- Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of cubic MnSe2/Se nanocomposites material
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The cubic MnSe2/Se nanocomposites were produced under hydrothermal condition, by reduction of SeCl4to Se and Se2-, and reaction of the reduced selenium with Mn2+ion during the next step, in the presence of different surfactants using hydrazine as reductant. The main factors affecting the morphology, the particle size and the phase of the products, such as surfactant, reductant and its amount, reaction temperature and time were studied. The pure Se or a mixture of Se and MnSe2nanorods were obtained in the presence of different surfactants and small amounts of hydrazine. The cubic MnSe2/Se nanocomposites were formed at 120 °C for 12 h or longer periods of time, in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and large amounts of hydrazine. The size of the as-prepared cubes decreases with increasing the reaction time. With increasing temperature of reaction from 120°C to 180°C, the morphology of the products changes from cubes to the mixture of nanorods and nanoparticles.
- Sobhani, Azam,Salavati-Niasari, Masoud
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- Electrodeposition of selenium from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethylsulfonate
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Electrodeposition of Se films from air and water stable 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethylsulfonate ionic liquid was studied in open air conditions. The electrochemical behavior of H2SeO 3 on gold and copper substrates was investigated in ionic liquid-water mixtures, and the influence of the deposition parameters such as time and bath temperature on the crystallinity of the film was examined. For the gold substrate, a reddish deposit containing amorphous, hexagonal and rhombohedral Se phases was identified at room temperature, while a grayish film of hexagonal and rhombohedral phases was formed at higher temperatures. The reddish Se film was found to exhibit a smoother surface with lower reflectivity in comparison to the grayish one. The band gap of the reddish film was close to that of pure amorphous red Se reported in literature, while the band gap of the grayish film was close to the pure hexagonal film. Photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that both films consist of pure Se with only slight surface contaminations by remnants from the electrodeposition. In the case of a copper substrate, the electrodeposition of Se was accompanied by the formation of copper-selenide due to the reactivity of copper in H 2SeO3.
- Aal, A. Abdel,Voigts,Chakarov,Endres
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- Small molecule-controlled spontaneous growth of rose-like Se crystals at room temperature
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The spontaneous growth of rose-like Se crystals in aqueous solutions at room temperature is reported. The formation of rose-like Se crystals is based on the oxidation of Na2Se in the presence of thioglycerol solution at pH = 11 in a dark ambient atmosphere. In alkaline solutions, the growth evolution of rose-like Se crystals with aging time was followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and an interesting formation process from initial Se monomers to amorphous Se (a-Se) spheres, and to the final rose-like complex structures of Se crystals was observed. Seven kinds of small molecules with different structures, including 1-thioglycerol (TG), mercaptamine (MA), L-cysteine (L-cys), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), thioglycolic acid (TGA), glycerol (GLY), and Lserine (L-ser), were used to manipulate the growth of Se crystals. The experimental results show that the structures of the small molecules play a key role in the growth of the Se crystals. The presence of thiols in the structure of the small molecules is favorable for the formation of the aggregates of Se crystals, and other termini, such as -NH2, -OH, or -COO-, will determine whether the aggregates of Se crystals are made up of Se slices or Se prisms. These observations suggest that the ligand molecules have a crucial effect on the nucleation, monomers, and growth of nanocrystals. The selection of ligands can be extended to other important materials for further preparation of nanocrystals with desired shapes. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
- Deng, Da-Wei,Yu, Jun-Sheng,Pan, Yi
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- Formation of a composite based on selenium nanoparticles stabilized with poly-N,N,N,N-trimethylmethacryloyloxyethylammonium methyl sulfate and on Acetobacter xylinum cellulose gel films
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Formation of a composite based on selenium nanoparticles stabilized with poly-N,N,N,N-trimethylmethacryloyloxyethylammonium methyl sulfate and on Acetobacter xylinum cellulose gel films was studied. Optimal sorption parameters at which the amorphous form
- Borovikova,Matveeva,Baklagina,Khripunov,Tkachenko
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- Preparation, Structure, and Properties of the Mo/Se Ions 2-Se)2(H2O)6>(2+) and 3-Se)4(H2O)12>(5+)
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Preparation of the MoV2 di-μ-selenido aqua ion, 2-Se)2(H2O)6>(2+), has enabled the cuboidal mixed-valence (3.25) ion 3-Se)4(H2O)12>(5+) to be obtained; characterisation of both complexes including crystal str
- Henkel, G.,Kampmann, G.,Krebs, B.,Lamprecht, G. J.,Nasreldin, M.,Sykes, A. G.
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- Specific features of interaction of polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids with nanoparticles of amorphous selenium
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A study was made of formation of selenium nanoparticles in water from reduction of sodium selenite with ascorbic acid in the presence of polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids.
- Kopeikin,Valueva,Kipper,Filippov,Shishkina,Borovikova,Rumyantseva,Nazarkina,Lavrent'ev
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- Selenium adsorption on Cs-covered Si(100) 2 × 1 surfaces
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This report involves the study of Se adsorption on caesiated Si(100) 2 × 1 surfaces in ultra high vacuum (UHV) using low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy and work function measurements. Selenium atoms on Cs/Si(100) 2 × 1 surface adsorb initially on uncaesiated portions of Si and subsequently on the Cs overlayer. The presence of Se increases the binding energy of Cs on Si(100). For Cs and Se coverages above 0.5 ml CsSe and CsxSe ySiz, compound formation was observed. The coadsorption of Se and Cs induces a high degree of surface disorder, while desorption most probably causes surface etching. The presence of Cs on Si(100) 2 × 1 surfaces prevents the diffusion of Se into the Si substrate and greatly suppresses the formation of SiSe2 and SiSe3, detected when Se is adsorbed on clean Si(100) 2 × 1 surfaces.
