-86-4) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 1-hydroxytetraphenylcyclopentadienyl(tetraphenyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-one)-μ-hydrotetracarbonyldiruthenium(II) In toluene at 80℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 1h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;

2-methyl-propan-1-ol (78-83-1) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) → N-isobutylacetamide (1540-94-9) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With 1-hydroxytetraphenylcyclopentadienyl(tetraphenyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-one)-μ-hydrotetracarbonyldiruthenium(II) In toluene at 80℃; under 11103.3 Torr; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;

ethene (74-85-1) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With water at 179.84℃; under 7500.75 Torr; Inert atmosphere; Gas phase;	67%
With sulfuric acid
With pumice stone; water at 450℃; under 14710.2 Torr;

acetic acid (64-19-7) → ethanol (64-17-5) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen at 270℃; under 19502 Torr; for 1h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst;	A 90% B 9%
With hydrogen Reagent/catalyst;	A 75% B n/a
With hydrogen Reagent/catalyst;	A 71% B n/a

2-{4-(4-(6-chloronicotinoyl)benzyl]-3,5-dichlorophenyl}-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione → 2-{4-[4-((6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)hydroxymethyl)benzyl]-3,5-dichlorophenyl}-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium borohydrid In methanol; water	A 66.4% B n/a

acetic acid (64-19-7) → carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + acetone (67-64-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen at 240 - 280℃; under 15751.6 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Flow reactor;

ethanol (64-17-5) → acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + crotonaldehyde (123-73-9)

Conditions	Yield
With 5Cu/ZrO2 at 224.84℃; under 760.051 Torr; Reagent/catalyst;

butanoic acid ethyl ester (105-54-4) → ethanol (64-17-5) + butyl butyrate (109-21-7) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3)

Conditions	Yield
With C21H35BrMnN2O2P; hydrogen; potassium hydride In toluene at 100℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 22h;	A 35 %Spectr. B 12 %Spectr. C 11 %Spectr. D 32 %Spectr.

acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) → methanol (67-56-1) + ethanol (64-17-5) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With (K(1+))2<(Ph3P)3(Ph2P)Ru2H4>(2-)*2C6H14O3; hydrogen In toluene under 4650.4 Torr; 1) 23 deg C, 0.5 h; 2) 90 deg C, 20 h;
With hydrogen; <(Ph3P)(Ph2P)RuH2-K+*diglyme>2 In toluene at 90℃; under 4650.4 Torr; for 20h; Title compound not separated from byproducts;
With (K(1+))2<(Ph3P)3(Ph2P)Ru2H4>(2-)*2C6H14O3; hydrogen In toluene under 4650.4 Torr; Product distribution; further carboxylic acid esters; other reagents; 1) 23 deg C, 0.5 h; 2) 90 deg C, 20 h;;

carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → methanol (67-56-1) + ethanol (64-17-5) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst (MK-121) at 260℃; under 34375.6 Torr;

acetic acid (64-19-7) → diethyl ether (60-29-7) + ethanol (64-17-5) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen at 240 - 280℃; under 15751.6 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Flow reactor;

acetic acid (64-19-7) + formic acid ethyl ester (109-94-4) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With styrene macroporous cation exchange resin In toluene at 50℃; for 3h;
With styrene-based macroporous cation exchange resin In toluene at 50℃; for 3h; Green chemistry;

vinyl acetate (108-05-4) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → 2-acetoxypropanal (22094-23-1) + 3-acetoxypropanal (18545-28-3) + acetic acid (64-19-7) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; dicobalt octacarbonyl In toluene at 120℃; under 72402.6 - 77574.3 Torr; for 1.83333 - 2h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; dicobalt octacarbonyl In dichloromethane at 120℃; under 77574.3 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; dicobalt octacarbonyl In pyridine at 120℃; under 31029.7 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; dicobalt octacarbonyl In dichlorobenzene, 1,2- at 120℃; under 77574.3 Torr; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;
Stage #1: carbon monoxide With hydrogen; cobalt(II) acetate In toluene at 200℃; under 51716.2 - 103432 Torr; for 0.75h; Stage #2: vinyl acetate In toluene at 120℃; under 93089.1 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;

