- Palladium-catalyzed aromatic C-H bond nitration using removable directing groups: Regiospecific synthesis of substituted o -nitrophenols from related phenols
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A general and regiospecific transformation of substituted phenols into the related o-nitrophenols has been achieved via a three-step process involving the palladium-catalyzed chelation-assisted ortho-C-H bond nitration as the key step. In the process, 2-pyridinyloxy groups act as removable directing groups for the palladium-catalyzed ortho-nitration of substituted 2-phenoxypridines, and they can be readily removed in the subsequent conversion of the resulting 2-(2-nitrophenoxy)pyridines into 2-nitrophenols.
- Zhang, Wei,Zhang, Jian,Ren, Shaobo,Liu, Yunkui
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Read Online
- Preparation method of 2-amino-3-methoxy-5-bromobenzonitrile
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The invention discloses a preparation method of 2-amino-3-methoxy-5-bromobenzonitrile. The method comprises the following steps: (1) reacting a compound (II) with sodium methoxide to generate a compound (III); (2) carrying out reduction treatment on the compound (III) to obtain a compound (IV); (3) reacting the compound (IV) with trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride to generate a compound (V); (4) reacting the compound (V) with concentrated sulfuric acid to generate a compound (VI); (5) preparing a compound (VII) from the compound (VI) under the conditions of hydrogenperoxide and sodium hydroxide; (6) reacting the compound (VII) with acyl chloride to generate a compound (VIII); (7) reacting the compound (VIII) with ammonia water to generate a compound (IX); and (8) reacting the compound (IX) in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide to generate 2-amino-3-methoxy-5-bromobenzonitrile. The preparation method provided by the invention is higher in yield.
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Paragraph 0032; 0034-0035; 0052; 0054-0055; 0070; 0072-0073
(2021/02/10)
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- Novel PPARδ antagonist and Pharmaceutical composition for enhancing anti-cancer effect comprising the same
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The present invention relates to a novel PPARΔ antagonist compound, and uses thereof for inhibiting liver cancer resistance to sorafenib and enhancing anticancer effects, wherein the compound of the present invention can be usefully used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating sorafenib-resistant progressive liver cancer.
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Paragraph 0073-0074
(2021/06/09)
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- Ipso Nitration of Aryl Boronic Acids Using Fuming Nitric Acid
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The ipso nitration of aryl boronic acid derivatives has been developed using fuming nitric acid as the nitrating agent. This facile procedure provides efficient and chemoselective access to a variety of aromatic nitro compounds. While several activating agents and nitro sources have been reported in the literature for this synthetically useful transformation, this report demonstrates that these processes likely generate a common active reagent, anhydrous HNO3. Kinetic and mechanistic studies have revealed that the reaction order in HNO3 is >2 and indicate that the ?NO2 radical is the active species.
- Baucom, Kyle D.,Brown, Derek B.,Caille, Seb,Murray, James I.,Quasdorf, Kyle,Silva Elipe, Maria V.
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supporting information
(2021/06/30)
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- Nitration of deactivated aromatic compounds via mechanochemical reaction
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A variety of deactivated arenes were nitrated to their corresponding nitro derivatives in excellent yields under high-speed ball milling condition using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O/P2O5 as nitrating reagent. A radical involved mechanism was proposed for this facial, eco-friendly, safe, and effective nitration reaction.
- Wu, Jian-Wei,Zhang, Pu,Guo, Zhi-Xin
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supporting information
(2021/05/05)
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- O-Anisidine Dimer, 2-Methoxy- N4-(2-methoxyphenyl) Benzene-1,4-diamine, in Rat Urine Associated with Urinary bladder Carcinogenesis
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Monocyclic aromatic amines, o-toluidine (o-Tol) and its structural analog o-anisidine (o-Ans), are IARC Group 1 and Group 2A urinary bladder carcinogens, respectively, and are involved in metabolic activation and DNA damage. Our recent study revealed that 2-methyl-N4-(2-methylphenyl) benzene-1,4-diamine (MMBD), a p-semidine-type homodimer of o-Tol, was detected and identified in an in vitro reaction of o-Tol with S9 mix and in vivo urinary samples of o-Tol-exposed rats. Potent mutagenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic activities were reported with MMBD, suggesting its involvement in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. However, it remains unknown whether o-Ans is converted to active metabolites to induce DNA damage in a similar manner as o-Tol. In this study, we report that a novel o-Ans metabolite, 2-methoxy-N4-(2-methoxyphenyl) benzene-1,4-diamine (MxMxBD), a dimer by head-to-tail binding (p-semidine form), was for the first time identified in o-Ans-exposed rat urine. MxMxBD induced a stronger mutagenicity in N-acetyltransferase overexpressed Salmonella typhimurium strains and potent genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human bladder carcinoma T24 cells compared with o-Ans. These results suggest that MxMxBD may to some extent contribute toward urinary bladder carcinogenesis. In addition to homodimerization, such as MxMxBD, heterodimerizations were observed when o-Ans was coincubated with o-Tol or aniline (Ani) in in vitro reactions with S9 mix. This study highlights the important consideration of homodimerizations and heterodimerizations of monocyclic aromatic amines, including o-Ans, o-Tol, and Ani, in the evaluation of the combined exposure risk of bladder carcinogenesis.
