- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel EGFR inhibitors containing 5-chloro-3-hydroxymethyl-indole-2-carboxamide scaffold with apoptotic antiproliferative activity
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New EGFR inhibitor series of fifteen 5-chloro-3-hydroxymethyl-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives has been designed, synthesized, and tested for antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. The results showed that p-substituted phenethyl derivatives 10, 11, 13, 15 and 17–19 showed superior antiproliferative activity compared to their m-substituted counterparts 12, 14, 16 and 20. Compounds 15, 16, 19 and 20 displayed promising EGFR inhibitory activity as well as an increase in caspase 3 levels. Compounds 15 and 19 increased caspase-8 and 9 levels, as well as inducing Bax and decreasing Bcl-2 protein levels. Compound 19 demonstrated cell cycle arrest at pre-G1 and G2/M phases. The results of the docking study into the active site of EGFR revealed strong fitting of the new compounds with higher binding affinities compared to erlotinib.
- Mohamed, Fatma A.M.,Gomaa, Hesham A.M.,Hendawy,Ali, Asmaa T.,Farghaly, Hatem S.,Gouda, Ahmed M.,Abdelazeem, Ahmed H.,Abdelrahman, Mostafa H.,Trembleau, Laurent,Youssif, Bahaa G.M.
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supporting information
(2021/05/26)
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- Iodine/Manganese Catalyzed Sulfenylation of Indole via Dehydrogenative Oxidative Coupling in Anisole
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This protocol describes an iodine/manganese catalytic system for dehydrogenative oxidative coupling reaction of indoles with thiols in anisole. Particularly, the dual roles of anisole have been first demonstrated as a solvent and as a promoter via the formation of an oxonium ion intermediate to accelerate the generation of products. A series of sulfenylindoles are readily constructed under aerobic mild reaction conditions. In addition, the achievement for preparing anticancer and anti-AIDS drugs testifies the practicability of this approach. The mechanism studies disclose probable alternative pathways and a single-electron transfer process are involved in this transformation. (Figure presented.).
- Li, Weihe,Wang, Hao,Liu, Shengping,Feng, Hua,Benassi, Enrico,Qian, Bo
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supporting information
p. 2666 - 2671
(2020/05/25)
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- Scaffold Hopping of Natural Product Evodiamine: Discovery of a Novel Antitumor Scaffold with Excellent Potency against Colon Cancer
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Inspired by the natural product evodiamine, a novel antitumor indolopyrazinoquinazolinone scaffold was designed by scaffold hopping. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the discovery of compound 15j, which shows low nanomolar inhibitory activity against the HCT116 cell line. Further antitumor mechanism studies indicated that compound 15j acted by the dual inhibition of topoisomerase 1 and tubulin and induced apoptosis with G2 cell-cycle arrest. The quaternary ammonium salt of compound 15j (compound 15js) exhibited excellent in vivo antitumor activity (TGI = 66.6%) in the HCT116 xenograft model with low toxicity. Indolopyrazinoquinazolinone derivatives represent promising multitargeting antitumor leads for the development of novel antitumor agents.
- Wang, Lei,Fang, Kun,Cheng, Junfei,Li, Yu,Huang, Yahui,Chen, Shuqiang,Dong, Guoqiang,Wu, Shanchao,Sheng, Chunquan
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p. 696 - 713
(2020/02/04)
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- GABAa receptor ligands often interact with binding sites in the transmembrane domain and in the extracellular domain—can the promiscuity code be cracked?
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Many allosteric binding sites that modulate gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) effects have been described in heteropentameric GABA type A (GABAA) receptors, among them sites for benzodiazepines, pyrazoloquinolinones and etomidate. Diazepam not only binds at the high affinity extracellular “canonical” site, but also at sites in the transmembrane domain. Many ligands of the benzodiazepine binding site interact also with homologous sites in the extracellular domain, among them the pyrazoloquinolinones that exert modulation at extracellular α+/β? sites. Additional interaction of this chemotype with the sites for etomidate has also been described. We have recently described a new indole‐based scaffold with pharmacophore features highly similar to pyrazoloquinolinones as a novel class of GABAA receptor modulators. Contrary to what the pharmacophore overlap suggests, the ligand presented here behaves very differently from the identically substituted pyrazoloquinolinone. Structural evidence demonstrates that small changes in pharmacophore features can induce radical changes in ligand binding properties. Analysis of published data reveals that many chemotypes display a strong tendency to interact promiscuously with binding sites in the transmembrane domain and others in the extracellular domain of the same receptor. Further structural investigations of this phenomenon should enable a more targeted path to less promiscuous ligands, potentially reducing side effect liabilities.
