63394-00-3Relevant articles and documents
In-situ observation on the magnesiothermic reduction of TiCl4 around 800 °C by microfocus X-ray fluoroscopy
Kishimoto, Akihiro,Uda, Tetsuya
, (2021)
In the industrial smelting process for titanium metal, liquid TiCl4 is supplied on molten magnesium and reduced to porous titanium in a closed steel or stainless steel container at 800–900 °C. In the present study, in-situ observation on the magnesiothermic reduction of TiCl4 was performed by microfocus X-ray fluoroscopy. We successfully observed that the molten magnesium creeps up on container walls rapidly and that porous titanium is mainly deposited and grows on the walls by reduction of gaseous TiCl4 by the magnesium. This unique behavior of magnesium is attributed to the capillary action of molten magnesium through pores of titanium deposited on the walls.
Generation of nanopores during desorption of NH3 from Mg(NH 3)6Cl2
Hummelshoj, Jens S.,Sorensen, Rasmus Zink,Kustova, Marina Yu.,Johannessen, Tue,Norskov, Jens K.,Christensen, Claus Hviid
, p. 16 - 17 (2006)
It is shown that nanopores are formed during desorption of NH3 from Mg(NH3)6Cl2, which has been proposed as a hydrogen storage material. The system of nanopores facilitates the transport of desorbed ammonia away from the interior of large volumes of compacted storage material. DFT calculations show that there exists a continuous path from the initial Mg(NH3)6Cl2 material to MgCl2 that does not involve large-scale material transport. Accordingly, ammonia desorption from this system is facile. Copyright
Synthesis and properties of tetra-(4-tert-butyl-5-nitro)phthalocyanines
Rodionov,Maizlish,Shaposhnikov
, p. 96 - 101 (2016)
The interaction of 4-tert-butyl-5-nitrophthalonitrile with a series of metal acetates has yielded the corresponding metal phthalocyaninates. The treatment of magnesium tetra(4-tert-butyl-5-nitro)phthalocyaninate with hydrochloric acid has afforded tetra(4-tert-butyl-5-nitro)phthalocyanine. Spectral properties of the prepared macrocycles have been studied. The nature of the organic solvent and the complex forming metal marginally affect the position of the Q band in the electron absorption spectra of the studied compounds. It has been demonstrated that the prepared phthalocyanines can dye polymer materials and are catalytically active towards oxidation of a model sulfur-containing compound.
Solid state synthesis of nano-sized AlH3 and its dehydriding behaviour
Duan,Hu,Xue
, p. 3466 - 3474 (2015)
Aluminum hydride (AlH3) has a high gravimetric hydrogen capacity (10.1 wt%) and has attracted considerable attention due to its potential application for hydrogen storage. Up to now, almost all the routes developed for the synthesis of AlH3 are energy-consuming and economically impractical for mass production. In this study, a cost effective route of solid state reactive milling was proposed to synthesize AlH3 using aluminum chloride and cheap metal hydrides as starting reagents, with the LiH/AlCl3, MgH2/AlCl3, and CaH2/AlCl3 reaction systems being experimentally investigated. The reaction progress and products during reactive milling were characterized by XRD and 27Al NMR, and the morphology as well as the microstructure of the as-milled samples by SEM and TEM, respectively. It was found that nano-sized γ-AlH3 could be synthesized by reactive milling with commercial AlCl3 and nanocrystalline MgH2 as reagents. Based on the XRD and NMR analyses as well as the TEM observation, the average size of the γ-AlH3 phase in the as-synthesized γ-AlH3/MgCl2 nanocomposite was estimated to be about 8.5 nm. By an isothermal dehydrogenation test, the as-synthesized γ-AlH3 was found to have a quite high hydrogen desorption capacity and fast kinetics, with a hydrogen desorption amount of about 9.71 wt% within 9080 s at 220 °C.
Controlled synthesis of Mg(OH)2 nanorods using basic magnesium chloride as precursor
Chai, Shu-Jing,Luo, Bi-Jun,Wu, Hai-Hong,Wu, Dan,Lu, Shao-Yan,Zhang, Qi
, p. 90 - 101 (2021)
Mg(OH)2 nanorods were successfully prepared by two-step method. The precursor was obtained by hydrolyzed the MgCl2 in NH3·H2O solution, and then, it transformed into Mg(OH)2 nanorods by a simple solvothermal method without any surfactant or catalyst. The influences of synthesis parameters on the morphological characteristics and sizes of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles were investigated, such as the proportion of EtOH–H2O solvent, the reaction temperature, and the treatment time. XRD and FESEM were used to characterize the structure, morphology, and composition of the samples. This method is lower costing, simple and environmentally benign, thus, it should be easy to be scaled up for industrial production.