- Kobayashi, Takuma,Toyoda, Takeshi,Tajima, Yuya,Kishimoto, Shinji,Tsunematsu, Yuta,Sato, Michio,Matsushita, Kohei,Yamada, Takanori,Shimamura, Yuko,Masuda, Shuichi,Ochiai, Masako,Ogawa, Kumiko,Watanabe, Kenji,Takamura-Enya, Takeji,Totsuka, Yukari,Wakabayashi, Keiji,Miyoshi, Noriyuki
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p. 912 - 919
(2021/03/01)
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- Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a compound as shown in a formula (I) which is described in the specification, and a pharmaceutical composition and a preparation method thereof. The compound can be used as anALK inhibitor for treatment of diseases mediated by ALK. The invention further relates to application of the compound as shown in the formula (I) and the pharmaceutical composition thereof to preparation of drugs used for treating diseases mediated by ALK.
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Paragraph 0164; 0165; 0166
(2018/07/30)
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- Transetherification of 2,4-dimethoxynitrobenzene by aromatic nucleophilic substitution
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In view of the few reports concerning aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions featuring an alkoxy group as a leaving group, the aromatic nucleophilic substitution of 2,4-dimethoxy-nitrobenzene was investigated with a bulky t-butoxide nucleophile under microwave irradiation. The transetherification of 2,4-dimethoxynitrobenezene with sodium t-butoxide under specific conditions, namely for 20 min at 110C in 10% dimethoxyethane in toluene, afforded the desired product in 87% yield with exclusive ortho-selectivity. A variety of reaction conditions were screened to obtain the maximum yield. The aromatic nucleophilic substitution of 2,4-dimethoxynitrobenzene with t-butoxide should be carried out under controlled conditions in order to avoid the formation of byproducts, unlike that of dihalogenated activated ben-zenes. Among the formed byproducts, a major compound was elucidated as 2,4-dimethoxy-N-(5-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)aniline by X-ray crystallography.
- Song, Jiho,Kang, Hae Ju,Lee, Jung Wuk,Wenas, Michelle A.,Jeong, Seung Hwarn,Lee, Taeho,Oh, Kyungsoo,Min, Kyung Hoon
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- 2,4-DISUBSTITUTED PHENYLENE-1,5-DIAMINE DERIVATIVES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE COMPOSITIONS PREPARED THEREFROM
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The present invention provides a class of 2,4-substituted phenylene-1,5-diamine derivatives, having an inhibiting effect on EGFR tyrosine kinases, and pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or prodrug of said derivatives. See the description for the definition of each group in the formula. In addition, the present invention also discloses pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions and applications thereof.
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Paragraph 0207; 0208
(2017/01/31)
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- Aryl alkynyl hydrocarbon compound and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to an aryl alkynyl hydrocarbon compound and a medicine compound containing the compound. The compound or the medicine compound can serve as an inhibitor of Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORyt). The invention further relates to a method for preparing the compound and the medicine compound and application thereof to mammal treatment or prevention, especially RORyt mediated inflammation of humans or autoimmune diseases.
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Paragraph 0309; 0310; 0311
(2017/02/17)
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- 5 OXO-5,8-DIHYDROPYRIDO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS CAMKII KINASE INHIBITORS FOR TREATING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
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The present invention relates to 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, to their preparation and to their therapeutic use.
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Page/Page column 17
(2012/11/08)
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- Discovery of potent and selective urea-based ROCK inhibitors and their effects on intraocular pressure in rats
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A series of urea-based Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors were designed and evaluated. The discovered compounds had excellent enzyme and cellular potency, high kinase selectivity, high aqueous solubility, good porcine corneal penetration, and appropriate DMPK profiles for topical applications as antiglaucoma therapeutics.