- Sotiropoulos,Kamaratos
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- Optical properties of amorphous Se films prepared by PECVD
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The optical transmission spectrum of amorphous Se films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition was measured over the 500 to 2000 nm spectral region. The absorption coefficient values plotted vs photon energy according to Tauc's law yielded
- Nagels,Sleeckx,Callaerts,Marquez,Gonzalez,Bernal-Oliva
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- Studies of stoichiometry of electrochemically grown CdSe deposits
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The proper deposition bath composition for electrochemical synthesis of the CdSe deposit in the hexagonal structure of the right elemental stoichiometry, and photoreacting as an n-type semiconductor which can be used as a stable photoanode is investigated. The deposits were prepared by a cyclic potentiodynamic technique and the concentration of Cd2+ and SeO 32- in the deposition baths varied from 10-4 M to 0.1 M, and from 10-5 M to 10-3 M, respectively. The electrochemical, the X-ray diffraction (EDS and XRD), and the photoactivity studies of a number of deposits have shown that application of the solution composition following Cd:Se = 5:1 results in deposition of the stoichiometric CdSe. The detected ratio of reagents is explained on the base of reaction mechanism and necessary excess of cadmium ions preventing CdSe deposit dissolution. The procedure of CdSe electrosynthesis was developed to yield of a direct semiconductor in the hexagonal structure. The necessity for cadmium cations excess is explained on the basis of the mixed electrochemical/chemical deposition mechanism.
- Bieńkowski, Krzysztof,Strawski, Marcin,Maranowski, Bartosz,Szklarczyk, Marek
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- Ionic liquid-induced synthesis of selenium nanoparticles
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A simple wet chemical method has been used to synthesize selenium nanoparticles by the reaction of ionic liquid with sodium selenosulphate, a selenium precursor, in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol stabilizer, in aqueous medium. The method is capable of producing spherical selenium nanoparticles in the size range of 76-150 nm under ambient conditions. This is a first report on the production of nano-selenium assisted by an ionic liquid. The synthesized nanoparticles can be separated easily from the aqueous sol by a high-speed centrifuge machine, and can be re-dispersed in an aqueous medium. The synthesized selenium nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy techniques.
- Langi, Bhushan,Shah, Chetan,Singh, Krishankant,Chaskar, Atul,Kumar, Manmohan,Bajaj, Parma N.
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- Structural-morphological and biological properties of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by bovine serum albumin
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Nanostructures formed during the reduction of ionic selenium in the selenite-ascorbate redox system in an aqueous solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied using static and dynamic light scattering and flow birefringence. It was established that this process results in the formation of stable aggregates of selenium nanoparticles that adsorb BSA molecules. It was found that highly-ordered superhigh-molecular-weight spherical nanostructures with high density and unique morphology are formed. Experiments with a cell culture of promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 showed that BSA adsorbed on selenium nanoparticles can inhibit the growth of tumor cells and deactivate free radicals with an efficiency comparable with that of sodium selenite.
- Valueva,Borovikova,Koreneva,Nazarkina,Kipper,Kopeikin
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- Synthesis and Application of Monomeric Chalcogenolates of 13 Group Elements
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Utilization of the N,C,N-chelating ligand L (L={2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3}?) in the chemistry of 13 group elements provided either N→In coordinated monomeric chalcogenides LIn(μ-E4) (E=
- ?i?ica, Tomá?,Milasheuskaya, Yaraslava,R??i?ková, Zdeňka,Němec, Petr,?vanda, Pavel,Zmrhalová, Zuzana Olmrová,Jambor, Roman,Bou?ka, Marek
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- Lasers based on selenium 1S0 metastable atoms
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We have investigated the laser performance of the 1S0-1D2 and 1S0-3P1 electric-dipole-forbidden transitions of the ground configuration of selenium atoms using 172 nm photolysis of OCSe to produce large concentrations of Se(1S).With complete dissociation of OCSe the Se(1S) atoms are quenched by photoelectrons and Se(3P) atoms, both undesired products of the photolysis.The quenching by electrons is removed and the laser performance is greatly improved by employing small concentrations of SF6 for electron attachment.At optimized conditions, we have obtained a laser output on both transitions corresponding to 0.3 photons for each OCSe molecule initially in the laser volume.We have also investigated the effects on the lasers of collision broadening and collision-induced emission and have demonstrated XeSe and KrSe collision-induced lasers operating at wavelengths near the Se(1S0 - 1D2) transition.
- Powell, H. T.,Schleicher, B. R.
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- Synthesis of Se nanoparticles by using TSA ion and its photocatalytic application for decolorization of cango red under UV irradiation
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In this study, we describe a size-controlled synthesis of selenium nanoparticles based on the reduction of selenious acid (H2SeO3) by UV-irradiated tungstosilicate acid (H4SiW12O40, TSA) solution which serves both as reducing reagent and stabilizer. The nanoparticles are characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zetasizer, respectively. The characteristic catalytic behavior of the Se nanoparticles is established by studying the decolorization of cango red in the presence of UV light. It is obvious that selenium catalyzes the reaction efficiently. The results show that the rate of dye decolorization varies linearly with the nanoparticle concentration and the rate of dye decolorization decreases with the size of the Se nanoparticles increasing.
- Yang,Shen,Xie,Liang,Zhang
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- Selenium-modified titanium dioxide photochemical diode/electrolyte junctions: Photocatalytic and electrochemical preparation, characterization, and model simulations
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The photoelectrochemical behavior of TiO2 thin film electrodes, photocatalytically modified with Se islands, is described. The TiO2 thin films were electrodeposited on transparent conducting oxide glass substrates. The resultant electrode forms a n-TiO2p-Se photochemical diode which, in turn, contacts an electrolyte phase. Both transient photocurrent profiles (in response to excitation light that is switched on or off) and steady-state current-potential curves in response to chopped irradiation are considered. We show that the relative dominance of the contributions from the TiO2 and Se components to the overall response of the photochemical diode/electrolyte junction crucially depends on the wavelength distribution of the excitation light source. A simple equivalent circuit representation of this junction is presented, comprised of a photodiode in parallel with two photodiodes connected in series back-to-back. Simulations of the transient and steady-state photoelectrochemical response of this system are presented, and are shown to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental profiles. ? 2005 American Chemical Society.
