Silicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and in natural water sources, it is commonly found in the form of dissolved silicic acid.Under certain pH and temperature conditions in industrial feed water, the acid can become oversaturated and insoluble, precipitating a substance called silica scale that encrusts equipment. This unwanted coating fouls the surfaces of various engineering systems, such as reverse osmosis desalination water-treatment membranes, heat exchanger components, and plant pipelines.
A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating units, called monomers, that are linked together by chemical bonds to form a structural chain or backbone. As monomers containing functional groups engage in a polymerization reaction, they merge into a larger polymer, imparting distinct functionalities to the resulting structural chain.
From:Phys.org
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