Molecule structure of Phosphine (CAS NO.7803-51-2):

IUPAC Name: Phosphane 
Molecular Weight: 33.997581 g/mol
Molecular Formula: H₃P 
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 14.6 kJ/mol 
Vapour Pressure: 27300 mmHg at 25 °C 
Boiling Point: −87.5 °C(lit.)
Stability: Stable, but pyrophoric - spontaneously flammable in air. Note the very wide explosion limits. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, halogens, nitric acid.
XLogP3-AA: -0.1
Exact Mass: 33.997237
MonoIsotopic Mass: 33.997237
Canonical SMILES: P
InChI: InChI=1S/H3P/h1H3
InChIKey: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EINECS: 232-260-8
Product Categories: Inorganics;Compressed and Liquefied GasesPesticides;FumigantsMicro/Nanoelectronics;GasesCatalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;GasesVapor Deposition Precursors;Chemical Synthesis;Electronic Chemicals;Insecticides;Phosphorus Compounds;Phosphorus Precursors;Precursors by Metal;Synthetic Reagents

 Phosphine was once regarded as a gaseous form of the element  because of its strong association with elemental phosphorus,but Lavoisier (1789) recognised it as a combination of phosphorus with hydrogen by describing it as "hydruyet of phosphorus, or phosphuret of hydrogen"
Later Ernst von Meyer (1891) described the early history of phosphine research thus: "The discovery of phosphuretted hydrogen (PH₃) by Gengembre in 1783, and the examination of it by Pelletier (who was the first to prepare it pure), only became fruitful after Humphry Davy's investigations; and the last-named elucidated the composition of this gas, and pointed out its analogy to ammonia, this being emphasised still more sharply by H. Rose later on."
Then Thénard (1845) used a cold trap to separate diphosphine from phosphine which had been generated from calcium phosphide, so that demonstrating that P₂H₄ is responsible for spontaneous flammability associated with PH₃, and also for the characteristic orange/brown colour that can form on surfaces, which is a polymerisation product. He considered diphosphine's formula to be PH₂, and thus an intermediate between elemental phosphorus, the higher polymers, and phosphine.

 Phosphine is commonly used for semiconductor manufacturing.

Industrially Phosphine can be made by the reaction of white phosphorus with sodium hydroxide, producing sodium hypophosphite and sodium phosphite as a by-product.

EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Hazard Codes: F+, T+, N
Risk Statements: 12-17-26-34-50 
R12:Extremely flammable. 
R17:Spontaneously flammable in air. 
R26:Very toxic by inhalation. 
R34:Causes burns. 
R50:Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Safety Statements: 28-36/37-45-61-63 
S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. 
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) 
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
RIDADR: UN 2199 2.3
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: SY7525000
HazardClass: 2.3 

OSHA PEL: TWA 0.3 ppm; STEL 1 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.3 ppm; STEL 1 ppm
DFG MAK: 0.1 ppm (0.14 mg/m³)
DOT Classification:  2.3; Label: Poison Gas, Flammable Gas

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-180 or NIOSH: Phosphine S332.

 Phosphine (CAS NO.7803-51-2) is also named as CCRIS 8578 ; ECO2FUME ; Fosforowodor ; Fosforowodor [Polish] ; Gas-Ex-B ; HSDB 1233 ; Hydrogen phosphide ; Phosphine (fumigant) ; Phosphoretted hydrogen ; Phosphorus hydride ; Phosphorus trihydride ; Phosphorwasserstoff ; Phosphorwasserstoff [German] ; RCRA waste number P096 ; UN 2199 . Phosphine (CAS NO.7803-51-2) is colourless gas. It is highly flammable. It usually ignites spontaneously in air. It is insoluble in water. Phosphine is a reducing agent. Liquefied Phosphine can be detonated. Forms explosive mixtures with even small amounts of oxygen. Ignites or reacts violently with boron trichloride, dichlorine oxide, halogens (bromine, chlorine, iodine), metal nitrates, nitrogen oxides, nitric acid, nitrous acid, nitrogen trichloride. Phosphine is a super- toxic gas. An air concentration of 3 ppm is safe for long term exposure, 500 ppm is lethal in 30 minutes, and a concentration of 1,000 ppm is lethal after a few breaths. Phosphine can explode with powerful oxidizers. The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground to an ignition source. Container may explode in heat of fire. Phosphine emits highly toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides when heated to decomposition. It may become unstable at high temperatures.