- De Tacconi, Norma R.,Chenthamarakshan,Rajeshwar, Krishnan,Tacconi, Eugenio J.
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- Solution-phase synthesis and electrochemical hydrogen storage of ultra-long single-crystal selenium submicrotubes
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Ultra-long single-crystalline trigonal selenium submicrotubes were synthesized using a facile one-step solution-phase approach with the assistance of nonionic surfactant Polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitan monolaurate (Tween-20), which turned out to be significant for the formation of ultra-long Se submicrotubes. XRD, Raman, SEM, and TEM were adopted to characterize the morphology, structure and phase composition of the as-prepared Se products. It was found that the length of the obtained Se submicrotubes was over 100 μm. By variation of the experimental parameters, the t-Se spheres, nanowires, and broken microtubes can be prepared. The possible growth mechanism of the ultra-long selenium submicrotubes was explained. In addition, we have also demonstrated that the synthesized ultra-long t-Se submicrotubes using the Tween-20-assisted approach can electrochemically charge and discharge with the high capacity of 265 mAh/g (corresponding to 0.97 wt % hydrogen in SWNTs) under normal atmosphere at room temperature. Cyclic voltammetry was adopted to investigate the adsorption-oxidation behavior of ultra-long selenium submicrotubes. It was observed that the morphology of the synthesized selenium products had a remarkable influence on their capacity of electrochemical hydrogen storage. These differences in hydrogen storage capacity are likely due to the size and density of tubes as well as the microcosmic morphology of different Se samples. The as-obtained ultra-long Se submicrotubes are expected to find wide applications in hydrogen storage, high-energy batteries, and optoelectronic, biologic, and catalytic fields as well as in the studies of structure-property relationships. This simple Tween-assisted approach might be extended to the preparations of one-dimensional nanostructures of tellurium and other anisotropic materials.
- Zhang, Bin,Dai, Wei,Ye, Xingchen,Hou, Weiyi,Xie, Yi
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- Thermodynamics of glass/crystal transformation in Se58Ge 42-xPbx (9 ≤ x ≤ 20) glasses
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This article reports the thermodynamics of Se58Ge 42-xPbx (9 ≤ x ≤ 20) glassy alloys determined from the heat of fusion and specific heat capacity measurements. A differential scanning calorimetry method has been employed for the determination of thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy differences between the glassy and crystalline phase of these alloys as a function of temperature. An effort has also been made to determine the stability of these glasses using the data obtained from different thermodynamic quantities. This study reveals that stability of the samples increases with the increase of lead (Pb) content in the glassy alloys.
- Deepika,Saxena, Narendra S.
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- Synthesis, structure, and thermal properties of soluble hydrazinium germanium(IV) and tin(IV) selenide salts
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The crystal structures of two hydrazinium-based germanium(IV) and tin(IV) selenide salts are determined. (N2H5)4-Ge 2Se6 (1) [l41 cd, a = 12.708(1) A, c = 21.955(2) A, Z = 8] and (N2H4)3(N 2H5)4Sn2Se6 (2) [P1, a = 6.6475(6) A, b = 9.5474(9) A, c = 9.8830(10) A, α = 94.110(2)°, β= 99.429(2)°, γ = 104.141(2)°, Z= 1] each consist of anionic dimers of edge-sharing metal selenide tetrahedra, M 2Se64- (M = Ge or Sn), separated by hydrazinium cations and, for 2, additional neutral hydrazine molecules. Substantial hydrogen bonding exists among the hydrazine/hydrazinium molecules as well as between the hydrazinium cations and the selenide anions. Whereas the previously reported tin(IV) sulfide system, (N2H5)4Sn 2S6, decomposes cleanly to microcrystalline SnS 2 when heated to 200°C in an inert atmosphere, higher temperatures (>300°C) are required to dissociate selenium from 1 and 2 for the analogous preparations of single-phase metal selenides. The metal chalcogenide salts are highly soluble in hydrazine, as well as in a variety of amines and DMSO, highlighting the potential usefulness of these compounds as precursors for the solution deposition of the corresponding metal chalcogenide films.
- Mitzi, David B.
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- Synthesis of anatase Se/Te-TiO2 nanorods with dominant {100} facets: Photocatalytic and antibacterial activity induced by visible light
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A facile method for the preparation of Te- and Se/Te-doped anatase TiO 2 nanorods (NRs) with exposed {100} facets, which provides high photocatalytic and antibacterial activity under irradiation with visible light, is developed. Sodium titanate nanotubes are formed from commercial TiO 2 nanoparticles (P25) in NaOH through a hydrothermal reaction. The as-prepared Na-titanate nanotubes are then used to form Te-TiO2 nanotubes in the presence of tellurite (TeO32-) ions and NaBH4. Upon further hydrothermal reaction, the Te-TiO2 nanotubes are transformed to form Te-TiO2 NRs that further form Sen/Te-TiO2 NRs through a reduction of selenite (SeO 32-) ions with NaBH4. The Te-TiO2 NRs and Sen/Te-TiO2 NRs have highly active {100} facets and thus provide the photocatalytic activities for the generation of ×OH at 2.5 and 4.5 times higher than that of commercial P25, respectively. The Te-TiO2 and Sen/Te-TiO2 NRs exhibit higher antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus than P25 when activated by visible light. These stable and biocompatible Te-TiO2 and Se n/Te-TiO2 NRs hold great potential as potent antibacterial agents.