- Ernst, Margot,Iorio, Maria Teresa,Koniuszewski, Filip,Mihovilovic, Marko D.,Rehman, Sabah,Schnürch, Michael,Scholze, Petra,Simeone, Xenia,Vogel, Florian Daniel
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- ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUNDS
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The present application provides compounds of formula: Methods of using these compounds for killing bacterial growth and treating bacterial infections are also provided.
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Page/Page column 86-89
(2019/11/04)
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- Synthesis method for preparing 2-substituted indole derivative
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The invention relates to a synthesis method for preparing a 2-substituted indole derivative. The method includes the following steps: mixing aromatic amine compounds (I), ketone compounds (II) and a drying agent in an organic solvent; adding a palladium catalyst; and reacting in an aerobic weak acid environment to prepare the indole compounds (III). (I), (II) and (III) are as shown in the specification, wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkanoyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyridyl and heterocyclic aryl; (I) can be pyridylamine, pyrimidylamine, pyridazinam or pyrazinamide which may further be substituted or unsubstituted; and the substituents are selected fromone or more C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkanoyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amino; and R2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, formate groups or C1-C6 alkylamide groups.
- -
-
Paragraph 0107-0110
(2019/05/28)
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- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indole-2-carbohydrazide Derivatives as Anticancer Agents with Anti-angiogenic and Antiproliferative Activities
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A novel series of indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against two cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, and a normal human fetal lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5. Among this series, compound 24 f displayed potent cytotoxic activities in vitro against HCT116 and SW480 cell lines with GI50 values of 8.1 and 7.9 μm, respectively, and was inactive against MRC-5 cells. The newly synthesized compounds were also evaluated for anti-angiogenesis capabilities by chick chorioallantoic membrane, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration, and endothelial microtubule formation assays. Moreover, the effects of 24 f on the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and the signaling pathway in HUVECs indicated that this compound inhibits VEGFR-2 and its downstream related proteins. These results indicate that compound 24 f, as well as the other derivatives, are promising inhibitors of angiogenesis.
- Zhang, Jianqiang,Liu, Tongyang,Chen, Mei,Liu, Feifei,Liu, Xingyuan,Zhang, Jihong,Lin, Jun,Jin, Yi
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p. 1181 - 1192
(2018/06/26)
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- Carboxylic Acid-Promoted Single-Step Indole Construction from Simple Anilines and Ketones via Aerobic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
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The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction is an efficient strategy for indole synthesis. However, most CDC methods require special substrates, and the presence of inherent groups limits the versatility for further transformation. A carboxylic acid-promoted aerobic catalytic system is developed herein for a single-step synthesis of indoles from simple anilines and ketones. This versatile system is featured by the broad substrate scope and the use of ambient oxygen as an oxidant and is convenient and economical for both laboratory and industry applications. The existence of the labile hydrogen at C-3 and the highly transformable carbonyl at C-2 makes the indoles versatile building blocks for organic synthesis in different contexts. Computational studies based on the density functional theory (DFT) suggest that the rate-determining step is carboxylic acid-assisted condensation of the substrates, rather than the functionalization of aryl C-H. Accordingly, a pathway via imine intermediates is deemed to be the preferred mechanism. In contrast to the general deduction, the in situ formed imine, instead of its enamine isomer, is believed to be involved in the first ligand exchange and later carbopalladation of the α-Me, which shed new light on this indolization mechanism.
- Ren, Long,Nan, Guanglei,Wang, Yongcheng,Xiao, Zhiyan
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p. 14472 - 14488
(2018/11/23)
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- Development and Scale-Up of a Manufacturing Route for the Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor GSK2248761A (IDX-899): Synthesis of an Advanced Key Chiral Intermediate
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A new and improved synthetic route to an intermediate in the synthesis of the phosphinate ester GSK2248761A is described. In the key step, we describe the first process-scale example of a palladium-catalyzed phosphorus-carbon coupling to give the entire backbone of GSK2248761A in one telescoped stage in 65% average yield on a 68 kg scale. This unusual chemistry enabled the route to be reduced from six chemistry stages to four and eliminated a number of environmentally unfriendly reagents and solvents.