vinyl acetate (108-05-4) → ethanol (64-17-5) + acetic acid butyl ester (123-86-4) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + acetone (67-64-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; p-benzoquinone; Grace Raney 4310 w/ Mo In Isopropyl acetate at 50 - 89℃; under 6190.25 - 11310.2 Torr; for 0.1 - 1.68333h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; p-benzoquinone; Grace Raney 4310 w/ Mo at 44.1 - 51℃; under 5983.38 - 10999.9 Torr; for 0.433333 - 1.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; p-benzoquinone; 5%-palladium/activated carbon In Isopropyl acetate at 36 - 50℃; under 2311.54 - 6138.53 Torr; for 0.0666667h; Product distribution / selectivity;
With hydrogen; p-benzoquinone; 5%-palladium/activated carbon at 54.25 - 59℃; under 6086.82 - 8827.77 Torr; for 0.266667h; Product distribution / selectivity;

Triisopropyl borate (5419-55-6) → ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane	41%

methanol (67-56-1) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 1,1-dimethoxyethane (534-15-6) + ethanol (64-17-5) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (l); hydrogen In toluene at 170℃; under 16276.6 - 25375 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave;
With (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (l); rhodium(III) chloride hydrate; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; hydrogen In toluene at 170℃; under 31015.6 - 47307.2 Torr; for 4h; Concentration; Autoclave;

methanol (67-56-1) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 1,1-dimethoxyethane (534-15-6) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium (l); 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; hydrogen In toluene at 170℃; under 16276.6 - 25375 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave;

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + phenylacetylene (536-74-3) → 4-phenyl-3-butyne-2-one (1817-57-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: phenylacetylene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: ethyl acetate With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃;	100%
Stage #1: phenylacetylene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at 0℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: ethyl acetate With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With water; ammonium chloride In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - 20℃;	96%
Stage #1: phenylacetylene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Schlenk technique; Stage #2: ethyl acetate With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; for 1h;	89%

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + acetone (67-64-1) → ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate (18267-36-2)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #2: acetone In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h;	100%
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: acetone In tetrahydrofuran for 0.5h;	100%
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: acetone In tetrahydrofuran for 0.166667h;	88%

methanol (67-56-1) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9)

Conditions	Yield
With dilithium tetra(tert-butyl)zincate at 0℃; for 1h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;	100%
K2CO3 + 5percent Carbowax 6000 at 170℃; Product distribution; various catalysts, various amounts of catalysts;	54 % Chromat.
With trans-5,15-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)octaethylporphyrine; silver perchlorate In benzene at 50℃; without AgClO4, other catalysts;

pentan-1-ol (71-41-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → 1-pentyl acetate (628-63-7)

Conditions	Yield
zirconium(IV) oxide at 200℃; in vapor-phase;	100%
With K5 for 2h; Heating;	90%
18-crown-6 ether; potassium carbonate at 170℃; Product distribution; various catalysts;	61 % Chromat.
18-crown-6 ether; potassium carbonate at 170℃;	61 % Chromat.
With Mycobacterium smegmatis acyl transferase In aq. phosphate buffer at 21℃; for 1h; pH=7.5; Inert atmosphere; Enzymatic reaction;

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + (11E,13E)-(4R,5S,6S,7R,9R,16R)-4,6-Dihydroxy-7-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-oxacyclohexadeca-11,13-diene-2,10-dione (77405-59-5) → Acetic acid (7E,9E)-(3aR,5R,12R,16R,17S,17aS)-17-methoxy-5,12-dimethyl-2,6,14-trioxo-2,3,3a,5,6,11,12,14,15,16,17,17a-dodecahydro-4H-1,13-dioxa-cyclopentacyclohexadecen-16-yl ester (63838-05-1)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; platinum at 25℃;	100%

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → acetic acid ethyl ester; compound with boron chloride

Conditions	Yield
With boron trichloride at -78 - 0℃;	100%

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + methyl 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate → 3-acetyl-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl acetate; methyl 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate With sodium methylate for 7h; Heating; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In ethyl acetate for 3h; Heating;	100%