- Lin, Zong-Hong,Roy, Prathik,Shih, Zih-Yu,Ou, Chung-Mao,Chang, Huan-Tsung
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- Formation of Se0 Nanoparticles in an Aqueous Cationic Polyelectrolyte
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The nanostructures formed by reduction of Se(IV) in the selenite-ascorbate redox system in an aqueous solution of supermacromolecular polycation, poly[trimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium] methyl sulfate, were studied by static and dynamic optical scat
- Kopeikin,Valueva,Kipper,Filippov,Khlebosolova,Borovikova,Lavrent'ev
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- Synthesis of (RSn)4X6 adamantanes (X = O, S, Se) in liquid ammonia and in the two-phase system liquid ammonia/THF
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The reactions of trisSnBr3 (1) [tris = (Me3Si)3C] and nBuSnCl3 with Na2X (X = O, S, Se) yield the heterocyclic adamantanes 2-6. The reaction of 1 with Na20 is carried out in liquid ammonia under norma
- Wraage, Karsten,Pape, Thomas,Herbst-Irmer, Regine,Noltemeyer, Mathias,Schmidt, Hans-G.,Roesky, Herbert W.
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- Electrochemical approach for selenization of stacked Cu-In layers for formation of crystalline CuInSe2
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We report an electrochemical approach to form crystalline CuIn Se2 (CIS) films onto indium-tin-oxide substrates via thermal treatment to Se-coated Cu-In alloy. The simultaneous deposition of Cu-In alloy with optimum thickness was obtained by an electrochemical method from a mixture of aqueous solutions of CuS O4 and In2 (S O4)3 at constant potential. Further, the electrochemical method was used for deposition of elemental Se onto the priorly deposited Cu-In alloy film. To produce CIS films, Se-coated Cu-In alloy films were annealed in argon atmosphere at different temperatures ca. 350-450°C for 30 min. The Cu-In alloy, Se-coated Cu-In alloy, and thermally treated films were characterized using X-ray diffraction to identify the phases and scanning electron microscopy to observe the surface morphology.
- Gujar,Shinde,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Hyun Kyung,Jung, Kwang-Deog,Joo, Oh-Shim
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- Synthesis of novel selenium tubular structure
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Tubular selenium has been synthesized successfully by reducing selenious acid with ascorbic acid in the presence of primary amines (CnH2n+1NH2 with 10 ≤ n ≤ 16) at room temperature.
- Chen, Yuan-Tao,Sun, Qiao-Yu,Li, Hu-Lin
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- Structural and optical properties of amorphous selenium prepared by plasma-enhanced CVD
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The preparation of layers of amorphous Se by plasma-enhanced CVD using the hydride H2Se as precursor gas is described. Information concerning the structure of the films was obtained from Raman spectroscopy. The spectra of amorphous Se indicated that the dominant molecular structure is the eight-membered ring and/or a chain with Se8 molecular fragments. This material exhibited reversible photodarkening when illuminated at 77 K. In order to explain this phenomenon, we propose a mechanism which takes into account the role of the lone-pair electron orbitals of Se in their contribution to structural ordering. Illumination can cause a distortion in the normal bonding direction between nearest-neighbour Se atoms and induce in this way intrinsic defect states located at the band edges. In the photo-darkened state, optical transition will occur between these defect states.
- Nagels,Sleeckx,Callaerts,Tichy
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- Chemically deposited se thin films and their use as a planar source of selenium for the formation of metal selenide layers
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Selenium thin films of thickness ~300 nm were deposited from a solution of sodium selenosulfate of pH 4.5. These films are amorphous, but they are crystalline and photoconductive through annealing for 15 min at 150- 200 C. In this paper we present the properties of these films and their use as a planar source of selenium vapor (1.7× 10-6 mol cm2 of the film) to react with metal films to form metal selenide layers. For this, metal films of Ag, Sn, In, Cu, Sb, etc., deposited by thermal evaporation, are kept in contact with the Se-thin film and are heated at temperatures typically a chemically deposited thin film of Sb2 S3, AgSbSe2 is produced through heating at 200- 300 C. Photovoltaic structures SnO2: F-CdS- Sb2 S3 - AgSbSe2 fabricated this way show open-circuit voltage >500 mV and short-circuit current density of 2-5 mA cm2.
- Bindu,Nair,Nair
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- Deposition of selenium thin layers on gold surfaces from sulphuric acid media: Studies using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, cyclic voltammetry and AFM
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In this paper we report here new considerations about the relationship between the mass and charge variations (m/z relationship) in underpotential deposition (UPD), bulk deposition and also in the H2Se formation reaction. Nanogravimetric experiments were able to show the adsorption of H2SeO3 on the AuO surface prior to the voltammetric sweep and that, after the AuO reduction, 0.40 monolayer of H2SeO3 remains adsorbed on the newly reduced Au surface, which was enough to gives rise to the UPD layer. The UPD results indicate that the maximum coverage with Seads on polycrystalline gold surface corresponds to approximately 0.40 monolayer, in good agreement with charge density results. The cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrated that the amount of bulk Se obtained during the potential scan to approximately 2 Se monolayers, which was further confirmed by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements that pointed out a mass variation corresponding of 3 monolayers of Se. In addition, the Se thin films were obtained by chronoamperometric experiments, where the Au electrode was polarized at +0.10 V during different times in 1.0 M H2SO4 + 1.0 mM SeO2. The topologic aspects of the electrodeposits were observed in Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) measurements. Finally, in highly negative potential polarizations, the H2Se formation was analyzed by voltammetric and nanogravimetric measurements. These finding brings a new light on the selenium electrodeposition and point up to a proposed electrochemical model for molecule controlled surface engineering.