- Bellingham, Richard,Borrett, Gary,Bret, Guillaume,Choudary, Bernadette,Colclough, David,Hayes, Jerome,Hayler, John,Hodnett, Neil,Ironmonger, Alan,Ochen, Augustine,Pascoe, David,Richardson, John,Vit, Erica,Alexandre, Fran?ois-René,Caillet, Catherine,Amador, Agnès,Bot, Stéphanie,Bonaric, Séverine,Da Costa, Daniel,Lioure, Marie-Pierre,Roland, Arlène,Rosinovsky, Elodie,Parsy, Christophe,Dousson, Cyril B.
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p. 200 - 206
(2018/02/23)
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- Substituted indole - 2 - formic acid (by machine translation)
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This invention relates to a substituted indole - 2 - carboxylic acid synthesis method, is to replace the phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride or arylhydrazines as raw materials, through with pyruvic acid ethyl ester cheng zong, Fischer indole synthesis by reaction of substituted indole - 2 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester, hydrolysis to obtain the substituted - 2 - carboxylic acid. Product purity is greater than 97%, the reaction yield is 64%. Synthesis method of the invention with non-harsh conditions, the operation is simple, and environmental friendliness, it has certain economic benefits. It is a kind of raw materials are easy, simple operation, three wastes, high yield of indole - 2 - carboxylic acid synthesis method. (by machine translation)
- -
-
Paragraph 0045; 0047
(2017/10/28)
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- Cu nanoparticles immobilized on montmorillonite by biquaternary ammonium salts: a highly active and stable heterogeneous catalyst for cascade sequence to indole-2-carboxylic esters
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Copper nanoparticles immobilized on montmorillonite (MMT) by biquaternary ammonium salts (N1,N6-dibenzyl-N1,N1,N6,N6-tetramethylheptane-1,6-diaminium bromide, Q) were prepared by cation-exchange and impregnation-reduction and designated Cu-Q-MMT. The material was extensively characterized by various characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption. The Cu-Q-MMT could be used as a highly active heterogeneous catalyst for cascade sequence to indole-2-carboxylic esters from ortho-bromobenzaldehydes with ethyl acetamidoacetate. Even for inactive chlorobenzaldehydes, a good yield could be obtained. In addition, the catalyst can be reused six times without any significant loss of activity. The high activity and stability of the Cu-Q-MMT catalyst is mainly attributed to the excellent synergistic effects of biquaternary ammonium salts, Cu nanoparticles and the nanospace structure of MMT.
- Lang, Wencheng,Yang, Qin,Song, Xueping,Yin, Mengyun,Zhou, Limei
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p. 13754 - 13759
(2017/03/11)
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- Rh(II)-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of N-sulfonyl 1,2,3-triazoles with indole derivatives: A new method for synthesis pyranoindoles
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A direct and highly stereoselective approach for the synthesis of Z-alkenyl-pyranoindoles had been developed by utilizing Rh(II)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles with indole derivatives. A variety of pyranoindoles were obtained in 44-93% yields. Moreover, a more convenient synthesis of pyranoindoles starting from terminal alkyne was realized via a Cu-Rh sequentially catalyzed one-pot cascade reaction.
- Xie, Hui,Yang, Jian-Xin,Bora, Pranjal Protim,Kang, Qiang
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supporting information
p. 3014 - 3021
(2016/05/19)
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- Development of indole sulfonamides as cannabinoid receptor negative allosteric modulators
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Existing CB1 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) fall into a limited range of structural classes. In spite of the theoretical potential of CB1 NAMs, published in vivo studies have generally not been able to demonstrate the expected therapeutically-relevant CB1-mediated effects. Thus, a greater range of molecular tools are required to allow definitive elucidation of the effects of CB1 allosteric modulation. In this study, we show a novel series of indole sulfonamides. Compounds 5e and 6c (ABD1075) had potencies of 4 and 3?nM respectively, and showed good oral exposure and CNS penetration, making them highly versatile tools for investigating the therapeutic potential of allosteric modulation of the cannabinoid system.
- Greig, Iain R.,Baillie, Gemma L.,Abdelrahman, Mostafa,Trembleau, Laurent,Ross, Ruth A.
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p. 4403 - 4407
(2016/08/25)
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- ZrCl4-promoted facile synthesis of indole derivatives
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Zirconium(iv) chloride effectively activates nitrogen (N2) extrusion from aryl azidoacrylates followed by annulation to provide the desired indole products in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeds at low temperature and in short reaction time and is applicable to a variety of substrates.