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) → Isopropyl acetate (108-21-4)

Conditions	Yield
With dilithium tetra(tert-butyl)zincate at 0℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;	100%
With 1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene at 25℃; for 0.5h;	68%
phosphotungstic acid at 65 - 70℃; for 2h;	24%

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + 2‐[3‐chloro‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]acetonitrile (157764-10-8) → 2-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-oxo-butyronitrile (744209-92-5)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran	100%

3-iodobenzoic acid methyl ester (58313-23-8) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → 3-(3-iodophenyl)-3-oxopropionic acid ethyl ester (68332-33-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 2.25h;	100%

[3R,4S]-1-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)-3-ethenyl-4-piperidine Acetic Acid (233745-94-3) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → Methyl [3R,4S]-3-ethenyl-4-piperidine Acetate Hydrochloride

Conditions	Yield
With thionyl chloride In methanol	100%

trans-dichloro(ethylene)(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)platinum (52341-13-6, 12264-20-9) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → trans-dichloro(ethyl acetate)(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)platinum(II) (91068-20-1)

Conditions	Yield
In ethyl acetate byproducts: ethylene; Irradiation (UV/VIS);	100%
In ethyl acetate Irradiation (UV/VIS); the Pt-complex dissolved in ethyl acetate was introduced into a muffshaped Schlenk tube surrounding a 125-W medium-pressure mercury lamp, Philips HPK 125, irradn. for 15 min at room temp., λ<310 nm was eliminated by Pyrex filter; the solvent was removed under reduced pressure at -30°C, the solid was recrystd. at -30°C in pentane-CH2Cl2;	85%

potassium 3-(bis[(N'-tert-butylureaylato)-N-ethyl]aminatomethyl)-5-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazolato(hydroxo)cobaltate(II) N,N-dimethylacetamide adduct (1/2) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → potassium acetate (127-08-2)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether; N,N-dimethyl acetamide; ethyl acetate (Ar); vapor diffusion of Et2O into a (CH3)2NCOCH3/EtOAc soln. of Co complex;	100%
In N,N-dimethyl acetamide; ethyl acetate (Ar); stirred for 2 h at room temp.;

1,1-dimethylethyl 4-({[4-(cyanomethyl)-2-(methyloxy)phenyl]oxy}methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (838855-60-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → C22H30N2O5

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 15h;	100%

(Z)-4-heptenal (6728-31-0) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → ethyl (+/-)-(Z)-3-hydroxy-non-6-enoate (1202014-45-6)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: (Z)-4-heptenal In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 2h;	100%

ethyl 2-fluoroacetate (459-72-3) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → ethyl 4-fluoro-3-oxo-butanoate (372-37-2)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: ethyl 2-fluoroacetate In tetrahydrofuran at -78 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;	100%
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; cyclohexane; ethylbenzene at -78℃; for 2h; Cooling with acetone-dry ice; Stage #2: ethyl 2-fluoroacetate In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; cyclohexane; ethylbenzene at -78 - 20℃;	86%
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With sodium ethanolate at 0 - 5℃; for 1h; Stage #2: ethyl 2-fluoroacetate at 0 - 65℃; for 25h;	65.6%
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium diisopropyl amide In diethyl ether at -78℃; for 0.75h; Stage #2: ethyl 2-fluoroacetate In diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; for 16h;
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; n-heptane; ethylbenzene at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: ethyl 2-fluoroacetate In tetrahydrofuran; n-heptane; ethylbenzene at -78 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;

tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride (15529-49-4, 41756-81-4) + bis(dithiobenzil)nickel + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → [Ru(S2C2Ph2)2(PPh3)]*(ethyl acetate)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene under Ar or N2; soln. of Ru compd. (0.156 mmol) and Ni compd. (0.303 mmol) in toluene heated at reflux for 4 h; cooling; addn. of small amt. of silica; evapn. under vac.; column chromy. (silica, CH2Cl2/light petroleum (1/4 and 3/7)); recrystn. from ethyl acetate and hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, heptane); elem. anal.;	100%