- Cabral, Murilo Feitosa,Pedrosa, Valber A.,Machado, Sergio Antonio Spinola
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- Electrochemical preparation of lead-doped amorphous Se films and underpotential deposition of lead onto these films
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The process of the underpotential deposition (UPD) of Pb adatoms (Pbad) onto Se was used to produce nanocomposite films consisting of amorphous Se and nanosized PbSe clusters distributed throughout the film bulk. It was found that doping lead into Se films modifies their optical and photoelectrochemical properties and increases the efficiency of the charge transfer both in the film bulk and through the semiconductor | electrolyte interface. Introducing lead into the bulk of Se films significantly promotes the process of Pbad UPD onto Se surface. The underpotentially deposited Pbad interact chemically with Se surface atoms, resulting in the formation of a PbSe monolayer. The PbSe formed can be identified by the anodic peak corresponding to its electrochemical oxidation.
- Ivanov, Dmitry K.,Osipovich, Nikolay P.,Poznyak, Sergey K.,Streltsov, Eugene A.
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- Development of a hydrothermal method to synthesize spherical znse nanoparticles: Appropriate templates for hollow nanostructures
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Hydrothermal method was used to synthesize pure ZnSe nanosphere materials. The effects of the reducing agent amount, the reaction time and temperature were investigated on the purity of ZnSe. Also, the effects of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (anionic) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (cationic) were studied on the morphology of ZnSe. The prepared nanospheres were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Through these techniques, it was found that the pure ZnSe nanoparticles have a zinc blend structure and in a spherical form with average diameter of 30 nm.
- Gharibe, Soodabe,Afshar, Shahrara,Vafayi, Leila
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- Preparation of single-crystalline selenium nanowires in the presence of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid
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Selenium nanowires have been synthesized by using 2-mercaptoethylamine- depleted CdSe nanoparticles as selenium source and ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid as chelating agent. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The result shows that the selenium nanowires are single crystals grown along the [001] direction of hexagonal lattice. The optical measurement shows a blue shift relative to the bulk hexagonal selenium, and the optical bandedge might be attributed to the interchain interactions within a hexagonal selenium crystal. Copyright
- Lei, Yun,Yao, Lide,He, Yuping,Wang, Shiquan,Yu, Richeng,Zou, Bingsuo
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- Structural domains and electronic contributions in amorphous chalcogenides
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The optical dielectric response of Asx Se1 - x and Asx S1 - x binary glass films is studied in the frame of a model based on the distinct electronic contribution of the different building blocks occurring in glasses.
- González-Leal,ángel,Márquez,Jiménez-Garay
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- A reverse cation-exchange route to hollow PbSe nanospheres evolving from Se/Ag2Se core/shell colloids
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A reverse cation-exchange approach for the synthesis of hollow PbSe nanospheres is successfully established. This route involves a new strategy of a stepwise, in-situ template-based evolution from spherical amorphous Se colloids to Se/Ag2Se core/shell colloids, then to hollow PbSe nanospheres. Se colloids are prepared as the initial product by utilizing the chelation of ethylenediamine to bulk Se. They are converted into Se/Ag2Se core/shell colloids through the reaction with Ag+ in ethylene glycol. During the conversion from Ag2Se shell to PbSe shell, a small amount of tributylphosphine is crucial as the capping agent. The characterization results, including XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and EDX, reveal that hollow PbSe nanospheres with polycrystalline and cubic structure are prepared. The corresponding optical band gap is calculated to be 0.56 eV. This conformation is potentially beneficial to the improvement concerning the applications of PbSe nanostructures.
- Zhu, Wei,Wang, Wenzhong,Shi, Jianlin
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- Electrochemical synthesis of selenium nanotubes by using CTAB soft-template
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The single-crystalline Se nanotubes were synthesized on the surface of Au sheet electrode by cyclic voltammetry. In synthesis process, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as soft-template. The formation mechanism of Se nanotubes was discussed.
- Zhang, Sheng-Yi,Zhang, Juan,Liu, Yi,Ma, Xiang,Chen, Hong-Yuan
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- CTAB-controlled synthesis of one-dimensional selenium nanostructures
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Selenium nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes have been successfully synthesized in aqueous solution by using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the soft template. The synthesis is performed by controlling CTAB concentration and temperature.
- Zhang, Juan,Zhang, Sheng-Yi,Chen, Hong-Yuan
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- Riley oxidation: A forgotten name reaction for synthesis of selenium nanoparticles
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A simple wet chemical method, involving reaction of acetone with selenium dioxide, has been developed, to synthesize polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized selenium nanoparticles. The method is capable of producing nanoparticles in the size range of about 100-300 nm, under ambient conditions. The synthesized nanoparticles can be separated easily from the aqueous sols by a high-speed centrifuge, and can be re-dispersed in aqueous medium by a sonicator. The effect of concentrations of selenium dioxide, acetone and PVA on the size of the selenium nanoparticles has been studied. The size of the selenium nanoparticles has been found to increase with increase in the reaction time as well as the concentration of selenium dioxide, while it decreases with increase in the concentration of the stabilizer, PVA. The synthesized selenium nanoparticles have been characterized by UV-visible optical absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques.
- Shah, Chetan P.,Dwivedi, Charu,Singh, Krishan K.,Kumar, Manmohan,Bajaj, Parma N.
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- Room temperature electrosynthesis of ZnSe thin films
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In the present study, we report the room temperature electrosynthesis of Zinc selenide (ZnSe) thin films on stainless steel (SS) and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. In addition, the influence of the substrate on the microstructural
- Gudage,Deshpande,Sagade, Abhay A.,Sharma, Ramphal
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- XRD, SEM and photoelectrochemical characterization of ZnSe electrodeposited on Cu and Cu-Sn substrates
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XRD, SEM and photoelectrochemical examinations of deposits formed on the Cu substrate by electrochemical deposition in a water solution containing 0.2 mol dm-3 of ZnSO4 and 0.002 mol dm-3 of H 2SeO3 were performed. Formation of Cu2Se x at potentials positive to that of electrochemical deposition of ZnSe was proved by the XRD technique. The formation of Cu2Se x continued even after deposition due to further diffusion of the deposited Se into Cu. A nano-crystalline ZnSe of cubic structure was electrodeposited at a potential of -0.62 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode and XRD examination of deposits formed using cyclic potential scanning and pulse plating revealed the presence of hexagonal ZnSe along with the cubic one. A photoelectrochemical characterization proved that the electrodeposited ZnSe was a p-type semiconductor. A significant amount of Cu2Sex was formed during annealing of ZnSe electrodeposited on the Cu substrate although only traces of copper selenide were detected before the annealing. ZnSe, SnSe and a small quantity of Cu2Sex were detected by XRD after annealing of ZnSe electrodeposited on the Cu-Sn/Mo/glass substrate.