- Tummatorn,Gleeson,Krajangsri,Thongsornkleeb,Ruchirawat
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p. 20048 - 20052
(2014/05/20)
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- Ligand-free copper-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of indole-2-carboxylic esters
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A simple, efficient, and facile synthetic route for the preparation of indole-2-carboxylic esters was described. The cascade reactions of 2-bromobenzaldehyde and glycine ester hydrochloride were promoted by Cu 2O and a base to provide the corresponding products in good yields. Commercially available, inexpensive substrates and reagents were employed under mild reaction conditions in this one-pot operation, which is complementary to existing methods for access to 2-substituted indoles. A simple, efficient, and facile synthetic route to indole-2-carboxylic esters through copper-catalyzed one-pot cascade reactions of commercially available, inexpensive 2-bromobenzaldehyde and glycine ester hydrochloride without the use of any external ligand under mild conditions is reported. Copyright
- Zhu, Zhiqiang,Yuan, Jiangjun,Zhou, Yirong,Qin, Yang,Xu, Jingshi,Peng, Yiyuan
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supporting information
p. 511 - 514
(2014/02/14)
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- Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Indole-2-carboxylic Esters
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A simple, efficient, and facile synthetic route for the preparation of indole-2-carboxylic esters was described. The cascade reactions of 2-bromobenzaldehyde and glycine ester hydrochloride were promoted by Cu2O and a base to provide the corresponding products in good yields. Commercially available, inexpensive substrates and reagents were employed under mild reaction conditions in this one-pot operation, which is complementary to existing methods for access to 2-substituted indoles.
- Zhu, Zhiqiang,Yuan, Jiangjun,Zhou, Yirong,Qin, Yang,Xu, Jingshi,Peng, Yiyuan
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supporting information
p. 511 - 514
(2015/10/05)
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- Indoles via Knoevenagel-Hemetsberger reaction sequence
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A series of substituted indoles have been synthesized by the sequential reaction of aromatic aldehydes with ethyl azidoacetate in the presence of sodium ethoxide to form the corresponding ethyl α-azido-β-arylacrylates (Knoevenagel process) followed by a solvent mediated thermolysis (Hemetsberger process). The isolated yields of the ethyl α-azido-β-arylacrylates were significantly increased when employing the sacrificial electrophile ethyl trifluoroacetate. 1H NMR and coupled 1H-13C NMR analysis of the ethyl α-azido-β-arylacrylates indicate that the condensation is stereospecific - only the Z-isomer could be detected. Solvent mediated thermal treatment of the meta-substituted ethyl α-azido-β- arylacrylates resulted in the formation of both the 5- and 7- substituted indoles - the 5-regioisomer being slightly favored over the 7-regioisomer. Analogous thermal treatment of (2Z, 2Z′)-diethyl 3,3′-(1,3- phenylene)bis(2-azidoacrylate) and (2Z, 2Z′)-diethyl 3,3′-(1,4- phenylene)bis(2-azidoacrylate) exclusively produced pyrroloindoles, diethyl 1,5-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-f]indole-2,6-dicarboxylate and diethyl 1,5-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-f]indole-2,6-dicarboxylate, respectively. Results are also reported which indicate that the α-azido-β-arylacrylates can be used in the subsequent Hemetsberger indolization process without prior purification.
- Heaner Iv, William L.,Gelbaum, Carol S.,Gelbaum, Leslie,Pollet, Pamela,Richman, Kent W.,Dubay, William,Butler, Jeffrey D.,Wells, Gregory,Liotta, Charles L.
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p. 13232 - 13242
(2013/09/02)
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- Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of 2-amino-3-cyano-6-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4- phenylpyridine derivatives in vitro
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A series of novel 2-amino-3-cyano-6-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-phenylpyridine derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity against A549, H460, HT-29 and SMMC-7721 cell lines was evaluated in vitro. Among them, ten compounds (10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 30 and 31) displayed excellent anti-tumor activity against different cell lines. The most promising compound 27 showed strong anti-tumor activity against A549, H460, HT-29 and SMMC-7721 cell lines with IC50 values of 22, 0.23, 0.65 and 0.77 nM, which were 2.6-, 83-, 1.1 × 103- and 2.0 × 103- fold more active than MX-58151 (IC50 values of 0.058, 0.019, 0.70 and 1.53 μM), respectively.