- Yin, Yan,Cameron, Michael D.,Lin, Li,Khan, Susan,Schroeter, Thomas,Grant, Wayne,Pocas, Jennifer,Chen, Yen Ting,Schuerer, Stephan,Pachori, Alok,Lograsso, Philip,Feng, Yangbo
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scheme or table
p. 175 - 179
(2010/10/21)
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- Synthesis of atropisomeric 5,5′-linked biphenyl bisaminophosphine ligands and their applications in asymmetric catalysis
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Atropisomeric 5,5′-linked biphenyl bisaminophosphine ligands 2 has been synthesized. The axial chirality of this type of ligands can be retained by macro-ring strain produced from 5,5′-linkage of biphenyl even without 6,6′-substituents on biphenyls. The Rh complex of bisaminophosphine 2a as a catalyst is effectively working in the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl (Z)-2-acetamido-3-arylacrylates, however, for hydrogenation of arylenamide, the low enantioselectivity was observed. When the ligands applied to Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation, it is found that ligand 2b having a longer backbone linkage is a better ligand for enantioselection in the reaction.
- Zhang, Yong Jian,Wei, Hao,Zhang, Wanbin
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experimental part
p. 1281 - 1286
(2009/04/18)
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- Imidazopyridine Kinase Inhibitors
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The present invention provides imidazopyridine compounds, compositions containing the same, as well as processes for the preparation and methods for their use as pharmaceutical agents.
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Page/Page column 137-138
(2009/01/20)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR TREATING DISORDERS THAT RESPOND TO MODULATION OF THE DOPAMINE D3 RECEPTOR
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The invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; G is CH2 or CHR3; R1 is H, C,-C6-alkyl, C,-C6-alkyl substituted by C3-C6-cycloalkyl, Cl-C6-hydroxyalkyl, fluorinated C,-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6- alkenyl, fluorinated C3-C6-alkenyl, formyl, acetyl or propionyl; R2, R3 and R4 are, independently of each other, H, methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl; A is phenylene, pyridylene, pyrimidylene, pyrazinylene, pyridazinylene or thiophenylene, which can be substituted by one ore more substituents selected from halogen, methyl, methoxy and CF3; E is NR5 or CH2, wherein R5 is H or C1 -C3-alkyl; Ar is a cyclic radical selected from the group consisting of phenyl, a 5- or 6- -membered heteroaromatic radical comprising as ring members 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and a phenyl ring fused to a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, where the heterocyclic ring comprises as ring members 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and/or 1, 2 or 3 heteroatom-containing groups each independently selected from NR8, where R8 is H, C1-C4-alkyl, fluorinated C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkylcarbonyl or fluorinated C1-C4-alkylcarbonyl, and where the cyclic radical Ar may carry 1, 2 or 3 substituents Ra, wherein the variable Ra has the meanings given in the claims and in the description; and physiologically tolerated acid addition salts thereof. The invention also relates to the use of a compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a medical disorder susceptible to treatment with a dopamine D3 receptor ligand.
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Page/Page column 168
(2010/11/08)
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- Substituted dibenzo[c,h]cinnolines: Topoisomerase I-targeting anticancer agents
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Several substituted dibenzo[c,h]cinnolines were synthesized and evaluated for their potential to target topoisomerase I and for their relative cytotoxic activity. Select benzo[i]phenanthridines are capable of stabilizing the cleavable complex formed with topoisomerase I and DNA. This study was initiated to examine whether dibenzo[c,h]cinnolines, which are in essence aza analogues of benzo[i]phenanthridines, possess similar pharmacological properties. 2,3-Dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxybenzo[i]phenanthridine is one of the more potent benzo[i]phenanthridine derivatives in regard to topoisomerase I-targeting activity and cytotoxicity. The structure-activity relationship observed with these substituted dibenzo[c,h]cinnolines parallels that observed for benzo[i]phenanthridine derivatives. Compared to similarly substituted benzo[i]phenanthridines, the dibenzo[c,h]cinnoline analogues exhibit more potent topoisomerase I-targeting activity and cytotoxicity. The relative IC50 values obtained in assessing the cytotoxicity of 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxydibenzo[c,h]cinnoline and 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxybenzo[i]phenanthridine in the human lymphoblastma cell line, RPMI8402, are 70 and 400 nM, respectively. In tumor cell lines selected for resistance to camptothecin and known to express mutant topoisomerase I, benzo[i]phenanthridine derivatives were not cross-resistant. In contrast, similarly substituted dibenzo[c,h]cinnolines with significant topoisomerase I-targeting activity did exhibit cross-resistance in these camptothecin-resistant cell lines. The cytotoxicity of these dibenzo[c,h]cinnolines was not diminished in cells overexpressing the efflux transporter, MDR1. These data indicate that substituted dibenzo[c,h]cinnolines can exhibit potent topoisomerase I-targeting activity and are capable of overcoming the multi-drug resistance associated with this efflux transporter.
- Yu, Younong,Singh, Sudhir K.,Liu, Angela,Li, Tsai-Kun,Liu, Leroy F.,LaVoie, Edmond J.
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p. 1475 - 1491
(2007/10/03)
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