- Ju?knas, Remigijus,Avi?inis, Darius,Kalinauskas, Putinas,Selskis, Algirdas,Giraitis, Raimondas,Pak?tas, Vidas,Karpavi?ien, Violeta,Kanapeckait, Stase,Mockus, Zenius,Kondrotas, Rokas
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Read Online
- Formation of group 12 [Zn, Cd] mixed-chalcogen nanoparticles from the reagent Me3Si-SeS-SiMe3
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Mixed-chalcogen metal chalcogenide nanoparticles (MSexS 1-x; M = Zn, Cd) have been synthesized using Me3Si-SeS- SiMe3 as a delivery source of Se2- and S2- to the metal core. This method demonstrates the ease with which mixed-chalcogen particles can be fabricated at low temperature using colloidal techniques. Reaction with Me3Si-SeS-SiMe3 occurs via a redox pathway resulting in Se-S bond cleavage and ultimately contributing to the nonequivalent Se:S ratio observed in the isolated particles. Subsequent thermolysis of ZnSe0.57S0.43 and CdSe0.28S0.72 in hexadecylamine gives rise to controlled particle growth while maintaining the observed stoichiometry. Particles are characterized by EDX, TEM, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis in conjunction with UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
- Turner, Elizabeth A.,Roesner, Harald,Huang, Yining,Corrigan, John F.
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Read Online
- AGENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
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The invention relates to medicine and veterinary medicine, and more specifically to pharmacology, and can be used to prevent viral infections caused be RNA viruses that have a lipid capcid. An agent for prevention viral infections comprises viral material from RNA viruses that have a lipid capcid and stabilized colloidal selenium at a 1:1 ratio. The viral material from RNA viruses has titres of 6.0-8.0 lg TCD50/ml. To obtain colloidal selenium having particle sizes from 10 to 15 nm the colloidal selenium is stabilized with polyethylene glycol, and for colloidal selenium having particle sizes from 20 to 40 nm, the colloidal selenium is stabilized with cysteine.
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Paragraph 0036-0037
(2021/10/11)
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- Reactivity of Ionic Liquids: Reductive Effect of [C4C1im]BF4 to Form Particles of Red Amorphous Selenium and Bi2Se3 from Oxide Precursors
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Temperature-induced change in reactivity of the frequently used ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4C1im]BF4) is presented as a prerequisite for the rational screening of reaction courses in material synthesis. [C4C1im]BF4 becomes active with oxidic precursor compounds in reduction reaction at ?≥200 °C, even without the addition of an external reducing agent. The reaction mechanism of forming red amorphous selenium from SeO2 is investigated as a model system and can be described similarly to the Riley oxidation. The reactive species but-1-ene, which is formed during the decomposition of [C4C1im]BF4, reacts with SeO2 and form but-3-en-2-one, water, and selenium. Elucidation of the mechanism was achieved by thermoanalytical investigations. The monotropic phase transition of selenium was analyzed by the differential scanning calorimetry. Beyond, the suitability of the single source oxide precursor Bi2Se3O9 for the synthesis of Bi2Se3 particles was confirmed. Identification, characterization of formed solids succeeded by using light microscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX.
- Knorr, Monika,Schmidt, Peer
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p. 125 - 140
(2020/12/17)
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- Synthesis of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) selenide and epoxide and acrylate monomers on this basis
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Reaction of SeCl2 with PhOH has afforded bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) selenide, whose treatment with epichlorohydrin provides a diepoxide that is transformed in bisacrylate and further in tetraacrylate via opening of the epoxide rings with acrylic acid followed by acylation with acryloyl chloride.
- Balina,Russkikh,Orlova,Ogneva,Shelkovnikov
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p. 198 - 201
(2015/04/14)
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- Formation of Cu2SnSe3 from stacked elemental layers investigated by combined in situ X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques
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Stacked elemental layers of Mo/Cu/Sn and Mo/Cu/Sn/Se were employed as samples for investigating the formation reaction of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds as well as Cu2SnSe3 phases by in situ technique of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The use of a combined in situ technique allows a real-time observation on solid-state reactions as well as any crystalline phase changes during annealing towards the crystallization of Cu2SnSe3. It is found that Cu and Sn form intermetallic compounds of Cu6Sn5, Cu3Sn and Cu41Sn11 as the annealing temperature rises from 30 to 550 C. The reaction of Se with Cu to form a CuSe phase dominates the binary phase formation at a low annealing temperature. The annealing of a stacked Mo/Cu/Sn/Se layer suggests that only Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound directly acts as a reactant for the Cu-selenide phase formation. A SnSe phase mostly forms from a liquid-state reaction of Sn and Se above the Sn melting point. The in situ investigation also reveals a complete set of Cu-selenide peritectic decompositions of CuSe2 → CuSe → Cu1.8Se at 360 and 412 C. The formation of Cu2SnSe 3 phase starts at 450 C as a product from a reaction between Cu 1.8Se and SnSe in a presence of liquid Se. Comparisons on the initial formation temperatures of all involved phases and on the formation pathways between Cu2SnSe3 and Cu2SnS3 are discussed as well.
- Wibowo, Rachmat Adhi,Moeckel, Stefan,Yoo, Hyesun,Hoelzing, Astrid,Hock, Rainer,Wellmann, Peter J.
