5624-60-2Relevant articles and documents
Hydrogen-Bonding Controlled Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclotrimerization of Terminal Alkynes
Yang, Kai,Wang, Pengfei,Sun, Ze-Ying,Guo, Minjie,Zhao, Wentao,Tang, Xiangyang,Wang, Guangwei
supporting information, p. 3933 - 3938 (2021/05/26)
Herein we report a hydrogen-bonding controlled nickel-catalyzed regioselective cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivities toward 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes. This method features a cheap catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional group compatibility. The Ni-B(OH)2 complex in situ generated from NiCl2·DME and tetrahydroxydiboron might act as an active catalyst. After three consecutive cis-additions of terminal alkynes, internal migratory insertion cyclization, and β-boron elimination induced aromatization, 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes were selectively established.
Synthesis and Structures of Bis(indolyl)-Coordinated Titanium Dichlorido Complexes and Their Catalytic Application in the Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes
Itoh, Keigo,Miura, Narumi,Miyamoto, Ryo,Ohta, Shun,Okazaki, Masaaki,Saitoh, Keiichiro,Satoh, Sora
, p. 2826 - 2835 (2021/09/02)
The impact of the terminal ligands on the titanium center on the coordination features of deprotonated 2,2′-bis(indolyl)methanes (henceforth: bis(indolyl)s) was studied via a structural comparison between {bis(indolyl)}Ti(NEt2)2 complexes and the corresponding dichlorido complexes. As a result, several flexible aspects of bis(indolyl) coordination were found. For example, it was revealed that an η1-coordinated indolyl moiety can change its coordination mode to coordination via the five-membered ring of indolyl when the terminal diethylamido ligands are replaced by chlorido ligands. Moreover, we found that the methoxy group in the central aromatic ring of the bis(indolyl) ligand can coordinate to the titanium center. The synthesized dichlorido complexes were applied for catalytic alkyne cyclotrimerization reactions, as Ti-based catalyst systems are less developed than Co-, Ni-, Ru-, Rh-, and Ir-based systems. During this study, the cyclotrimerization of HCCSiMe3 was found to preferentially produce the 1,3,5-form (1,3,5-form:1,2,4-form = 79:21), contrary to the typical trend of transition-metal-mediated alkyne cyclotrimerization, and the isolated yield (72%) is the highest among the known 1,3,5-favoring reactions using Ti-based catalyst systems. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was experimentally verified to proceed through a typical stepwise mechanism involving monomeric species.
Synthesis of a highly crystalline, covalently linked porous network
-
Page/Page column 3; 13, (2019/05/15)
Porous networks are described linked by boronates. Also described are processes for producing the porous networks. The porous networks are formed by reacting a polyboronic acid with itself or with a polydiol, a polydiamine, or a polyamino alcohol. The res
Iron-catalyzed regioselective cyclotrimerization of alkynes to benzenes
Gawali, Suhas Shahaji,Gunanathan, Chidambaram
, p. 139 - 149 (2019/01/03)
We report the synthesis and characterization of simple di(aminomethyl)pyridine ligated iron-pincer complexes, which catalyzed the regioselective [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of terminal aryl and alkyl alkynes to provide the 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene molecules. Interestingly, internal alkynes also exhibited similar cyclization and resulted in hexa-substituted benzene compounds. Increased steric bulk on pincer ligands diminished the selectivity for cycloaddition. Cyclotrimerization reactions proceeded at room temperature upon activation of catalyst by a Grignard reagent. EPR studies indicated thermally induced spin crossover effect in catalyst.
Cyclotrimerization of alkynes catalyzed by a self-supported cyclic tri-nuclear nickel(0) complex with α-diimine ligands
Shen, Lingyi,Zhao, Yanxia,Luo, Qiong,Li, Qian-Shu,Liu, Bin,Redshaw, Carl,Wu, Biao,Yang, Xiao-Juan
supporting information, p. 4643 - 4649 (2019/04/05)
A cyclic tri-nuclear α-diimine nickel(0) complex [{Ni(μ-LMe-2,4)}3] (2) was synthesized from a “pre-organized”, trimerized trigonal LNiBr2-type precursor [Ni3(μ2-Br)3(μ3-Br)2(LMe-2,4)3]·Br (1; LMe-2,4 = [(2,4-Me2C6H3)NC(Me)]2). In complex 2, the α-diimine ligands not only exhibit the normal N,N′-chelating mode, but they also act as bridges between the Ni atoms through an unusual π-coordination of a C═N bond to Ni. Complex 2 is able to catalyze the cyclotrimerization of alkynes to form substituted benzenes in good yield and regio-selectivity for the 1,3,5-isomers, which is found to vary with the nature of the alkyne employed. This complex represents a convenient self-supported nickel(0) catalyst with no need for additional ligands and reducing agent.