3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylbiguanide hydrochloride (1049734-37-3) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → 2-amino-4-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine (1232144-64-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium methylate In tetrahydrofuran at 70℃; for 0.333333h; Microwave irradiation;	100%

p-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]benzaldehyde (120743-99-9) + ethyl acetate (141-78-6) → ethyl 3-(4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}phenyl)-3-hydroxypropionate (221079-70-5)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 1.5h; Inert atmosphere;	100%
Stage #1: ethyl acetate With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: p-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]benzaldehyde In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

ethyl acetate (141-78-6) + benzo[1,3,2]dioxaborole (274-07-7) → 2-ethoxy-o-phenylene-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (72035-40-6)

Conditions	Yield
[Mo(H)(Cl)(P(CH3)3)3(N(C6H3(CH3CHCH3)2))] In benzene-d6 react. of HBCat with 0.4 M soln. of MeC(O)OEt (2:1 molar ratio) in C6D6 at temp. of 22°C for 24 h in presence of 5 mol% of Mo complex as catalyst; detd. by NMR;	100%
With tetramethylsilane; (2,6-diisopropylphenyl-N=)Mo(H)(Cl)(PMe3)3 In benzene-d6 at 22℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;
With (2,6-diisopropylphenyl-N=)Mo(H)(Cl)(PMe3)3 In benzene-d6 at 22℃; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Inert atmosphere;	100 %Spectr.

Upstream product

• 1305-78-8 Calcium oxide 
• 463-51-4 ketene 
• 127-08-2 Potassium Acetate 
• 64-17-5 Etanol 

Downstream Products

• 26510-52-1 ETHYL PICOLINOYLACETATE 
• 4021-12-9 3-METHYL-4-PYRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID 
• 14782-75-3 ALUMINUM DI(ISOPROPOXIDE)ACETOACETIC ESTER CHELATE 
• 24295-03-2 2-Acetylthiazole 
• 83493-63-4 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanol 
• 26377-17-3 ETHYL ISONICOTINOYLACETATE 
• 104901-43-1 Methyl 3-bromo-4-methylbenzoate 
• 77671-31-9 Enoximone 
• 55750-48-6 N-METHOXYCARBONYLMALEIMIDE 
• 19875-04-8 4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-methyl- (8CI,9CI) 
• 1001-53-2 N-Acetylethylenediamine 
• 19798-81-3 2-Amino-6-bromopyridine 
• 6859-99-0 3-Hydroxypiperidine 
• 112-02-7 N-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride 
• 132740-43-3 4-FLUOROBENZYL ISOCYANATE 
• 69-52-3 Ampicillin sodium 
• 22767-50-6 Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate 
• 4530-20-5 BOC-Glycine 
• 791-31-1 Triphenylsilanol 
• 72401-53-7 D-glucose pentakis[3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(trihydroxy-3,4,5-benzoyl)oxy]benzoate] 
• 79463-77-7 Diphenyl N-cyanocarbonimidate 
• 111284-03-8 2-ISOCYANATO-4,6-DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDINE 
• 29040-34-4 2-(2-FORMYL-PHENOXY)-PROPIONIC ACID 
• 2130-96-3 Boc-O-benzyl-L-tyrosine 
• 28860-09-5 N-ETHYL 3-NITROBENZENESULFONAMIDE 
• 84650-60-2 Tea polyphenol 
• 2363-16-8 Methyl 4-bromo-3-nitrobenzoate 

Recommend Products

• 1530-87-6  1-piperidinylcarbonnitrile 
• 110-89-4  piperidine 
• 506-68-3  bromocyane 
• 825-25-2  2-cyclopentylidenecyclopentan-1-one 
• 120-92-3  cyclopentanone 
• 618-42-8  1-piperidin-1-yl-ethanone 
• 463-51-4  Ketene 
• 74-85-1  ethene 
• 110-86-1  pyridine 
• 78-40-0  triethyl phosphate 
• 75-98-9  Trimethylacetic acid 
• 854401-80-2  4,7-dibromo-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-decane-3,8-dione 
• 504-79-0  4,5-dihydro-thiazole 
• 598-26-5  dimethylketene 

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