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p. 254 - 258
(2014/01/06)
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- Oxo-sulfido- and oxo-selenido-molybdenum(vi) complexes possessing a dithiolene ligand related to the active sites of hydroxylases of molybdoenzymes: Low temperature preparation and characterisation
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Oxo-sulfido- and oxo-selenido-molybdenum(vi) complexes with an ene-1,2-dithiolate ligand are generated as models of the active sites of molybdenum hydroxylases. The sulfide and selenide groups are highly reactive toward triphenylphosphine in the order of Se > S.
- Sugimoto, Hideki,Tatemoto, Susumu,Toyota, Kazuo,Ashikari, Kenji,Kubo, Minoru,Ogura, Takashi,Itoh, Shinobu
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p. 4358 - 4360
(2013/06/05)
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- Ferrocenecarboselenoic acid: Synthesis and some reactions
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The first ferrocenecarboselenoic acid was synthesized and characterized. The existence of tautomeric equilibrium between the selenol (FcCOSeH) and selenoxo forms (FcCSeOH) in polar solvents was proven by 1H-, 13C- and 77Se-NMR spectra. The selenoxo form exists predominantly in a polar solvent at low temperature below -70 °C. Treatment of this acid with lithium, sodium, and potassium hydrides and with rubidium and cesium fluorides gave the corresponding alkali metal ferrocenecarboselenoates in quantitative yields. Treatment with 4-methylphenyl isocyanate at room temperature led to ferrocenoyl 4-methylphenylcarbamoyl selenide FcCOSeC(O)NHC6H4Me-4 in high yield. A similar reaction with phenyl isothiocyanate formed a mixture of FcCOSeC(S)NHPh and FcCOSeC(SH)=NPh in moderate to good yield. The carboselenoic acid readily reacted with piperidine to give piperidinium ferrocenecarboselenoate in good yield. Air oxidation of this selenoic acid afforded diferrocenoyl selenide as a major product along with diferrocenoyl diselenide. The structures of the selenide (FcCO)2Se and diselenide (FcCOSe)2 were examined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Copyright
- Takahashi, Toshinori,Niyomura, Osamu,Kato, Shinzi,Ebihara, Masahiro
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p. 108 - 114
(2013/03/28)
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- Vinyl monomers-induced synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized selenium nanoparticles
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A simple wet chemical method has been developed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (size 100-200 nm), by reaction of sodium selenosulphate precursor with different vinyl monomers, such as acrylamide, N,N′-dimethylene bis acrylamide, methyl methacrylate, sodium acrylate, etc., in aqueous medium, under ambient conditions. Polyvinyl alcohol has been used to stabilize the selenium nanoparticles. Average size of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting concentration of both the precursors and the stabilizer. Rate of the reaction as well as size of the resultant selenium nanoparticles have been correlated with the functional groups of the different monomers. UV-vis optical absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-rays, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques have been employed to characterize the synthesized selenium nanoparticles. Gas chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixture established the non-catalytic role of the vinyl monomers, which were found to be consumed during the course of the reaction.
- Shah, Chetan P.,Singh, Krishan K.,Kumar, Manmohan,Bajaj, Parma N.
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- The underpotential deposition of Bi2Te3-ySey thin films by an electrochemical co-deposition method
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Bi2Te3-ySey thin films were grown on Au(1 1 1) substrates using an electrochemical co-deposition method at 25 °C. The appropriate co-deposition potentials based on the underpotential deposition (upd) potentials of Bi, Te a
- K?se, Hilal,Bi?er, Mustafa,Tütüno?lu, ?a?la,Aydin, Ali Osman,?i?man, Ilkay
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p. 1680 - 1686
(2009/03/12)
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- Electrodeposition of PbSe onto n-Si(1 0 0) wafers
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PbSe was electrodeposited onto monocrystalline n-Si(1 0 0) wafers from 50 mM Pb(NO3)2 + 2 mM SeO2 + 0.1 M HNO3 solution. The mechanism of PbSe electrocrystallization on n-Si was studied. At initial stage, 3D Pb and 3D Se nuclei are simultaneously codeposited onto Si at potentials more negative than Si flat band potential and chemically interact resulting in PbSe formation. When n-Si/PbSe heterostructure is formed, the overvoltage of bulk lead deposition increases, as a result of redistribution of electrode potential. Further growth of PbSe is realized due to underpotential deposition (UPD) of Pb and overpotential deposition (OPD) of Se onto formed PbSe nuclei. With Pb UPD shift increase, amorphous Se inclusion is registrated in the deposit. When 2D Pb nucleation mechanism is changed to 3D mode, metal Pb cubic phase is codeposited with PbSe. Electrodeposition of PbSe onto n-Si is irreversible. PbSe anodic stripping does not take place in the dark due to the barrier on solid interface. Oxidation of PbSe on n-Si is observed only under illumination, when photoholes are generated in silicon substrate.
- Ivanova,Ivanou,Streltsov
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p. 5051 - 5057
(2009/01/30)
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- Electrodeposition of selenium, indium and copper in an air- and water-stable ionic liquid at variable temperatures
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The electrochemical behaviour of Au(1 1 1) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates in the air- and water-stable ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([BMP]Tf2N) was investigated using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Furthermore, the electrodeposition of Se, In and Cu in the same ionic liquid was investigated. The high thermal stability as well as the large electrochemical window of this ionic liquid compared with aqueous electrolytes allow the direct electrodeposition of grey selenium, indium and copper at variable temperatures, as the first step in making CIS solar cells electrochemically, in a one pot reaction. The results show that grey selenium can be obtained at temperatures ≥100 °C. XRD patterns of the electrodeposit obtained at 100 °C show the characteristic peaks of crystalline grey selenium. Nanocrystalline indium with grain sizes between 100 and 200 nm was formed in the employed ionic liquid, containing 0.1 M InCl3, at room temperature. It was also found that copper(I) species can be introduced into the ionic liquid [BMP]Tf2N by anodic dissolution of a copper electrode and nanocrystalline copper with an average crystallite size of about 50 nm was obtained without additives in the resulting electrolyte.