Ring-opening polymerization of cycloolefins with MgCl2
Buchacher,Fischer,Aichholzer,Stelzer
, p. 163 - 171 (1997)
Until now polymerization catalysis was linked to transition metal chemistry with only few exceptions. However, in our work we will show that the main group metal salt MgCl2 can give rise to oligomerization and polymerization of olefins. Since t
Kinetics of oxychlorination of chromite Part I. Effect of temperature
Kanari,Gaballah,Allain
, p. 143 - 154 (2001)
Nonisothermal thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was used to evaluate the reactivity of a chromite mineral [(Fe2+, Mg)(Cr, Al, Fe3+)2O4] towards Cl2 + CO, Cl2 + N2 and Cl2 + O2 gaseous mixtures up to 1000°C. Full chlorination and volatilization of reaction products were achieved at about 975°C using Cl2 + CO, while only about 40% of the sample have reacted at 1000°C using Cl2 + N2 and Cl2 + O2. The effect of the temperature on the oxychlorination with Cl2 + O2 of the chromite mineral was studied between 600 and 1050°C using isothermal TG measurements. The results show that the oxychlorination of chromite occurs in two stages. The initial stage of the oxychlorination was characterized by average values of apparent activation energy of about 151 and 57 kJ/mol for the temperatures lower and higher than 825°C, respectively. While a value of about 262 kJ/mol was found for the second stage of the oxychlorination process between 925 and 1050°C. The effects of temperature on the oxychlorination of the simple chromite constituents (Cr2O3, Fe2O3 and MgO) were also studied.
MgCl2.6PhCH2OH - A new molecular adduct as support material for Ziegler-Natta catalyst: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity
Gnanakumar, Edwin S.,Thushara,Bhange, Deu S.,Mathew, Renny,Ajithkumar,Rajamohanan,Bhaduri, Sumit,Gopinath, Chinnakonda S.
, p. 10936 - 10944 (2011)
Benzyl alcohol has been used to prepare a single phase MgCl 2.6BzOH molecular adduct as a support for an ethylene polymerization catalyst (Ziegler catalyst). The structural, spectroscopic and morphological aspects of the MgCl2.6BzOH molecular adduct and the Ziegler catalyst have been thoroughly studied by various physicochemical characterization techniques. The presence of MgO6 octahedrons due to the interaction of Mg2+ with six -OH groups of the benzyl alcohol is confirmed from a Raman feature at 703 cm-1, and structural studies. The supported catalyst activity has been evaluated for the ethylene polymerization reaction. The lower polymerization activity of the titanated Ziegler-Natta catalyst compared with a standard catalyst is attributed to the strong interaction of titanium chloride with the support and associated electronic factors.
Determination of temperature effect of oxychlorination of Cr2O3 and MgO using non-isothermal conditions
Kanari,Gaballah,Allain
, p. 131 - 137 (2000)
The effect of temperature on the oxychlorination of Cr2O3 and MgO using Cl2+O2 was evaluated using non-isothermal conditions. A mathematical treatment of the experimental data was performed. Results were compared with those obtained using isothermal conditions. The oxychlorination of Cr2O3 up to 650°C was characterized by an apparent activation energy 'E(a)' of ca. 83 kJ/mol. Beyond 650°C, the reaction proceeded with an E(a) of ca. 51 kJ/mol. Between 850 and 1025°C, the reaction of MgO with Cl2+O2 was strongly dependent on temperature and its E(a) was equal to ca. 215 kJ/mol. The values of the apparent activation energies, found for the oxychlorination of both oxides using non-isothermal conditions, were comparable to those obtained during isothermal treatment. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
Synthese von Dicarbollyl-Komplexen der Elemente Phosphor und Arsen: Roentgenstrukturanalyse von ClAs
Jutzi, P.,Wegener, D.,Hursthouse, M.
, p. 277 - 289 (1991)
The lithium salt Li2 reacts with the element(III) chlorides PCl3 and AsCl3 to yield the heterodicarbollyl compounds 1 and 2, respectively, of the type ClEl (1, El=P;2, El=As).Reaction of 1 and 2 with iPrMgCl leads to the corresponding isopropyl-derivatives iPrEl (3, El=P; 4, El=As). 3 can also be obtained in low yields from the reaction of Li2 with iPrPCl2. 1 and 2 react with AlCl3 to give the adducts ClEl*AlCl3 (5, El=P; 6, El=As).Treatment of 1 with AgBF4 gives, under elimination of AgCl and BF3, the fluorinated analogon FP (7).Comparison of the bonding situation in 1-7 with that in known isoelectronic cage-compounds of group 14 elements suggests a distorted icosahedral structure for 1-7, which has been proved in the case of 2 by an X-ray diffraction study.