- Zhang, Fan,Zhao, Yanfang,Sun, Li,Ding, Lu,Gu, Yucheng,Gong, Ping
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experimental part
p. 3149 - 3157
(2011/06/26)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of indole-2-carboxylic acid esters in ionic liquid
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An improved procedure for the synthesis of indole-2-carboxylic acid esters in excellent yields has been achieved by the condensation of 2-halo aryl aldehydes or ketones and ethyl isocyanoacetate using ionic liquid under controlled microwave irradiation (100 W) at 50 °C. This method offers a number of advantages in terms of methodology, high-product yield, short period of conversion, mild reaction conditions and easy workup.
- Gu, Lijun,Li, Xiangguang
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experimental part
p. 2036 - 2039
(2012/02/03)
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- A tandem "on-palladium" Heck-Jeffery amination route toward the synthesis of functionalized indole-2-carboxylates
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A direct synthesis of functionalized indole-2-carboxylates involving a PdII-catalyzed annulation of ortho-iodoanilines onto a vinyl ether is described. The reaction mechanism is shown to be distinct from a stepwise Heck, intramolecular amination pathway, likely involving a tandem "on-palladium" Heck-Jeffery amination process incorporating a novel intramolecular amination step.
- McNulty, James,Keskar, Kunal
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experimental part
p. 6902 - 6908
(2012/01/02)
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- A ligand-free, copper-catalyzed cascade sequence to indole-2-carboxylic esters
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A variety of indole-2-carboxylic esters are accessible in yields up to 61% through a ligand-free, coppercatalyzed reaction of a series of commercially available 2-halo aryl aldehydes with benign glycine amidoesters, including the common reagent ethyl acetamidoacetate. This one-pot, three-reaction format allows ready entry to the desired heterocycles from starting substrates in the reactivity order of iodo > bromo ≥ chloro substituents. An assortment of functional groups is tolerated, adding to the generality of this methodology.
- Koenig, Stefan G.,Dankwardt, John W.,Liu, Yanbing,Zhao, Hang,Singh, Surendra P.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6549 - 6551
(2011/02/24)
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- Assembly of indole-2-carboxylic acid esters through a ligand-free copper-catalysed cascade process
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A straightforward synthesis of indole-2-carboxylic esters was developed through a ligand-free copper-catalysed condensation/coupling/deformylation cascade process from 2-halo aryl aldehydes or ketones with ethyl isocyanoacetate. The reactions proceeded we
- Cai, Qian,Li, Zhengqiu,Wei, Jiajia,Ha, Chengyong,Pei, Duanqing,Ding, Ke
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7581 - 7583
(2010/04/30)
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- Synthesis and biological activity of functionalized indole-2-carboxylates, triazino- and pyridazino-indoles
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Condensation of aryl hydrazines with ethyl pyruvate gave the respective hydrazones 4-6; Fischer indolization led to substituted-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl esters 7-9. The Mannich reaction of these compounds with formaldehyde and morpholine yielded ethyl 3-(morpholinomethyl)-substituted-1H-indole-2- carboxylates 10-12. The 5,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide 13 was cyclized with methyl orthoformate in DMF to give 6,8-dichloro[1,2,4]triazino[4,5-a]indol- 1(2H)-one 14. Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of 7-9 gave ethyl 3-formyl- substituted-1H-indole-2-carboxylates 15-17 whose 2,2′-((5-chloro-2- (ethoxycarbonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)bis-(sulfanediyl) diacetic acid 18 was prepared. The reaction of 15 and 16 with substituted anilines by conventional and microwave methods gave ethyl 3-(N-aryliminomethyl)-5-halo-1H-indole-2- carboxylates 19-29. In a cyclocondensation reaction of 19-25 with thiolactic acid or thioglycolic acid substituted indolylthiazolidinones 30-33 were prepared. Reaction of hydrazine hydrate with 15-17 did not give the respective hydrazones but directly led to the cyclized products substituted-3H- pyridazino[4,5-b]indol-4(5H)-ones 34-36, while a reaction with 2,4-dichlorophenylhydrazine yielded the uncyclized hydrazones. The chlorination of 35 and 36 with POCl3 gave pyridazino[ 4,5-b]indoles 39 and 40, respectively; reaction of the latter compounds with morpholine gave 4-(substituted-5H-pyridazino[4,5-b]indol-4-yl)morpholine 41 and 42. Mannich reaction of 34 with formaldehyde and N-ethylpiperazine gave 8-chloro-3-((4- ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3H-pyridazino[ 4,5-b]indol-4(5H)-one 43. The microwave assistance of selected reactions has a profound effect on the reaction speed. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by both analytical and spectral data. Some compounds were subjected to investigations concerning their antimicrobial, tranquilizing, and anticonvulsant activities.