Oxidative nitrene transfer from azides to alkynes via Ti(ii)/Ti(iv) redox catalysis: Formal [2+2+1] synthesis of pyrroles
Pearce, Adam J.,See, Xin Yi,Tonks, Ian A.
, p. 6891 - 6894 (2018/06/26)
Catalytic oxidative nitrene transfer from azides with the early transition metals is rare, and has not been observed without the support of redox noninnocent spectator ligands. Here, we report the formal [2+2+1] coupling of azides and alkynes via TiII/TiIV redox catalysis from simple Ti halide imido precatalysts. These reactions yield polysubstituted N-alkyl pyrroles, including N-benzyl protected pyrroles and rare examples of very electron rich pentaalkyl pyrroles. Mechanistic analysis reveals that [2+2+1] reactions with bulky azides have different mechanistic features from previously-reported reactions using azobenzene as a nitrene source.
Catalytic activity of a large Rhodium metallaborane towards the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkynes
Ma, Pei,Spencer, James T.
, p. 67 - 69 (2018/06/19)
Rhodadecaborane [6-(η5-C5Me5)-nido-6-RhB9H13] (1) was found to be able to catalyze the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a series of terminal and internal alkynes to yield mixtures of 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-substituted benzene. The reactivity of compound 1 with alkynes demonstrates that decaborane based metallaborane can be used as the catalyst for [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkynes. All compounds are characterized by NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry methods.
Alkyne [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclotrimerization Catalyzed by a Low-Valent Titanium Reagent Derived from CpTiX3 (X = Cl, O- i-Pr), Me3SiCl, and Mg or Zn
Okamoto, Sentaro,Yamada, Takeshi,Tanabe, Yu-Ki,Sakai, Masaki
, p. 4431 - 4438 (2019/01/03)
Inter-, partially intra-, and intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions of alkynes were catalyzed by a low-valent titanium species generated in situ from the reduction of CpTi(O-i-Pr)3, CpTiCl3, or Cp?TiCl3 with Mg or Zn powder in the presence of Me3SiCl. The role of Me3SiCl as an additive in the reaction mechanism is discussed.
Reversible Cleavage/Formation of the Chromium–Chromium Quintuple Bond in the Highly Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization
Huang, Yu-Siang,Huang, Gou-Tao,Liu, Yao-Lun,Yu, Jen-Shiang K.,Tsai, Yi-Chou
supporting information, p. 15427 - 15431 (2017/11/10)
Herein we report the employment of the quintuply bonded dichromium amidinates [Cr{κ2-HC(N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(N-2,6-R2C6H3)}]2 (R=iPr (1), Me (7)) as catalysts to mediate the [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes giving 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes. During the catalysis, the ultrashort Cr?Cr quintuple bond underwent reversible cleavage/formation, corroborated by the characterization of two inverted arene sandwich dichromium complexes (μ-η6:η6-1,3,5-(Me3Si)3C6H3)[Cr{κ2-HC(N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(N-2,6-R2C6H3)}]2 (R=iPr (5), Me (8)). In the presence of σ donors, such as THF and 2,4,6-Me3C6H2CN, the bridging arene 1,3,5-(Me3Si)3C6H3 in 5 and 8 was extruded and 1 and 7 were regenerated. Theoretical calculations were employed to disclose the reaction pathways of these highly regioselective [2+2+2] cylcotrimerization reactions of terminal alkynes.
Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling for High-Surface-Area Conjugated Microporous Poly(aryleneethynylene) Networks
Trunk, Matthias,Herrmann, Anna,Bildirir, Hakan,Yassin, Ali,Schmidt, Johannes,Thomas, Arne
supporting information, p. 7179 - 7183 (2016/05/24)
A modified one-pot Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction based on a copper-free methodology has been applied for the synthesis of conjugated microporous poly(aryleneethynylene) networks (CMPs) from readily available iodoarylenes and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene. The polymerization reactions were carried out by using equimolar amounts of halogen and terminal alkyne moieties with extremely small loadings of palladium catalyst as low as 0.65 mol %. For the first time, CMPs with rigorously controlled structures were obtained without any indications of side reactions, as proven by FTIR and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, while showing Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas higher than any poly(aryleneethynylene) network reported before, reaching up to 2552 m2 g-1. A modified one-pot Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction based on a copper-free methodology has been applied for the synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). Not only are the resulting structures much more defined than previously published materials, but they also show far superior Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of up to 2552 m2 g-1, setting a new record for this type of materials (see scheme).