- Zein El Abedin,Saad,Farag,Borisenko,Liu,Endres
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p. 2746 - 2754
(2008/10/09)
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- The binary selenium(IV) azides Se(N3)4, [Se(N 3)5]-, and [Se(N3)6] 2-
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(Figure Presented) Black, red, gold: The reaction of SeF4 with Me3SiN3 at low temperatures results in the formation of the first binary selenium(IV) azide Se(N3)4. The decomposition in an NMR tube shows the colors of gray selenium, red selenium, and the desired yellow selenium tetraazide (see picture). The reactions of [SeF5]- and [SeF6]2- with Me 3SiN3 furnish the corresponding polyazidoselenites [Se(N3)5]- and [Se(N3) 6]2-. All materials are extremely temperature-sensitive.
- Klapoetke, Thomas M.,Krumm, Burkhard,Scherr, Matthias,Haiges, Ralf,Christe, Karl O.
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p. 8686 - 8690
(2008/09/18)
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- A rapid route for the synthesis of submicron se and te rod-like crystals
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Submicron Se and Te rod-like crystals were successfully synthesized via a rapid polyol process by refluxing Na2EO3 (E=Se, Te) and (NH3)2S2O3 in ethylene glycol at 180°C for 0.5 h under vigorous stirring. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and XPS procedures. Studies found that reaction time and temperature have great influences on the morphology of the final products.
- Shen, Guozhen,Chen, Di,Tang, Kaibin,Qian, Yitai
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p. 2077 - 2082
(2008/10/09)
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- One-step fabrication of selenium and tellurium tubular structures
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Single-crystal Se and Te tubular structures have been synthesized in one step by a hydrothermal method and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The hollow prismatic morphology of the tubular structures has been revealed and explained based on the nucleation and growth mechanism of the highly anisotropic crystal structures of Se and Te.
- Qin, Ai-Miao,Fang, Yue-Ping,Su, Cheng-Yong
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p. 1014 - 1016
(2008/10/09)
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- Syntheses and crystal structures of the two new polychalcogenides
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The solvothermal reaction of MnCl2·4 H2O, K2Se3 and Se in trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (chxn) at 433 K yields dark blue crystals of [Mn(chxn)3]Se6 (1), and the reaction of MnCl2·4 H2O, K2Se 3 and Te under similar conditions gives dark blue crystals of [Mn(chxn)3]2[H2chxn](TeSe2) 2Se (2). While compound (1) crystallises in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with the lattice parameters a = 13.7017(9), b = 19.9073(8) and c = 10.8058(5) A?, compound (2) crystallises in the monoclinic space group P21 with the lattice parameters a = 9.4396(6), b = 24.2450(2), c = 12.8170(8) A? and β = 91.6(1)°. In both structures discrete complex cations and polychalcogenide anions are found. In (1) the Se6 2- anions form a pseudo-layer arrangement with nearly rectangular pores. The complex cations are encapsulated by the arrangement of the Seg 2- anions. Some short distances between the amino groups of the ligands and the anions indicate weak hydrogen bonding. In compound (2) two independent [Mn(chxn)3]2+ and one unique H2chxn dications, two unique TeSe22- as well as one Se 2- dianion coexist. The two complex cations exhibit different conformations. One of the two TeSe22- anions has the di-protonated chxn molecule in the neighbourhood and short Se?H separations indicate weak hydrogen bonding. The isolated Se2- ion is located above the ring of the di-protonated trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine molecule and again a short Se?H separation may be due to a weak hydrogen bond. Compound (1) decomposes in a single step when heated in an Ar atmosphere. In contrast, the thermal decomposition of compound (2) is complex and at least five different steps can be identified.
- Wendland, Frank,N?ther, Christian,Bensch, Wolfgang
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p. 629 - 634
(2007/10/03)
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- Photocatalytic reduction of Se(VI) in aqueous solutions in UV/TiO2 system: Importance of optimum ratio of reactants on TiO2 surface
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This study investigates the effect of pH, initial concentrations of formic acid and selenate (Se(VI)) ions on the UV/TiO2 reduction of Se(VI) ions. The adsorption of Se(VI) and formate ions onto TiO2 surface was essential before the
- Tan, Timothy T.Y.,Beydoun, Donia,Amal, Rose
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- Platinum-based electrocatalysts for generation of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acidic electrolytes. Rotating ring-disk studies
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The electrocatalytic activity of selenium-, and sulfur-modified polycrystalline Pt electrodes for O2 reduction in acid media has been examined using rotating ring-disk electrode techniques. The results obtained indicated that, within a rather narrow range of coverages, both Se-, and S-modified Pt surfaces promote O2 reduction via a two-electron pathway to yield hydrogen peroxide at close to 100% faradaic efficiency over a wide potential region. Also presented in this work is an experimental procedure for Se-modification of high area, unsupported Pt particles based on fluidized packed bed reactor principles. Such a strategy could be readily scaled up opening new prospects for the development of large scale hydrogen peroxide generation in acid media, including electrochemically based, room temperature, Nafion-based oxygen concentrators.
- Mo, Yibo,Scherson, Daniel A.
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- SUBSTITUTED (AMINOIMINOMETHYL OR AMINOMETHYL) BENZOHETEROARYL COMPOUNDS
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This invention is directed to an (aminoiminomethyl or aminomethyl) benzoheteroaryl compound of formula I which is useful for inhibiting the activity of Factor Xa by combining said compound with a composition containing Factor Xa. The present invention is also directed to compositions containing compounds of the formula I, methods for their preparation, their use, such as in inhibiting the formation of thrombin or for treating a patient suffering from, or subject to, a disease state associated with a physiologically detrimental excess amount of thrombin.
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