- El-Gendy, Adel A.,Said, Mohamed M.,Ghareb, Nagat,Mostafa, Yasser M.,El-Ashry, El Sayed H.
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experimental part
p. 294 - 300
(2009/04/11)
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- Dioxomolybdenum(VI)-catalyzed reductive cyclization of nitroaromatics. Synthesis of carbazoles and indoles
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Reductive cyclization of nitrobiphenyls and nitrostyrenes to carbazoles and indoles, respectively, is carried out by triphenylphosphine under mild conditions catalyzed by a dichlorodioxomolybdenum(VI) complex. A one-pot procedure for the synthesis of regioselectively functionalized indoles has been developed from commercially available onitrobenzaldehydes and phosphoranes.
- Sanz, Roberto,Escribano, Jaime,Pedrosa, Maria R.,Aguado, Rafael,Arnaiz, Francisco J.
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p. 713 - 718
(2008/02/09)
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of indole and benzimidazole piperazines as histamine H4 receptor antagonists
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We describe the structure-activity relationships for a series of ligands structurally related to the recently identified (5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)-(4- methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone (1) as histamine H4 receptor (H 4R) antagonists. Furthermore, we identified related benzimidazoles as novel lead compounds for the H4R. The ligands have been evaluated by radioligand displacement studies and functional assays for their interaction with both the human histamine H3 and H4 receptors and exhibit pKi values up to 7.5 at the human H4R.
- Terzioglu, Nalan,Van Rijn, Richard M.,Bakker, Remko A.,De Esch, Iwan J.P.,Leurs, Rob
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p. 5251 - 5256
(2007/10/03)
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- ANTIDEPRESSANT 2-(4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-IMIDAZOLYL)-DIHYDRO-1H-INDOLES, -1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROQUINOLINES AND -1H-INDOLES, AND METHODS OF USE THEREAS
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2-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indoles, 2-(4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines and 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1H-indoles, useful as antidepressant agents, are prepared by reacting a respective lower-alkyl 2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylate or 1H-indole-2-carboxylate derivative with ethylenediamine or an N-lower-alkylethylenediamine in the presence of a Lewis-type acid.
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-
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- Indoline Analogues of Idazoxan: Potent α2-Antagonists and α1-Agonists
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The synthesis and α-adrenergic activity of a series of substituted 2-imidazolinylindolines are described.Substitution in the indoline ring generated compounds with a spectrum of adrenoceptor antagonist/agonist profiles that proved sensitive to both the nature and position of the substituent.Many of the derivatives possess greater presynaptic antagonist potency that the corresponding benzodioxan 1, dihydrobenzofuran 2, and indan 3 analogues; however, this α2-antagonism is often accompanied by α1-agonist activity.It was not possible to separate α2-antagonist from α1-agonist properties in this series.Compounds of most interest proved to be the N-ethyl 6, 5-chloro-N-methyl 18 and 5-chloro-N-ethyl 23 derivatives, all being potent α2-antagonists and α1-agonists.Substitution at the 4- and 7-position of the indoline ring generally gave compounds with nonselective agonist properties.
- Fagan, Gay P.,Chapleo, Christopher B.,Lane, Anthony C.,Myers, Malcolm,Roach, Alan G.,et al
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p. 944 - 948
(2007/10/02)
-
- p-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID AND CATION EXCHANGE RESIN IN APROTIC SOLVENT: VALUABLE CATALYSTS FOR FISCHER INDOLIZATION
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p-Toluenesulfonic acid and cation exchange resin (Amberlyst-15) in aprotic solvent were found to serve as a good catalyst for Fischer indolization in mane cases.With this condition ethyl indole-2-carboxylate was prepared more conveniently in better yield than by previous methods.
- Murakami, Yasuoki,Yokoyama, Yuusaku,Miura, Tomoko,Hirasawa, Hiroko,Kamimura, Yuuko,Izaki, Miyako
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p. 1211 - 1216
(2007/10/02)
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