999-81-5

Usage

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 999-81-5 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. white or light yellow crystals
2. Chlormequat chloride is a white to yellowish crystalline solid with a fish-like odor.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 999-81-5 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Chlorocholine Chloride is a plant growth regulator that is primarily used on ornamental plants.
2. Plant growth regulator on ornamental plants.

Definition

A phytocidal bipyridilium quaternary ammonium salt.

General Description

White crystals with a fishlike odor. Used as a plant growth regulator. Said to be effective for cereal grains, tomatoes, and peppers.

Air & Water Reactions

Very hygroscopic. Water soluble. Aqueous solutions are acidic.

Reactivity Profile

Chlormequat chloride is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Chlormequat chloride is corrosive to unprotected metals.

Hazard

Toxic; corrosive.

Health Hazard

Inhalation of spray and prolonged or repeated contact with skin should be avoided.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Chlormequat chloride are not available; however, Chlormequat chloride is probably combustible.

Agricultural Uses

Plant growth regulator: Said to be effective for cereal grains, tomatoes, and peppers; cotton, grapes, mango, tobacco, vegetables. In California, major uses are in greenhouse plants and flowers and in nurseries, including geraniums, azaleas, hibiscus.

Trade name

AC 38555?; ADJUST?, ATLAS CHLORMEQUAT?; CCC PLANT GROWTH REGULANT?; 60-CS-16?; CYCLOCEL?; CYCOCEL?; CYCOCEL-EXTRA?; CYCOGAN?; CYCOGAN EXTRA?; CYOCEL?; EI 38,555?; HICO CCC?; HORMOCEL-2CCC?; INCRECEL?; LIHOCIN?; RETACEL?; RETACIL?; STABILAN?; TUR?; WR 62?

Biochem/physiol Actions

Chlormequat (Chlorocholine) chloride is a synthetic plant growth regulator that inhibits gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. It is used to study the mechanisms and effects of gibberellins on plant cell growth and differentiation.

Safety Profile

Human poison by ingestion and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects: respiratory depression. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Mutation data reported.

Potential Exposure

People engaged in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this plant growth regulator said to be effective for cereal grains, tomatoes, and peppers.

Shipping

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Incompatibilities

Chlormequat chloride decomposes on heating or in fire forming nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen chloride fumes. This chemical decomposes on heating with strong aqueous alkali solutions forming trimethylamine and other gaseous products. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Attacks many metals in presence of water.

Waste Disposal

Incinerate in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing.

InChI:InChI=1/C5H13ClNO.ClH/c1-7(2,3)4-5(6)8;/h5,8H,4H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1

Upstream product

• 62-49-7 choline 
• 67-48-1 choline chloride 
• 98-09-9 benzenesulfonyl chloride 
• 107-06-2 1,2-dichloro-ethane 
• 75-50-3 trimethylamine 
• 42350-92-5 Trimethyl-(2-brom-aethyl)-ammoniumchlorid 

Downstream Products

• 653-39-4 methyl pentafluorophenyl mercaptan 
• 181864-67-5 (CH₃)3NC₂H₄P(C₆H₁₁)2(BH₃)⁽¹⁺⁾*Cl^(1-)=[(CH₃)3NC₂H₄P(C₆H₁₁)2(BH₃)]Cl 
• 1314894-95-5 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoylcholine chloride 
• 1314894-96-6 caffeoylcholine trifluoroacetate 
• 1314894-98-8 rosmarinoylcholine trifluoroacetate 
• 156022-53-6 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 
• 26386-76-5 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium benzoate 
• 1432795-72-6 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate 
• 6018-82-2 trimethylvinyl ammonium chloride 
• 1082249-37-3 (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate 
• 57117-31-4 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 
• 51207-31-9 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 
• 39001-02-0 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzofuran 
• 4858-96-2 choline sulfate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Bifunctional phenolic-choline conjugates as anti-oxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Because of the complex cascade of molecular events that can occur in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient, the therapy of this neurodegenerative disease seems more likely to be achieved by multifunctional drugs. Herein, a new series of dual-targeting ligands have been developed and in vitro bioevaluated. Their architecture is based on conjugating the acetylcholinesterase inhibition and anti-oxidant properties in one molecular entity. Specifically, a series of naturally occurring phenolic acids with recognized anti-oxidant properties (derivatives of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and trolox) have been conjugated with choline to account for the recognition by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The synthesized hybrid compounds evidenced AChE inhibitory capacity of micromolar range (rationalized by molecular modeling studies) and good antioxidant properties. Their effects on human neuroblastoma cells, previously treated with beta-amyloid peptides and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion neurotoxins (to simulate AD and Parkinson's disease, respectively), also demonstrated a considerable capacity for protection against the cytotoxicity of these stressors.

Patch preparations for treating plants

The following invention introduces a patch preparation for treating plants, whereas the patch preparations comprise a chemical layer composed of at least one agrochemically active compound, at least one adhesive and optionally, one or more additives. The components are dispersed in a matrix state on a substrate which are then introduced on the roots of the plant to be treated.

Technique for dyeing and printing of textiles with quaternary ammonium compound

A technique is described for dyeing and printing textile materials of cellulose fibers and blends thereof with polyester fibers. The technique involves exposing the textile before and/or during the dyeing or printing sequence to the action of quaternary ammonium compound and a compound capable of releasing ammonia at a temperature within the range of 180°-230° C.

5,6-Dihydro-1,2,4,6-thiatriazin-5-one-1,1-dioxides

5,6-Dihydro-1,2,4,6-thiatriazin-5-one-1,1-dioxides of the formula STR1 where R1 is hydrogen, a metal atom or an unsubstituted or substituted ammonium radical, R2 is a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain aliphatic radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical or 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a halogen-, alkoxy- or alkylmercapto-substituted aliphatic radical of 2 to 10 carbon atoms tetrahydrofuryl substituted methyl, a cycloalkoxy-substituted aliphatic radical of 4 to 10 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted benzyl or phenyl, halophenyl, or alkylphenyl of a total of up to 10 carbon atoms, R3 is hydrogen, a straight-chain aliphatic radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched aliphatic radical of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, haloalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms and X is oxygen and may also be sulfur if R2 is unsubstituted or halogen-substituted benzyl, processes for their preparation, and herbicides containing the above compounds.

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivatives, process for making the same and compositions containing the same having growth regulating activity for plants

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R2 and R3 have the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property without accompanying unpleasant odors.

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id derivatives, process for making the same and composition containing the same having a growth regulating activity for plants

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id-derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R1 has the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur and B is a univalent metal atom. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property.